Percentual de gordura corporal de jogadores de futebol

Introdução e Objetivo: O futebol é o esporte mais popular no Brasil. Quando praticado por equipes de alto desempenho é exigido das participantes condições pertinentes relativas ao estado físico, psicológico e técnico. Dentre os parâmetros físicos avaliados, o percentual de gordura corporal (%G) é de suma importância, pois permite verificar deficiências que possam interferir no desempenho do atleta. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo é avaliar o %G dos jogadores de futebol profissional. Materiais e Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo transversal, durante a temporada competitiva de futebol no mês de agosto de 2016. Dezesseis jogadores do sexo masculino foram submetidos a avaliação antropométricas de acordo com o método de sete pregas de Pollock. Discursão: Semelhante a estudos apresentados na literatura, foi observado neste estudo que não houve diferença do %G em relação a idade. Os atletas participantes da pesquisa apresentam o %G muito bom, como preconizado por Pollock (1979). Resultados e Conclusão: Embora os resultados não sejam estatisticamente significativos (p>0,05), observa-se que o goleiro é o atleta com a maior frequência de %G quando comparado com a posição tática dos outros jogadores. Além disso observa-se que, independentemente da idade, a grande maioria dos indivíduos foram classificados quanto a %G como muito bom (75%). A maioria dos jogadores apresentam percentual de gordura similar, não havendo diferenças entre as idades. O que pode remeter a uma boa performance em campo, uma vez que um %G dentro dos parâmetros torna-se necessário para êxito no esporte. ABSTRACT Body fat percentage of football playersIntroduction and Aim: Football is the most popular sport in Brazil. It is required a good physical, psychological and technical condition by participants, when practiced by high performance teams. Among the physical factors evaluated, the body fat percentage (%G) is very important, because to allow the control of deficiencies that interfere in the performance of the athlete. The purpose of this study was evaluating the %G of professional football players. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted during a competitive soccer season in August 2016. Sixteen male players were submitted to anthropometric evaluation according to the Pollock 7-skinfold method. Discursion: Similarly, to the literature studies, it was observed in this study that there was no significant difference in relation to age. The athletes participating in the study appear as a good example, as suggested by Pollock (1979). Results and Conclusion: There are no statistically significant results (p>0.05), however it is observed that the goalkeeper has a higher frequency of %G when compared to a soccer players of different positions. In addition, were observed regardless of the participants’ age that majority of individuals has %G as very good (75%). The most results are similar and no difference between ages and/or position was observed. This can lead to good performance in the field, since a %G inside the field becomes necessary for success in the sport

Photography-based taxonomy is inadequate, unnecessary, and potentially harmful for biological sciences

The question whether taxonomic descriptions naming new animal species without type specimen(s) deposited in collections should be accepted for publication by scientific journals and allowed by the Code has already been discussed in Zootaxa (Dubois & Nemésio 2007; Donegan 2008, 2009; Nemésio 2009a–b; Dubois 2009; Gentile & Snell 2009; Minelli 2009; Cianferoni & Bartolozzi 2016; Amorim et al. 2016). This question was again raised in a letter supported by 35 signatories published in the journal Nature (Pape et al. 2016) on 15 September 2016. On 25 September 2016, the following rebuttal (strictly limited to 300 words as per the editorial rules of Nature) was submitted to Nature, which on 18 October 2016 refused to publish it. As we think this problem is a very important one for zoological taxonomy, this text is published here exactly as submitted to Nature, followed by the list of the 493 taxonomists and collection-based researchers who signed it in the short time span from 20 September to 6 October 2016

Percentual de gordura corporal de jogadores de futebol

Introduction and Aim: Football is the most popular sport in Brazil. It is required a good physical, psychological and technical condition by participants, when practiced by high performance teams. Among the physical factors evaluated, the body fat percentage (%G) is very important, because to allow the control of deficiencies that interfere in the performance of the athlete. The purpose of this study was evaluating the %G of professional football players. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted during a competitive soccer season in August 2016. Sixteen male players were submitted to anthropometric evaluation according to the Pollock 7-skinfold method. Discursion: Similarly, to the literature studies, it was observed in this study that there was no significant difference in relation to age. The athletes participating in the study appear as a good example, as suggested by Pollock (1979). Results and Conclusion: There are no statistically significant results (p>0.05), however it is observed that the goalkeeper has a higher frequency of %G when compared to a soccer player of different positions. In addition, were observed regardless of the participants’ age that majority of individuals has %G as very good (75%). The most results are similar and no difference between ages and/or position was observed. This can lead to good performance in the field, since a %G inside the field becomes necessary for success in the sport.Introdução e Objetivo: O futebol é o esporte mais popular no Brasil. Quando praticado por equipes de alto desempenho é exigido das participantes condições pertinentes relativas ao estado físico, psicológico e técnico. Dentre os parâmetros físicos avaliados, o percentual de gordura corporal (%G) é de suma importância, pois permite verificar deficiências que possam interferir no desempenho do atleta. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo é avaliar o %G dos jogadores de futebol profissional. Materiais e Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo transversal, durante a temporada competitiva de futebol no mês de agosto de 2016. Dezesseis jogadores do sexo masculino foram submetidos a avaliação antropométricas de acordo com o método de sete pregas de Pollock. Discursão: Semelhante a estudos apresentados na literatura, foi observado neste estudo que não houve diferença do %G em relação a idade. Os atletas participantes da pesquisa apresentam o %G muito bom, como preconizado por Pollock (1979). Resultados e Conclusão: Embora os resultados não sejam estatisticamente significativos (p>0,05), observa-se que o goleiro é o atleta com a maior frequência de %G quando comparado com a posição tática dos outros jogadores. Além disso observa-se que, independentemente da idade, a grande maioria dos indivíduos foram classificados quanto a %G como muito bom (75%). A maioria dos jogadores apresentam percentual de gordura similar, não havendo diferenças entre as idades. O que pode remeter a uma boa performance em campo, uma vez que um %G dentro dos parâmetros torna-se necessário para êxito no esporte.

NEOTROPICAL XENARTHRANS: a data set of occurrence of xenarthran species in the Neotropics

Xenarthrans—anteaters, sloths, and armadillos—have essential functions for ecosystem maintenance, such as insect control and nutrient cycling, playing key roles as ecosystem engineers. Because of habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting pressure, and conflicts with domestic dogs, these species have been threatened locally, regionally, or even across their full distribution ranges. The Neotropics harbor 21 species of armadillos, 10 anteaters, and 6 sloths. Our data set includes the families Chlamyphoridae (13), Dasypodidae (7), Myrmecophagidae (3), Bradypodidae (4), and Megalonychidae (2). We have no occurrence data on Dasypus pilosus (Dasypodidae). Regarding Cyclopedidae, until recently, only one species was recognized, but new genetic studies have revealed that the group is represented by seven species. In this data paper, we compiled a total of 42,528 records of 31 species, represented by occurrence and quantitative data, totaling 24,847 unique georeferenced records. The geographic range is from the southern United States, Mexico, and Caribbean countries at the northern portion of the Neotropics, to the austral distribution in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. Regarding anteaters, Myrmecophaga tridactyla has the most records (n = 5,941), and Cyclopes sp. have the fewest (n = 240). The armadillo species with the most data is Dasypus novemcinctus (n = 11,588), and the fewest data are recorded for Calyptophractus retusus (n = 33). With regard to sloth species, Bradypus variegatus has the most records (n = 962), and Bradypus pygmaeus has the fewest (n = 12). Our main objective with Neotropical Xenarthrans is to make occurrence and quantitative data available to facilitate more ecological research, particularly if we integrate the xenarthran data with other data sets of Neotropical Series that will become available very soon (i.e., Neotropical Carnivores, Neotropical Invasive Mammals, and Neotropical Hunters and Dogs). Therefore, studies on trophic cascades, hunting pressure, habitat loss, fragmentation effects, species invasion, and climate change effects will be possible with the Neotropical Xenarthrans data set. Please cite this data paper when using its data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using these data

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data