Evaluation of a fluorosis prevention educational program : a randomized field trial

A 2-group randomized field trial was conducted to evaluate the impact of a fluorosis educational preventive program in mother´s knowledge and practices, and on the urine fluoride concentration of their preschool children. A group of 139 mother-child pairs participated in the study. Randomly, children were assigned to an intervention group, their mothers were participants of an educational program, or a control group (CG); including 69 and 70 child-mother pairs, respectively, the follow-up period was six months. Mother´s knowledge and practices were evaluated and children´s first urine sample was used to measure fluoride concentration at the beginning of the study and at the end of the follow-up period. The mean age of the children was 4.18 (sd 0.62) years-old at baseline. Mothers in the IG improved their knowledge and practices associated with fluorosis risk factors. Adequate knowledge about the amount of toothpaste to use for brushing improved in the IG (p=0.006). In 82.1% of the children in the IG showed decrease in urine fluoride concentration was observed (p< 0.001), no significant differences were shown in the CG. Mothers participating in an education program improved their knowledge and practices, reducing the risk of dental fluorosis in their children who showed a decreased on their urine F concentration

Cuestionario sobre conocimientos y prácticas de la prevención en odontólogos: diseño y validación

Objetivo - diseñar y evaluar la validez y confiabilidad de un cuestionario para medir los conocimientos y prácticas de la prevención en odontólogos de práctica clínica en México. Método - se creó un banco de preguntas evaluado por expertos a través de la prueba de Lawshe modificada para determinar la validez del contenido. Se realizaron 3 pruebas piloto para la evaluación y ajuste del cuestionario. Se aplicó el cuestionario a odontólogos (n=149), para evaluar la consistencia interna con el Coeficiente Alpha de Cronbach y la repetibilidad con el Coeficiente de Correlación Intraclase (cci); además, se evaluó la validez de convergencia con Coeficiente de Correlación de Spearman. Resultados - el cppo se conformó por 37 ítems: conocimientos (23), prácticas (14) y dos preguntas globales. Validez de contenido: >0.64. Los valores de consistencia interna: cppo α= 0.606, Conocimientos y Prácticas α= 0.639, y 0.687 respectivamente. Los valores de cci fueron para cppo= 0.556, para Conocimientos cci=0.815 y Prácticas cci=0.929. Se observó correlación estadísticamente significativa entre los puntajes de las dimensiones de conocimientos y prácticas con las preguntas globales correspondientes. Limitaciones - la limitante principal en este estudio es el tamaño de muestra para la evaluación de la repetibilidad. Principales hallazgos - el Cuestionario de Conocimientos y Prácticas sobre la Prevención en Odontólogos (cppo) cuenta con validez y confiabilidad aceptables para ser aplicado en odontólogos mexicanos

Complement component C4 structural variation and quantitative traits contribute to sex-biased vulnerability in systemic sclerosis

Altres ajuts: Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER), "A way of making Europe".Copy number (CN) polymorphisms of complement C4 play distinct roles in many conditions, including immune-mediated diseases. We investigated the association of C4 CN with systemic sclerosis (SSc) risk. Imputed total C4, C4A, C4B, and HERV-K CN were analyzed in 26,633 individuals and validated in an independent cohort. Our results showed that higher C4 CN confers protection to SSc, and deviations from CN parity of C4A and C4B augmented risk. The protection contributed per copy of C4A and C4B differed by sex. Stronger protection was afforded by C4A in men and by C4B in women. C4 CN correlated well with its gene expression and serum protein levels, and less C4 was detected for both in SSc patients. Conditioned analysis suggests that C4 genetics strongly contributes to the SSc association within the major histocompatibility complex locus and highlights classical alleles and amino acid variants of HLA-DRB1 and HLA-DPB1 as C4-independent signals

Treatment with tocilizumab or corticosteroids for COVID-19 patients with hyperinflammatory state: a multicentre cohort study (SAM-COVID-19)

Objectives: The objective of this study was to estimate the association between tocilizumab or corticosteroids and the risk of intubation or death in patients with coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) with a hyperinflammatory state according to clinical and laboratory parameters. Methods: A cohort study was performed in 60 Spanish hospitals including 778 patients with COVID-19 and clinical and laboratory data indicative of a hyperinflammatory state. Treatment was mainly with tocilizumab, an intermediate-high dose of corticosteroids (IHDC), a pulse dose of corticosteroids (PDC), combination therapy, or no treatment. Primary outcome was intubation or death; follow-up was 21 days. Propensity score-adjusted estimations using Cox regression (logistic regression if needed) were calculated. Propensity scores were used as confounders, matching variables and for the inverse probability of treatment weights (IPTWs). Results: In all, 88, 117, 78 and 151 patients treated with tocilizumab, IHDC, PDC, and combination therapy, respectively, were compared with 344 untreated patients. The primary endpoint occurred in 10 (11.4%), 27 (23.1%), 12 (15.4%), 40 (25.6%) and 69 (21.1%), respectively. The IPTW-based hazard ratios (odds ratio for combination therapy) for the primary endpoint were 0.32 (95%CI 0.22-0.47; p < 0.001) for tocilizumab, 0.82 (0.71-1.30; p 0.82) for IHDC, 0.61 (0.43-0.86; p 0.006) for PDC, and 1.17 (0.86-1.58; p 0.30) for combination therapy. Other applications of the propensity score provided similar results, but were not significant for PDC. Tocilizumab was also associated with lower hazard of death alone in IPTW analysis (0.07; 0.02-0.17; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Tocilizumab might be useful in COVID-19 patients with a hyperinflammatory state and should be prioritized for randomized trials in this situatio

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

¿Qué queda de mí?

Este libro es una reclamación a quienes hemos sido, somos o seremos docentes. A quienes no hemos respetado a las personas que se han puesto junto a nosotros y nosotras, confiando su bien más preciado: la libertad. Estas páginas denuncian cada vez que convertimos una visión en la visión, una emoción en la emoción, un saber en el saber, un comportamiento en el comportamiento. Es un grito contra la imposición, la normalización, la neutralización y la universalización de una perspectiva particular. Una pugna contra cada proceso que no se ha conectado con las vidas de los aprendices. Un texto colaborativo realizado por alumnado de Educación y Cambio Social en el Grado en Educación Infantil de la Universidad de Málaga y coordinado por Ignacio Calderón Almendros

Adelante / Endavant

Séptimo desafío por la erradicación de la violencia contra las mujeres del Institut Universitari d’Estudis Feministes i de Gènere "Purificación Escribano" de la Universitat Jaume

Fluorosis dental y factores asociados en estudiantes residentes de comunidades del estado de Guanajuato, México

El objetivo de este artículo es identificar la prevalencia de fluorosis dental y factores asociados a esta alteración, en estudiantes de comunidades de Guanajuato abastecidas de agua que excede la concentración óptima de fluoruro. Para esto, se realizó un estudio transversal en estudiantes de secundaria y preparatoria, a través de un cuestionario estructurado que recopilaba la edad, sexo, escolaridad de las madres, prácticas de uso de pasta dental y tipo de agua empleada y consumida. Se evaluó la presencia y gravedad de fluorosis dental ( FD ) y la experiencia de caries. Se registró peso, talla y porcentaje de grasa corporal. De los 402 sujetos incluidos, de una edad promedio de 15.7(±3.1), 56.7% del sexo femenino; la media del CPOD fue de 1.8 (±2.5), Cariados 1.4(±2.0), Perdidos 0.03(±0.2) y Obturados 0.42(±1.4). El 93% presentó FD , el 51.7% ≥TF6. Por otro lado, existió asociación entre el tipo de agua utilizada para cocinar y la presencia de FD . El nivel de escolaridad de la madre influyó como factor protector (RM=0.842) para evitar la presencia de fluorosis grave (TF≥6). Como conclusión se puede señalar que existe una alta prevalencia de FD , siendo la mayoría de los casos, moderados y graves. Esto resalta la urgencia de implementar en estas comunidades, estrategias que ayuden a disminuir dicha prevalencia en futuras generaciones