Estudio in vivo del sistema ubiquitina proteasoma en modelos animales de la enfermedad de Huntington

Tesis doctoral inédita. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Biología Molecular. Fecha de lectura: 12-02-201

Intelligence quotient, short-term memory and study habits as academic achievement predictors of elementary school: A follow-up study

Few studies have explored the differential contribution of general intelligence, short-term memory and study habits has on academic achievement during elementary school, especially during a two-year follow-up. The aim of this study is to determine whether there is a relationship between intelligence quotient (IQ), short-term memory and study habits and their ability to predict the academic achievement of children in elementary school (74 pupils aged 8–9 years old). The instruments used are the General and Factorial Intelligence Test (GFI-3 revised), the Yuste Memory Test (MY), the Study Habits and Techniques Questionnaire (SHTQ) and the average score obtained in the final exams in both 3rd and 4th grade. IQ, short-term memory and study habits are significantly related to academic achievement. These variables can predict 56–59 % (p < .001) of the variability of academic achievement. The study concludes that IQ and study habits are two significant predictor variables of academic achievement

Boys-Specific Text-Comprehension Enhancement With Dual Visual-Auditory Text Presentation Among 12–14 Years-Old Students

Quality of language comprehension determines performance in all kinds of activities including academics. Processing of words initially develops as auditory, and gradually extends to visual as children learn to read. School failure is highly related to listening and reading comprehension problems. In this study we analyzed sex-differences in comprehension of texts in Spanish (standardized reading test PROLEC-R) in three modalities (visual, auditory, and both simultaneously: dual-modality) presented to 12–14-years old students, native in Spanish. We controlled relevant cognitive variables such as attention (d2), phonological and semantic fluency (FAS) and speed of processing (WISC subtest Coding). Girls’ comprehension was similar in the three modalities of presentation, however boys were importantly benefited by dual-modality as compared to boys exposed only to visual or auditory text presentation. With respect to the relation of text comprehension and school performance, students with low grades in Spanish showed low auditory comprehension. Interestingly, visual and dual modalities preserved comprehension levels in these low skilled students. Our results suggest that the use of visual-text support during auditory language presentation could be beneficial for low school performance students, especially boys, and encourage future research to evaluate the implementation in classes of the rapidly developing technology of simultaneous speech transcription, that could be, in addition, beneficial to non-native students, especially those recently incorporated into school or newly arrived in a country from abroad.This project was funded by the Universidad Internacional de la Rioja grant to all authors (Proyecto Retos de Investigación B0036-1819). Additional resources came from Universidad de Alicante (to RS)

Synthesis of 5-substituted 2-pyrrolidinones by coupling of organozinc reagents with cyclic N-acyliminium ions

En el presente trabajo se describe un procedimiento simple y fácil para la preparación de pirrolidinonas 5-sustituidas a partir de un acoplamiento entre iones N-aciliminio y reactivos organometálicos derivados de zincA coupling reaction between cyclic N-acyliminium ions with organozinc reagents is described. The cyclic N-acyliminium ions, generated in situ from N-substituted-5-hydroxy-2-pyrrolidinones by treatment with BF3-etherate or titanium tetrachloride, were trapped by the organozinc reagent, formed by the alkylbromide in the presence of zinc in the same reaction media. The N-substituted 5-allyl-2-pyrrolidinones generated using this method, serves as versatile intermediates for the synthesis of azabicyclic systems with indolizidine and pyrroloazepinolizidine cores

Aplicación de las Buenas Prácticas de almacenamiento para mejorar la productividad en el área de almacén de los fármacos del Consorcio Medico LM S.A.C., Lima, 2022

La presente tesis titulada “Aplicación de las Buenas Prácticas de Almacenamiento para mejorar la productividad en el almacén de fármacos del Consorcio Medico LM S.A.C.”. Tuvo como objetivo de investigación determinar cómo las BPA (Buenas Prácticas de Almacenamiento) mejora la productividad en el almacén de fármacos del Consorcio Medico LM S.AC. En el diagnóstico realizado al almacén de fármacos se encontró problemas de servicio en tema de despacho de productos farmacéuticos y las causas fueron: ineficiencia en la capacitación del BPA, no había control de inventario, la distribución de productos era ineficientes, no había procedimientos de trabajo y manual de funciones y por último no había indicadores, como inferencia el área presentaba baja productividad en el almacén de fármacos y por tal motivo era necesario aplicar la mejora en la empresa Consorcio Medico LM S.A.C. El tipo de investigación que se realizó en este trabajo fue de tipo aplicada con datos cuantitativo y con diseño cuasiexperimental con un grupo y con un nivel explicativo; la población estudiada es la documentación del almacén de fármacos, comprendido en un tiempo de 28 días pretest y 28 días post- test, incluyendo todos los días, sean festivos o no en la implementación de las BPA; los instrumentos aplicados en esta tesis fueron: ficha de productividad, eficiencia y eficacia en la variable de productividad y en la variable del BPA, ficha de exactitud de inventario, ficha de chequeo de BPA, y rotación de inventario. Los datos obtenidos al culminar la investigación incrementaron en la productividad con 13.83%, en la eficiencia con 6.75% y eficacia en 5.75%. La investigación resulta factible luego del análisis económico con un TIR a los 12 meses de 41% y VAN en S/. 31,528.38 soles

El silenciamiento de la proteína priónica celular (PrPC) mediante RNA de interferencia (siRNA) reduce la infección por HSV-1 y HSV-2 en células SK-SY5Y

The transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) are neurodegenerative and fatal diseases, affecting humans and some other animal species. The most accepted hypothesis suggests that the infectious agent, named “prion”, is composed mainly by the prion protein scrapie (PrPSc) and it corresponds to an abnormal conformation of a host encoded protein, the cellular prion protein (PrPC), which function is still unknown. However, the ubiquitous expression of PrPC and its highly conserved presence among different species suggests it has a very important role in cell functions. In this work, the PrPC in different cell types, including a primary fish cell culture (Oreochromis spp.), was detected. In addition, based on the human PrPC sequence, we designed a short interfering RNA (siRNA) to silence the PRNP gen in neuronal SK-SY5Y cells. The designed siRNA inhibited the PrPC expression along 96 hours posttransfection and the silenced cells were less susceptible to HSV-1 and HSV-2 infections, in comparison to non siRNA-transfected cells.Las encefalopatías espongiformes transmisibles (EETs) son enfermedades neurodegenerativas fatales que afectan a humanos y ciertas especies animales. La hipótesis más aceptada indica que el agente infeccioso, denotado como prion y compuesto principalmente por la Proteína Priónica Scrapie (PrPSc), corresponde a una conformación anormal de una proteína codificada por el huésped denominada Proteína Priónica Celular (PrPC), cuya función es aún desconocida; sin embargo, la expresión ubicua de PrPC así como su elevado grado de conservación entre especies, sugieren un papel importante para esta proteína. En este trabajo se detectó a la PrPC en diferentes tipos celulares incluyendo un cultivo primario de células de peces (Tilapia, Oreochromis spp.). Además, basándonos en la secuencia de la PrPC humana, se diseñó un RNA de interferencia (siRNA) con el fin de silenciar el gen PRNP en células neuronales SK-SY5Y. El siRNA diseñado inhibió la expresión de PrPC a lo largo de las 96 h post-transfección y las células silenciadas fueron menos susceptibles a la infección por HSV-1 y HSV-2, en comparación con células no transfectadas con el siRNA

Opportunities for antibiotic optimisation and outcome improvement in patients with negative blood cultures: study protocol for a cluster-­randomised crossover trial, the NO-­BACT study.

Introduction Patients with negative blood cultures (BCx) represent 85%–90% of all patients with BCx taken during hospital admission. This population usually includes a heterogeneous group of patients admitted with infectious diseases or febrile syndromes that require a blood culture. There is very little evidence of the clinical characteristics and antibiotic treatment given to these patients. Methods and analysis In a preliminary exploratory prospective cohort study of patients with BCx taken, the clinical/therapeutic characteristics and outcomes/ antimicrobial stewardship opportunities of a population of patients with negative BCx will be analysed. In the second phase, using a cluster randomised crossover design, the implementation of an antimicrobial stewardship intervention targeting patients with negative BCx will be evaluated in terms of quality of antimicrobial use (duration and de-escalation), length of hospital stay and mortality. Ethics and dissemination This study has been and registered with clinicaltrials.gov. The findings of our study may support the implementation in clinical practice of an antimicrobial stewardship intervention to optimise the use of antibiotics in patients with negative BCx. The results of this study will be published in peer-reviewed journals and disseminated at national and international conferences. Trial registration number NCT03535324.Instituto de Salud Carlos III PI17 / 01809Plataforma Española de Investigación Clínica y Ensayos Clínicos, SCReN (Red Española de Investigación Clínica), financiada por la Subdirección General de Evaluación y Promoción de la Investigación ISCIII: PT17 / 0017/0012. Cofinanciado por el Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER)

Striatal-Enriched Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Expression and Activity in Huntington's Disease: A STEP in the Resistance to Excitotoxicity

Striatal-enriched protein tyrosine phosphatase (STEP) is highly expressed in striatal projection neurons, the neuronal population most affected in Huntington's disease. Here, we examined STEP expression and phosphorylation, which regulates its activity, in N-terminal exon-1 and full-length mutant huntingtin mouse models. R6/1 mice displayed reduced STEP protein levels in the striatum and cortex, whereas its phosphorylation was increased in the striatum, cortex, and hippocampus. The early increase in striatal STEP phosphorylation levels correlated with a deregulation of the protein kinase A pathway, and decreased calcineurin activity at later stages further contributes to an enhancement of STEP phosphorylation and inactivation. Accordingly, we detected an accumulation of phosphorylated ERK2 and p38, two targets of STEP, in R6/1 mice striatum at advanced stages of the disease. Activation of STEP participates in excitotoxic-induced cell death. Because Huntington's disease mouse models develop resistance to excitotoxicity, we analyzed whether decreased STEP activity was involved in this process. After intrastriatal quinolinic acid (QUIN) injection, we detected higher phosphorylated STEP levels in R6/1 than in wild-type mice, suggesting that STEP inactivation could mediate neuroprotection in R6/1 striatum. In agreement, intrastriatal injection of TAT-STEP increased QUIN-induced cell death. R6/2, Tet/HD94, and Hdh(Q7/Q111) mice striatum also displayed decreased STEP protein and increased phosphorylation levels. In Tet/HD94 mice striatum, mutant huntingtin transgene shutdown reestablished STEP expression. In conclusion, the STEP pathway is severely downregulated in the presence of mutant huntingtin and may participate in compensatory mechanisms activated by striatal neurons that lead to resistance to excitotoxicity

La imagen y la narración como herramientas para el abordaje psicosocial en escenario de violencia. Departamento Boyacá

Este trabajo final del diplomado comprende los temas que se trataron a lo largo del mismo, es así que encontramos el análisis del caso Modesto Pacaya, en donde se narra los acontecimientos de un hombre que fue víctima de la violencia, en la que se ve sumergido nuestro país gracias a los grupos al margen de la ley, de esta forma se resuelven algunas interrogantes que quedan en nuestro pensamiento acerca de la reinserción de un ex guerrillero, enmarcando la resiliencia que mostro este señor durante su proceso de reclutamiento y cada adversidad que le toco vivir en las filas de la guerrilla, identificando esta problemática en preguntas estratégicas, reflexivas y circulares, de igual forma se enmarca el caso de Peñas Coloradas en donde se observa la dificultades por las que pasan los pobladores de diferentes regiones de Colombia, no es solo el caso en particular que cuenta específicamente los hechos que desencadenaron problemáticas sociales y personales dentro de los habitantes de Peñas Coloradas, da cuenta de una realidad de violencia y desigualdad en la que viven millones de familias del territorio Colombiano, seguidamente se presentan las acciones que se pueden desarrollar desde la psicología para fortalecer y mejorar las capacidades de las víctimas de estas comunidades, lo anterior es solo una pequeña muestra de los diferentes tipos de violencia que se presentan en las comunidades, es por esta razón que se presenta el foto voz por el cual logramos identificar de una manera más amplia y más profunda a través de ilustraciones e imágenes los diferentes tipos de violencia, y como esta afecta la salud mental.This final work of the diploma includes the topics that were discussed throughout it, is that how we find the analysis of the Modesto Pacaya case, where the events of a man who was a victim of violence, in which our country is immersed thanks to the groups outside the law, of this way some questions that remain in our thinking about the reinsertion of a former guerrilla are resolved, framing the resilience that this man showed during his recruitment process and every adversity that he had to live in the ranks of the guerrilla. Identifying this problem in strategic, reflective and circular questions, of the same way, the case of Peñas Coloradas is framed, where the difficulties experienced by the inhabitants of different regions of Colombia are observed, it's not only the particular case that specifically tells of the events that unleashed social and personal problems within the inhabitants of Peñas Coloradas, tells us of a reality of violence and inequality in which millions of families of the Colombian territory live, next the actions that can be developed from psychology to strengthen and improve the capacities of each of the victims of these communities are presented, the above is just a small sample of the different types of violence that occur in communities, it's for this reason that the photo voice is presented by which we can identify in a broader and deeper way through illustrations and images the different types of violence, and how it affects mental health