The Competence of Translation Major Students' at Al-Zaytoonah University in Translating Cultural Idiomatic Expressions

This study aimed at investigating the level of translation competence among students of Al Zaytoonah University, it also investigates the effect of their academic level and gender on their translation competence. The sample consisted of (44) male and female students in Al Zaytoonah University. The researcher developed a translation competence scale which consisted in the initial form of (34) paragraphs. In order to answer the questions of the study, the means, standard deviations, two way ANOVA (2×4), and correlation coefficients were computed. The results of the study revealed that the level of translation competence of university students was moderate. Also, the results revealed that there is a statistically significant difference in translation competence due to academic level. In addition, the results of the study revealed that translation competence was significantly positively related to the use translation strategies. Keywords: Translation competence, Translation Strategies, University Student

Legal Status of the Lawyer-Director: Avoiding Ethical Misconduct

There is a long-standing practice of attorneys accepting positions as corporate directors, roles that to a large degree are indicative of professional accomplishment. Accepting a position on a corporation\u27s board of directors is enticing for lawyers since they may enjoy the opportunity to influence corporate decisions in the business arena. Additionally, lawyers are prime candidates for directorships because they are uniquely qualified to assess business issues from a legal standpoint. In fact, it is common practice both in the past and today for attorneys to assume the dual role of both attorney and director. Corporate clients continuously request that lawyers not only sit on the board of directors but also serve the corporation as its attorney. However, assuming the dual role of both lawyer and director undoubtedly raises ethical concerns. This article examines the dual role of attorney-director, and the ethical dilemmas that inevitably result from the practice

Financialization and the household

Finance and the household are a pair that has not received sufficient attention. As a system, finance joins citizens, states, and global markets through the connections of kinship and residence. Householders use loans, investments, and assets to craft, reproduce, attenuate, and sever social connections and to elevate or maintain their class position. Householders’ social creativity fuels borrowing, making them the target of banks and other lenders. In pursuit of their own agendas, however, householders strategically deploy financial tools and techniques, sometimes mimicking and sometimes challenging their requirements. Writing against the financialization of daily life framework, which implies a one-way, top-down intrusion of the market into intimate relations, we explore how householders use finance within systems of obligation that structure lives. Financial and household value are not opposed, we argue. Acts of conversion between them produce care for the self and others and refashion inherited duties. Social aspiration for connection and freedom is an essential force in both financial lives and institutions

To Excel at bridewealth, or ceremonies of Office

At a bridewealth payment made at the start of a wedding in Papua New Guinea the groom diligently kept a note of contributions from relatives and co-workers. The next day he used one of his employer’s computers to compile an Excel spreadsheet that detailed all the guests, what each one brought, and, in a separate column, its value in money. Turning people's gifts into nominal amounts of money helped register these into an enduring electronic form. The spreadsheet – an all-too-familiar tool of enumeration – gave the groom a record of transactions going forward. Papua New Guinea is most often known for the widespread emphasis placed on gift giving, large prestations important especially in the making of the Big Men, which are based on the belief in the high status of the giver and the onus of reciprocity. Today spreadsheets permit transactions to be analysed in a very different way, namely in terms of currency-like properties, allowing Papua New Guineans to understand, tap into and ultimately control the powers of money that echo current debates about the manipulation of big data.ESRC, Royal Anthropological InstituteThis is the author accepted manuscript. It is currently under an indefinite embargo pending publication by Wiley

Reproducing the City of London’s institutional landscape: the role of education and the learning of situated practices by early career elites

In this paper we argue that postgraduate education forms an important, but hitherto neglected, element in the distinctive institutional landscape of the City of London. In particular, and drawing on research into early-career financial and legal elites in the City, we show how postgraduate education tailored to the demands of employers within London plays an important role in indoctrinating early-career elites into situated, Cityspecific, working practices and, in so doing, helps to sustain the City’s cultures and norms of financial practice. Specifying the role of postgraduate education in reproducing these situated City practices is significant because, although geographical variegation in working practices between international financial centres has been widely reported, less attention has been paid to how such institutionally embedded differences are created and sustained. By identifying education as one mechanism of creation and sustenance, our analysis enhances understanding of how the institutional landscapes that underlie financial centres might be maintained or, when necessary, challenged; challenge being significant in relation to attempts to reform practices and cultures in international financial centres in the wake of the 2007–08 crisis

Close communications: Hedge funds, brokers and the emergence of herding

We examine how communication, evaluation and decision-making practices among competing market actors contribute to the establishment of herding and whether this has impact on market wide phenomena such as prices and risk. Data is collected from interviews and observations with hedge fund industry participants in Europe, the United States and Asia. We examine both contemporaneous and biographical data, finding that decision making relies on an elaborate two-tiered structure of connections among hedge fund managers and between them and brokers. This structure is underpinned by idea sharing and development between competing hedge funds leading to ‘expertisebased’ herding and an increased probability of over-embeddedness. We subsequently present a case study demonstrating the role that communication between competing hedge funds plays in the creation of herding and show that such trades affect prices by introducing an additional risk: the disregarding of information from sources outside the trusted connections

Beyond risk: Emplacement and the production of environmental evidence

I offer a counterpoint to the prevailing risk literature that focuses not on (mis)perceptions of danger but on the production and circulation of different forms of evidence and the environmental claims they promote. Rather than reproduce the epistemic dichotomies associated with risk discourse, I discuss attempts by waste-industry technicians, government inspectors, lawyers, area residents, and activists to generate persuasive accounts of a large, U.S. landfill and its porous boundaries. I argue that the differential influence of their various claims is best understood by examining what it means to know and care for a place

Speculative futures at the bottom of the pyramid

Celebrated as creative, flexible catalysts of inclusive capitalism, urban youth are central to bottom‐of‐the‐pyramid (BoP) models of development, which set out to repurpose the jobless as entrepreneurs in the making. We explore the multiple (at times conflicting) temporalities – the practices, technologies, and representations of time – which figure in a BoP initiative offering entrepreneurial opportunities to unemployed youth in Nairobi's slums: from the invocation of clock‐time discipline to the professional time of entrepreneurial subjectivities and the enchantments of the not‐yet. But the appeal of BoP, we suggest, does not turn either on the here‐and‐now of survival or on an impossible pipe dream of prosperity, but rather resides firmly in the medium term: a foreseeable future of modest desires, which nonetheless remain tantalizingly just out of reach for most. By examining how these temporal conflicts play out in attempts to fashion a cadre of self‐willed, aspiring entrepreneurs, we reveal the limits to entrepreneurial agency, and the contradictions inherent in the mission of (self‐)empowerment through enterprise upon which the ideology of inclusive markets is built

Tilly's Technical Accounts and Standard Stories Explored in Financial Markets:The Case of the Istanbul Stock Exchange

In this article, I follow the lead opened up by Tilly (1999, 2002) who was interested in people's storytelling. I do so by looking at sense-making and the legitimacy narratives of market actors in the Istanbul Stock Exchange. Tilly (2006, 2008) himself walked the narrative path and investigated Why and how people give reasons and how people attribute Credit and Blame to other's actions. These books provide insights into people's storytelling in the everyday situations of the home, courtrooms, hospitals, and so on. Nevertheless, Tilly's faith in the prevalence of technical accounts as modes of explanation in intra and inter organisational settings, and superior stories as mode of communication between expert givers and non-specialized receivers, seems to ignore informational uncertainties, intra and inter organisational hierarchies and conflicts pertinent to organisations. It is these factors that push standard stories (Tilly, 1999) into the forefront at the expense of technical stories within the story exchanges of market actors. I demonstrate this by presenting a sample of story exchanges from the Istanbul Stock Exchange under situations of informational uncertainties and organisational conflicts