Electromyographic activation levels of gluteus maximus, hamstrings and quadriceps in squat and hip thrust exercises: a systematic review

This systematic review aimed to compare the activation levels of hip and knee extensors between the squat exercises and their variations and the hip thrust exercise (HT). To this end, articles published with a time window starting in November 2022 were collected from the electronic databases PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science. The following selection criteria were adopted: cross-sectional or longitudinal study (experimental or cohort); studies that evaluated the neuromuscular activation during the squat and HT exercises or their variations; studies that included healthy, injury-free participants; studies that analyzed the amplitude of electromyographic signals. In total, 4 articles met the study criteria. The following results were found: a) The HT provided greater activation of the hip extensors; b) The squat and its variations increased muscle activation in the vastus lateralis; c) The results are inconclusive for activation of the biceps femoris. The study presented some limitations, such as the low number of articles found, small sample size, lack of studies with a more complete analysis by EMG between the muscle groups of the lower limbs, and lack of chronic records related to muscle hypertrophy and neuromuscular activity

Protótipo de Micro Estação Meteorológica para Pesquisa de Dados Atmosféricos na Região do Pantanal Matogrossense

Este projeto consiste no desenvolvimento de uma micro estação meteorológica utilizando a plataforma Arduino e seus componentes. Com base em sensores de temperatura, umidade do ar, pressão atmosférica e de qualidade do ar, a micro estação coleta dados ambientais que permitem modelar as regiões. Os dados coletados foram comparados com dados públicos do INMET. Com o uso da plataforma Arduino e os sensores foi possível realizar as medições ambientais com um bom grau de confiabilidade

Infestação por ácaros da espécie Chirodiscoides caviae em porquinho-da-Índia (Cavia porcellus)

A espécie Cavia porcellus (Rodentia, Caviidae), conhecida popularmente como cobaia ou porquinho-da-Índia, é um roedor utilizado como animal de laboratório e, devido ao seu tamanho e fácil adaptação, vem ganhando maior espaço nos lares brasileiros como animal de estimação. Alguns agentes patogênicos, como endoparasitos e ectoparasitos, podem acometer e alterar a saúde e o bem-estar desses animais. O objetivo desse trabalho foi relatar a ocorrência de ácaros da espécie Chirodiscoides caviae em Cavia porcellus domiciliada no município de Teresina, Piauí. Uma fêmea de porquinho-da-Índia, pesando 864 g, deu entrada em uma clínica veterinária de Teresina, apresentando áreas alopécicas em grande parte do corpo. A tutora relatou prurido, anorexia e perda de peso. Após o exame físico e realização da técnica da fita adesiva foi confirmada a presença de ácaros da espécie Chirodiscoides caviae em suas diferentes formas evolutivas. O tratamento preconizado foi selamectina 15 mg/kg, uso tópico, em dose única, com repetição 15 dias após o atendimento, constatando melhora do quadro clínico do animal, com crescimento de pelos e ganho de peso. Conclui-se que a técnica da fita adesiva pode ser utilizada em casos de sarna por Chirodiscoides caviae em porquinhos-da-Índia, apresentando resultados satisfatórios, otimizando o diagnóstico e o tratamento nestes animais.The guinea pig is an animal belonging to the order Rodentia, family Caviidae and species Cavia porcellus. They are used as laboratory animals and have also been bred as pets. Due to their size and easy adaptation, they have been gaining more space in Brazilian homes. However, some pathogenic agents, such as endoparasites and ectoparasites, can affect them, altering their health and well-being. The goal of this work was to report the occurrence of mites of the species Chirodiscoides caviae in Cavia porcellus domiciled in the city Teresina-PI. A female guinea pig, weighing 864 g, was admitted to a veterinary clinic in Teresina, where alopecic areas were observed in a large part of the animal's body. The owner reported signs of itching, anorexia and weight loss. After the physical examination and performing the adhesive tape technique, the presence of mites of the species Chirodiscoides caviae with its different evolutionary forms was confirmed. The recommended the therapy was selamectin 15 mg/kg, topical use, in a single dose, with repetition 15 days after the treatment, noting an improvement in the animal's clinical condition, with hair growth and weight gain. It is concluded that the adhesive tape technique can be used in cases of scabies by Chirodiscoides caviae in guinea pigs with satisfactory results, optimizing the diagnosis and treatment in these animals

Infestação por ácaros da espécie Chirodiscoides caviae em porquinho-da-Índia (Cavia porcellus)

A espécie Cavia porcellus (Rodentia, Caviidae), conhecida popularmente como cobaia ou porquinho-da-Índia, é um roedor utilizado como animal de laboratório e, devido ao seu tamanho e fácil adaptação, vem ganhando maior espaço nos lares brasileiros como animal de estimação. Alguns agentes patogênicos, como endoparasitos e ectoparasitos, podem acometer e alterar a saúde e o bem-estar desses animais. O objetivo desse trabalho foi relatar a ocorrência de ácaros da espécie Chirodiscoides caviae em Cavia porcellus domiciliada no município de Teresina, Piauí. Uma fêmea de porquinho-da-Índia, pesando 864 g, deu entrada em uma clínica veterinária de Teresina, apresentando áreas alopécicas em grande parte do corpo. A tutora relatou prurido, anorexia e perda de peso. Após o exame físico e realização da técnica da fita adesiva foi confirmada a presença de ácaros da espécie Chirodiscoides caviae em suas diferentes formas evolutivas. O tratamento preconizado foi selamectina 15 mg/kg, uso tópico, em dose única, com repetição 15 dias após o atendimento, constatando melhora do quadro clínico do animal, com crescimento de pelos e ganho de peso. Conclui-se que a técnica da fita adesiva pode ser utilizada em casos de sarna por Chirodiscoides caviae em porquinhos-da-Índia, apresentando resultados satisfatórios, otimizando o diagnóstico e o tratamento nestes animais

Meta-analysis: hydroxychloroquine therapy approach with or without azithromycin against covid-19

Objective: identify and analyse the evidences about the use of hydroxychloroquine with or without azithromycin in covid-19. Methods: This is a systematic review with meta-analysis using posted articles in December 2019 until May 2020. The research was formulated by a question structured using PICO strategy, in these data bases: BVS, PUBMED, MEDLINE, LILACS, BDENF e SCIELO. Results and discussion: Resulted in 9 articles founded by the PRISMA, approaching 4182 patients. PICO strategy selected and analysed 5 articles projected in Forest plots. Resulting in tree clinical trials (RR: 1.15; IC95%, 0.76 a 1.73), which did not found big differences in the outcome in the groups of patients who used HCQ with or without AZT, comparing with the control group. Two studies analysed the number of deaths/intubations in comparative group, experimental group and control (RR:1.86; IC: 95%, 1.54 a 2.26) resulting in more chance of death /intubation in patients who used HCQ. Conclusion: It was found that is not possible to prove the efficacy of these drugs, due to the limited number of randomized and controlled clinical trials. Therefore, the encourage of scientific production about the HCQ and AZT against Covid-19 is more than necessary

Geographic patterns of tree dispersal modes in Amazonia and their ecological correlates

Aim: To investigate the geographic patterns and ecological correlates in the geographic distribution of the most common tree dispersal modes in Amazonia (endozoochory, synzoochory, anemochory and hydrochory). We examined if the proportional abundance of these dispersal modes could be explained by the availability of dispersal agents (disperser-availability hypothesis) and/or the availability of resources for constructing zoochorous fruits (resource-availability hypothesis). Time period: Tree-inventory plots established between 1934 and 2019. Major taxa studied: Trees with a diameter at breast height (DBH) ≥ 9.55 cm. Location: Amazonia, here defined as the lowland rain forests of the Amazon River basin and the Guiana Shield. Methods: We assigned dispersal modes to a total of 5433 species and morphospecies within 1877 tree-inventory plots across terra-firme, seasonally flooded, and permanently flooded forests. We investigated geographic patterns in the proportional abundance of dispersal modes. We performed an abundance-weighted mean pairwise distance (MPD) test and fit generalized linear models (GLMs) to explain the geographic distribution of dispersal modes. Results: Anemochory was significantly, positively associated with mean annual wind speed, and hydrochory was significantly higher in flooded forests. Dispersal modes did not consistently show significant associations with the availability of resources for constructing zoochorous fruits. A lower dissimilarity in dispersal modes, resulting from a higher dominance of endozoochory, occurred in terra-firme forests (excluding podzols) compared to flooded forests. Main conclusions: The disperser-availability hypothesis was well supported for abiotic dispersal modes (anemochory and hydrochory). The availability of resources for constructing zoochorous fruits seems an unlikely explanation for the distribution of dispersal modes in Amazonia. The association between frugivores and the proportional abundance of zoochory requires further research, as tree recruitment not only depends on dispersal vectors but also on conditions that favour or limit seedling recruitment across forest types

Mapping density, diversity and species-richness of the Amazon tree flora

Using 2.046 botanically-inventoried tree plots across the largest tropical forest on Earth, we mapped tree species-diversity and tree species-richness at 0.1-degree resolution, and investigated drivers for diversity and richness. Using only location, stratified by forest type, as predictor, our spatial model, to the best of our knowledge, provides the most accurate map of tree diversity in Amazonia to date, explaining approximately 70% of the tree diversity and species-richness. Large soil-forest combinations determine a significant percentage of the variation in tree species-richness and tree alpha-diversity in Amazonian forest-plots. We suggest that the size and fragmentation of these systems drive their large-scale diversity patterns and hence local diversity. A model not using location but cumulative water deficit, tree density, and temperature seasonality explains 47% of the tree species-richness in the terra-firme forest in Amazonia. Over large areas across Amazonia, residuals of this relationship are small and poorly spatially structured, suggesting that much of the residual variation may be local. The Guyana Shield area has consistently negative residuals, showing that this area has lower tree species-richness than expected by our models. We provide extensive plot meta-data, including tree density, tree alpha-diversity and tree species-richness results and gridded maps at 0.1-degree resolution

Estimating the global conservation status of more than 15,000 Amazonian tree species

Estimates of extinction risk for Amazonian plant and animal species are rare and not often incorporated into land-use policy and conservation planning. We overlay spatial distribution models with historical and projected deforestation to show that at least 36% and up to 57% of all Amazonian tree species are likely to qualify as globally threatened under International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List criteria. If confirmed, these results would increase the number of threatened plant species on Earth by 22%. We show that the trends observed in Amazonia apply to trees throughout the tropics, and we predict thatmost of the world’s >40,000 tropical tree species now qualify as globally threatened. A gap analysis suggests that existing Amazonian protected areas and indigenous territories will protect viable populations of most threatened species if these areas suffer no further degradation, highlighting the key roles that protected areas, indigenous peoples, and improved governance can play in preventing large-scale extinctions in the tropics in this century

Geography and ecology shape the phylogenetic composition of Amazonian tree communities

Aim: Amazonia hosts more tree species from numerous evolutionary lineages, both young and ancient, than any other biogeographic region. Previous studies have shown that tree lineages colonized multiple edaphic environments and dispersed widely across Amazonia, leading to a hypothesis, which we test, that lineages should not be strongly associated with either geographic regions or edaphic forest types. Location: Amazonia. Taxon: Angiosperms (Magnoliids; Monocots; Eudicots). Methods: Data for the abundance of 5082 tree species in 1989 plots were combined with a mega-phylogeny. We applied evolutionary ordination to assess how phylogenetic composition varies across Amazonia. We used variation partitioning and Moran\u27s eigenvector maps (MEM) to test and quantify the separate and joint contributions of spatial and environmental variables to explain the phylogenetic composition of plots. We tested the indicator value of lineages for geographic regions and edaphic forest types and mapped associations onto the phylogeny. Results: In the terra firme and várzea forest types, the phylogenetic composition varies by geographic region, but the igapó and white-sand forest types retain a unique evolutionary signature regardless of region. Overall, we find that soil chemistry, climate and topography explain 24% of the variation in phylogenetic composition, with 79% of that variation being spatially structured (R$^{2}$ = 19% overall for combined spatial/environmental effects). The phylogenetic composition also shows substantial spatial patterns not related to the environmental variables we quantified (R$^{2}$ = 28%). A greater number of lineages were significant indicators of geographic regions than forest types. Main Conclusion: Numerous tree lineages, including some ancient ones (>66 Ma), show strong associations with geographic regions and edaphic forest types of Amazonia. This shows that specialization in specific edaphic environments has played a long-standing role in the evolutionary assembly of Amazonian forests. Furthermore, many lineages, even those that have dispersed across Amazonia, dominate within a specific region, likely because of phylogenetically conserved niches for environmental conditions that are prevalent within regions