Situação atual dos centenários no município de Media Luna

Introduction: the life expectancy has increased with the passage of the years, reason why, the world is subject to an important population aging. Objective: to describe the current status of the centennial population of the Media Luna municipality in the period January - September 2018. Method: a descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out, with the objective of describing the current status of the centennial population of the Media Luna municipality in the period January - September 2018. The population consisted of 15 centenarian senior citizens that constitute the totality of the elderly with more than 100 years in the municipality. To obtain the information, the documentary analysis was used based on the review of cynical stories and medical records. In the processing of the information, the percentage calculation was used in the summary of the statistical information. Results: the predominance of the group of adults older than 100 to 102 years, with a majority of females and without cognitive impairment, with a functional evaluation of dependence at least for one activity and predominance of arterial hypertension as the underlying disease. Conclusions: there is a marked relationship between the existence of cognitive impairment and the presence of unfavorable emotional states as part of the affective-cognitive interrelation of the personality.  Introducción: la expectativa de vida ha aumentado con el paso de los años, por lo que, el mundo está sometido a un  importante envejecimiento poblacional.Objetivo: describir el estado actual de la población centenaria del municipio Media Luna en el período  enero - septiembre  de 2018.Método: se realizó  un estudio  descriptivo de corte transversal, con el objetivo de  describir el estado actual de la población centenaria del municipio Media Luna en el período  enero - septiembre  de 2018. La población estuvo conformada por  15  adultos mayores centenarios que constituyen la totalidad de los adultos mayores con más de 100 años en el municipio. Para la obtención de la información se empleó el análisis documental a partir de la revisión de historias cínicas y registros médicos. En el procesamiento de la información  se empleó  el cálculo porcentual en el resumen de la información estadística.Resultados: se destacaron el predominio del grupo de adultos mayores de 100 a 102 años, con mayoría del sexo femenino y  sin deterioro cognitivo, con una evaluación funcional de dependencia al menos para una actividad  y predominio de la hipertensión arterial como enfermedad de base.Conclusiones: existe una  marcada relación entre la existencia de deterioro cognitivo y la presencia de estados emocionales desfavorables como parte de la interrelación  afectivo-cognitivo de  la personalidad.Introdução: a expectativa de vida tem aumentado com o passar dos anos, pelo que, o mundo está sujeito a um importante envelhecimento populacional.Objetivo: descrever a situação atual da população centenária do município de Media Luna no período de janeiro a setembro de 2018.Método: Um estudo descritivo transversal foi realizado a fim de descrever o estado atual da população centenária do município Crescent no período de janeiro a setembro de 2018. A população foi composta por 15 idosos centenários são todos os idosos com mais de 100 anos no município. Para obter as informações, a análise documental foi utilizada com base na revisão de histórias cínicas e registros médicos. No processamento das informações, o cálculo percentual foi utilizado no resumo das informações estatísticas.Resultados: A prevalência de grupo de adultos com idades compreendidas entre 100-102 anos, a maioria mulheres sem comprometimento cognitivo, uma avaliação da dependência funcional para, pelo menos, uma actividade e prevalência da hipertensão como a doença subjacente foram destacados.Conclusões: há uma relação marcante entre a existência de comprometimento cognitivo e a presença de estados emocionais desfavoráveis como parte da inter-relação afetivo-cognitiva da personalidade.

Malas noticias: análisis de su tratamiento mediático e impacto en la nueva L.O. 1/2015 de reforma del Código Penal

Memoria ID-0026. Ayudas de la Universidad de Salamanca para la innovación docente, curso 2015-2016

Acupuncture to manage orofacial pain and tinnitus: Case report

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Orofacial pain is associated to soft and mineralized oral cavity and facial tissues. In dentistry, it may have or not odontogenic origin. Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) is the most common musculoskeletal orofacial pain and presents characteristic symptoms such as masticatory muscles pain, jaw movement limitation, joint noises, earache and tinnitus. Tinnitus is a term describing the perception of sound by human ears in the absence of external sounds and causes discomfort impairing quality of life. It may be a symptom indicating TMD especially when other symptoms are present, such as facial muscles pain. Due to etiologic variability, there are several therapeutic modalities, including acupuncture. This study aimed at reporting a case of a patient with orofacial pain and tinnitus treated with acupuncture and the results after treatment. CASE REPORT: Female patient, 32 years old, came to the Acupuncture Clinic of the School of Dentistry of Piracicaba (FOP/UNICAMP) complaining of facial muscle pain and pricking at the same side, acute right ear tinnitus, already with diagnosis of left ear hearing loss and with sleep disorders and stress. Patient was treated according to her energetic unbalance with 6 sessions of traditional acupuncture, for one week, lasting 20 minutes. To evaluate orofacial pain and tinnitus intensity, the visual analog scale (VAS) was used and was called initial VAS (pre-treatment) and final VAS (post-treatment). After the second session there has been improvement in orofacial pain and tinnitus symptoms. After the sixth session tinnitus had resolved. CONCLUSION: Acupuncture has induced muscle relaxation with benefits for masticatory and middle ear (tensor tympani) muscles, as well as levator palate muscle decreasing orofacial pain and tinnitus intensity.JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Dor orofacial é toda dor associada a tecidos moles e mineralizados da cavidade oral e da face. Na odontologia, podem ser de origem odontogênica e não odontogênica. A disfunção temporomandibular (DTM) é a dor orofacial musculoesquelética mais comum, apresenta sintomas característicos como dor nos músculos mastigatórios, limitação dos movimentos mandibulares, ruídos articulares, otalgia, tinido. Tinido (zumbido) é um termo que descreve a percepção de som no ouvido humano na ausência de som externo, causa de incômodo com prejuízo na qualidade de vida. Pode ser um sintoma indicativo de uma DTM principalmente quando estão presentes outros sintomas característicos da disfunção como dor nos músculos da face. Devido à variabilidade etiológica, encontram-se várias modalidades terapêuticas, incluindo a acupuntura. O objetivo deste estudo foi relatar o caso de uma paciente com dor orofacial e tinido tratada com acupuntura e seus resultados após o tratamento. RELATO DO CASO: Paciente do sexo feminino, 32 anos, compareceu a Clínica de Acupuntura da Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba (FOP/UNICAMP), com queixa de dor muscular na face e formigamento do mesmo lado, tinido agudo no ouvido direito, já com diagnóstico de surdez do ouvido esquerdo e apresentando distúrbios do sono e estresse. Foi tratada de acordo com seu desequilíbrio energético, em seis sessões de acupuntura tradicional, uma por semana, com duração de 20 minutos. Para avaliar a intensidade da dor orofacial e do tinido, utilizou-se a escala analógica visual (EAV), denominada EAV inicial (pré-tratamento) e EAV final (pós-tratamento). Após a segunda sessão, observou-se melhora nos sintomas da dor orofacial e do tinido, que deixou de se manifestar após a sexta sessão. CONCLUSÃO: Acupuntura propiciou o relaxamento da musculatura com benefícios para os músculos da mastigação e da musculatura da orelha média (tensor do tímpano), bem como do músculo elevador do palato, reduzindo a intensidade da dor orofacial e do tinido.22623

Expression and Association of Hsp70, Hsp90 and p53 Thermal Shock Proteins in Breast Cancer

Introducción: En México, el cáncer de mama es la primera causa de muerte en mujeres. En el desarrollo del cáncer de mama, participan las proteínas de estrés térmico (Hsp); En particular la Hsp27, Hsp70 y Hsp90 que aseguran la sobrevida de las células cancerosas, y en algunos casos de cáncer de mama, se forman complejos de Hsp70 y Hsp90 con p53. P53 interviene en la regulación del ciclo celular y en la apoptosis, donde más del 50% de los tumores humanos contiene mutaciones de este gen, permitiendo que las células anormales proliferen dando como resultado cáncer. Objetivo: Analizar en muestras de cáncer de mama, la expresión y asociación de las proteínas Hsp70, Hsp90 y P53. Material y métodos: Se obtuvieron 15 muestras de tejido mamario mediante biopsia y/o cirugía (11 con cáncer de mama, 3 alteraciones de la mama y 1 control negativo), donde se analizó la expresión y asociación de las proteínas Hsp70, 90 y p53 mediante inmunoprecipitación, Western Blot-ECL. Resultados: Las proteínas Hsp70, Hsp90 y p53 se expresaron en todas las muestras de tejido mamario canceroso, siendo mayor la expresión de Hsp70 seguido de p53 y en menor cantidad la Hsp90, y al analizar su asociación, se encontró a la Hsp70 con Hsp90 y p53, en 6 muestras. Así mismo, en alteraciones de la glándula mamaria, se encontró una mayor expresión de Hsp70. Conclusiones: Las proteínas Hsp70, Hsp90 y p53 se sobreexpresan en tejido canceroso, y se asocian entre ellas en 66.6% de las muestras analizadas

Virulence Genes and Phylogenetic Group in Isolates of Escherichia Coli Pathogenic Avian

Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) shares virulence attributes with strains of E. coli that cause extraintestinal infections in humans and it is considered that it could cause a zoonosis; therefore, the objective of this work was to determine prevalence in a group of APEC isolates of twelve genes associated with virulence as well as identifying the phylogenetic groups to which they belong. According to the results it was found that one of the isolates harbors 91.6% of the virulence genes analyzed and that most of these have between 7 and 8 of these genes. feoB and iss had the highest prevalence with 95.6% and the genes related to iron acquisition were present in more than 60% of APEC, while those of the ibeA invasin and vat toxin were those that were detected with the lowest prevalence The results showed the great genetic diversity of APEC isolates and suggest that bacterial systems of iron acquisition, as well as those related to resistance to host are fundamental virulence factors in these bacteria, however, the presence The rest of the virulence genes is important, since it provides valuable information for the development of vaccines against avian colibacilosis. It was determined that a high percentage of APEC belongs to the phylogenetic group B1 group from which mainly commensal and pathogenic E. coli strains derive, this result strengthens findings on the evolution of pathogens through the acquisition of virulence genes through the horizontal route.Escherichia coli patogénica aviar (APEC) comparte atributos de virulencia con cepas de E. coli causantes de infecciones extraintestinales en humanos y se considera que pudiera ocasionar una zoonosis por lo cual el objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar en un grupo de aislados de APEC la prevalencia de doce genes asociados a la virulencia así como identificar los grupos filogenéticos a los que pertenecen. De acuerdo a los resultados se encontró que uno de los aislados alberga el 91.6% de los genes de virulencia analizados y que la mayoría de estos tiene entre 7 y 8 de estos genes. feoB e iss tuvieron la mayor prevalencia con un 95.6% y los genes relacionados con la adquisición de hierro estuvieron presentes en más del 60% de APEC, mientras que los de la invasina ibeA y de la toxina vat fueron los que se detectaron con la menor prevalencia. Los resultados mostraron la gran diversidad genética de los aislados APEC y sugieren que los sistemas bacterianos de adquisición de hierro, así como los relacionados con la resistencia a los mecanismos de defensa del hospedero son factores de virulencia fundamentales en estas bacterias, sin embargo, la presencia del resto de genes de virulencia es importante, ya que proporciona información valiosa para el desarrollo de vacunas contra la colibacilosis aviar. Se determinó que un alto porcentaje de APEC pertenece al grupo filogenético B1 grupo del que derivan principalmente cepas de E. coli comensales y patogénicas intestinales, este resultado fortalece hallazgos sobre la evolución de patógenos a través de la adquisición de genes de virulencia mediante la vía horizontal

Plasma Gelsolin Reinforces the Diagnostic Value of FGF-21 and GDF-15 for Mitochondrial Disorders

Mitochondrial disorders (MD) comprise a group of heterogeneous clinical disorders for which non-invasive diagnosis remains a challenge. Two protein biomarkers have so far emerged for MD detection, FGF-21 and GDF-15, but the identification of additional biomarkers capable of improving their diagnostic accuracy is highly relevant. Previous studies identified Gelsolin as a regulator of cell survival adaptations triggered by mitochondrial defects. Gelsolin presents a circulating plasma isoform (pGSN), whose altered levels could be a hallmark of mitochondrial dysfunction. Therefore, we investigated the diagnostic performance of pGSN for MD relative to FGF-21 and GDF-15. Using ELISA assays, we quantified plasma levels of pGSN, FGF-21, and GDF-15 in three age- and gender-matched adult cohorts: 60 genetically diagnosed MD patients, 56 healthy donors, and 41 patients with unrelated neuromuscular pathologies (non-MD). Clinical variables and biomarkers’ plasma levels were compared between groups. Discrimination ability was calculated using the area under the ROC curve (AUC). Optimal cut-offs and the following diagnostic parameters were determined: sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, positive and negative likelihood ratios, and efficiency. Comprehensive statistical analyses revealed significant discrimination ability for the three biomarkers to classify between MD and healthy individuals, with the best diagnostic performance for the GDF-15/pGSN combination. pGSN and GDF-15 preferentially discriminated between MD and non-MD patients under 50 years, whereas FGF-21 best classified older subjects. Conclusion: pGSN improves the diagnosis accuracy for MD provided by FGF-21 and GDF-15

Treatment with tocilizumab or corticosteroids for COVID-19 patients with hyperinflammatory state: a multicentre cohort study (SAM-COVID-19)

Objectives: The objective of this study was to estimate the association between tocilizumab or corticosteroids and the risk of intubation or death in patients with coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) with a hyperinflammatory state according to clinical and laboratory parameters. Methods: A cohort study was performed in 60 Spanish hospitals including 778 patients with COVID-19 and clinical and laboratory data indicative of a hyperinflammatory state. Treatment was mainly with tocilizumab, an intermediate-high dose of corticosteroids (IHDC), a pulse dose of corticosteroids (PDC), combination therapy, or no treatment. Primary outcome was intubation or death; follow-up was 21 days. Propensity score-adjusted estimations using Cox regression (logistic regression if needed) were calculated. Propensity scores were used as confounders, matching variables and for the inverse probability of treatment weights (IPTWs). Results: In all, 88, 117, 78 and 151 patients treated with tocilizumab, IHDC, PDC, and combination therapy, respectively, were compared with 344 untreated patients. The primary endpoint occurred in 10 (11.4%), 27 (23.1%), 12 (15.4%), 40 (25.6%) and 69 (21.1%), respectively. The IPTW-based hazard ratios (odds ratio for combination therapy) for the primary endpoint were 0.32 (95%CI 0.22-0.47; p < 0.001) for tocilizumab, 0.82 (0.71-1.30; p 0.82) for IHDC, 0.61 (0.43-0.86; p 0.006) for PDC, and 1.17 (0.86-1.58; p 0.30) for combination therapy. Other applications of the propensity score provided similar results, but were not significant for PDC. Tocilizumab was also associated with lower hazard of death alone in IPTW analysis (0.07; 0.02-0.17; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Tocilizumab might be useful in COVID-19 patients with a hyperinflammatory state and should be prioritized for randomized trials in this situatio

Spatiotemporal Characteristics of the Largest HIV-1 CRF02_AG Outbreak in Spain: Evidence for Onward Transmissions

Background and Aim: The circulating recombinant form 02_AG (CRF02_AG) is the predominant clade among the human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) non-Bs with a prevalence of 5.97% (95% Confidence Interval-CI: 5.41–6.57%) across Spain. Our aim was to estimate the levels of regional clustering for CRF02_AG and the spatiotemporal characteristics of the largest CRF02_AG subepidemic in Spain.Methods: We studied 396 CRF02_AG sequences obtained from HIV-1 diagnosed patients during 2000–2014 from 10 autonomous communities of Spain. Phylogenetic analysis was performed on the 391 CRF02_AG sequences along with all globally sampled CRF02_AG sequences (N = 3,302) as references. Phylodynamic and phylogeographic analysis was performed to the largest CRF02_AG monophyletic cluster by a Bayesian method in BEAST v1.8.0 and by reconstructing ancestral states using the criterion of parsimony in Mesquite v3.4, respectively.Results: The HIV-1 CRF02_AG prevalence differed across Spanish autonomous communities we sampled from (p &lt; 0.001). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that 52.7% of the CRF02_AG sequences formed 56 monophyletic clusters, with a range of 2–79 sequences. The CRF02_AG regional dispersal differed across Spain (p = 0.003), as suggested by monophyletic clustering. For the largest monophyletic cluster (subepidemic) (N = 79), 49.4% of the clustered sequences originated from Madrid, while most sequences (51.9%) had been obtained from men having sex with men (MSM). Molecular clock analysis suggested that the origin (tMRCA) of the CRF02_AG subepidemic was in 2002 (median estimate; 95% Highest Posterior Density-HPD interval: 1999–2004). Additionally, we found significant clustering within the CRF02_AG subepidemic according to the ethnic origin.Conclusion: CRF02_AG has been introduced as a result of multiple introductions in Spain, following regional dispersal in several cases. We showed that CRF02_AG transmissions were mostly due to regional dispersal in Spain. The hot-spot for the largest CRF02_AG regional subepidemic in Spain was in Madrid associated with MSM transmission risk group. The existence of subepidemics suggest that several spillovers occurred from Madrid to other areas. CRF02_AG sequences from Hispanics were clustered in a separate subclade suggesting no linkage between the local and Hispanic subepidemics

Çédille, revista de estudios franceses

Presentació

Erratum: Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks for 195 countries and territories, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

Interpretation: By quantifying levels and trends in exposures to risk factors and the resulting disease burden, this assessment offers insight into where past policy and programme efforts might have been successful and highlights current priorities for public health action. Decreases in behavioural, environmental, and occupational risks have largely offset the effects of population growth and ageing, in relation to trends in absolute burden. Conversely, the combination of increasing metabolic risks and population ageing will probably continue to drive the increasing trends in non-communicable diseases at the global level, which presents both a public health challenge and opportunity. We see considerable spatiotemporal heterogeneity in levels of risk exposure and risk-attributable burden. Although levels of development underlie some of this heterogeneity, O/E ratios show risks for which countries are overperforming or underperforming relative to their level of development. As such, these ratios provide a benchmarking tool to help to focus local decision making. Our findings reinforce the importance of both risk exposure monitoring and epidemiological research to assess causal connections between risks and health outcomes, and they highlight the usefulness of the GBD study in synthesising data to draw comprehensive and robust conclusions that help to inform good policy and strategic health planning