Improved electro-assisted removal of phosphates and nitrates using mesoporous carbon aerogels with controlled porosity

Three-activated carbon aerogels were synthesized by CO2 activation of the materials prepared by the polycondensation of resorcinol and formaldehyde mixtures followed by supercritical drying. The obtained carbon aerogels were characterized and used as electrode materials for the electrosorption of sodium phosphate and nitrate. X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy showed the dependence of the structural ordering of the aerogels with the resorcinol/catalyst ratio and the extent of activation. The electrosorption capacitance evaluated by cyclic voltammetry revealed large values for the activated samples containing a large contribution of mesopores, regardless the electrolyte salt. Due to an adequate combination of chemical and porous features, the desalting capacity of the activated carbon aerogel electrodes exceeded that of the as-prepared materials. The evaluation of the kinetic properties by chronocoulometric relaxation and impedance spectroscopy showed a decrease of time constant and resistances for highly mesoporous activated samples. A high deionization capacity and fast electrode discharge was detected for the deionization of sodium nitrate on the highly mesoporous activated aerogel. Data also showed the efficient electrosorption of ionic species on consecutive charge/discharge cycles, confirming the stability of the aerogel electrodes at the high applied potentials.The authors are indebted to the MICINN (Contract IPT-2011-1450-310000 (ADECAR), and CTM2011/23378) for the financial support. We also thank the fruitful collaboration of Isolux Ingeniería, S.A., Fundación Imdea Energia and Proingesa.Peer reviewe

Mn-Containing N-Doped Monolithic Carbon Aerogels with Enhanced Macroporosity as Electrodes for Capacitive Deionization

We propose the use of siliceous diatomite as an antishrinkage additive for the synthesis of monolithic carbon aerogel electrodes with enhanced electrochemical response for capacitive deionization of NaCl solutions. Hybrid N- and Mn-doped carbon aerogels with improved electrical conductivity and wettability in the aqueous electrolyte are prepared by introducing modifications in the synthesis (carbon black and/or diatomite loading before the polymerization sol–gel polycondensation of the monomers, followed by manganese infiltration). The textural and morphological characterizations of the materials reveal that the presence of the additives does not impede the cross-linking of the monomers to form branched clusters and colloidal aggregates leading to a highly porous structure. Furthermore, the aerogel materials display an open macroporous network inherited by the diatomite, even after its lixiviation. As a result, the monolithic carbon aerogel electrodes present good electrochemical performance in terms of low polarization resistance, high capacitance, and fast electroadsorption.The authors are indebted to the MINECO (Contract IPT-2011-1450-310000 (ADECAR) and FEDER cofunding, and CTM2014-56770-R) for the financial support. We also thank the fruitful collaboration of Isolux Ingeniería, S.A., Fundación Imdea Energía and Proingesa.University of Cordoba thanks to SCAI and IUIQFN for technical support and Junta de Andalucía (FQM-288) for financial support.Peer reviewe

Synthesis of Porous and Mechanically Compliant Carbon Aerogels Using Conductive and Structural Additives

We report the synthesis of conductive and mechanically compliant monolithic carbon aerogels prepared by sol-gel polycondensation of melamine-resorcinol-formaldehyde (MRF) mixtures by incorporating diatomite and carbon black additives. The resulting aerogels composites displayed a well-developed porous structure, confirming that the polymerization of the precursors is not impeded in the presence of either additive. The aerogels retained the porous structure after etching off the siliceous additive, indicating adequate cross-linking of the MRF reactants. However, the presence of diatomite caused a significant fall in the pore volumes, accompanied by coarsening of the average pore size (predominance of large mesopores and macropores). The diatomite also prevented structural shrinkage and deformation of the as-prepared monoliths upon densification by carbonization, even after removal of the siliceous framework. The rigid pristine aerogels became more flexible upon incorporation of the diatomite, favoring implementation of binderless monolithic aerogel electrodes.This work was partially funded by the Spanish MINECO (CTM2014/56770-R, IPT-2011-1450-310000 ADECAR) and Junta de Andalucía (FQM288). The help of D.L. García in the preparation of the specimens is greatly appreciated. C.O.A. thanks the financial support of the European Research Council through a Consolidator Grant (ERC-CoG-648161-PHOROSOL).Peer reviewe

Synthesis of Porous and Mechanically Compliant Carbon Aerogels Using Conductive and Structural Additives

We report the synthesis of conductive and mechanically compliant monolithic carbon aerogels prepared by sol-gel polycondensation of melamine-resorcinol-formaldehyde (MRF) mixtures by incorporating diatomite and carbon black additives. The resulting aerogels composites displayed a well-developed porous structure, confirming that the polymerization of the precursors is not impeded in the presence of either additive. The aerogels retained the porous structure after etching off the siliceous additive, indicating adequate cross-linking of the MRF reactants. However, the presence of diatomite caused a significant fall in the pore volumes, accompanied by coarsening of the average pore size (predominance of large mesopores and macropores). The diatomite also prevented structural shrinkage and deformation of the as-prepared monoliths upon densification by carbonization, even after removal of the siliceous framework. The rigid pristine aerogels became more flexible upon incorporation of the diatomite, favoring implementation of binderless monolithic aerogel electrodes

Consistencia y fluctuación de los estados de ánimo en un equipo de fútbol profesional durante una competición de play off

The purpose of this paper is to describe a football team's mood processes during competitions through the administration of specific measures. A second division (level B) Spanish football team (Rayo Vallecano SAD, Madrid, Spain) was evaluated by means of the short Spanish version (15 items, Fuentes, García-Merita, Meliá and Balaguer, 1995) of the Profile of Mood State (POMS, MacNair, Lorr and Droppelmann, 1971), four times during the play-off phase (after the end of the regular season) to move on to a higher level during the 2006-07 Spanish Professional Soccer League season (level 2A). The results showed the absence of significant differences in the scores on the POMS' five scales (Depression, Vigour, Anger, Fatigue and Tension) recorded before the four play-off matches, meaning the existence of a consistency in the team's mood states during the whole phase of the play-off and the absence of significant fluctuations in mood mediumlasting processes. Despite that, the POMS' graphic averages displayed several patterns related to different scales. We suggest that the proposed method is useful in studying athletes' and teams' cognitive-emotional processes during specific types of ongoing competitions, as they ensure high ecological validity and provide information for more effective interventions tailor-made for teams

Influence of Craniosacral Therapy on Anxiety, Depression and Quality of Life in Patients with Fibromyalgia

Fibromyalgia is considered as a combination of physical, psychological and social disabilities. The causes of pathologic mechanism underlying fibromyalgia are unknown, but fibromyalgia may lead to reduced quality of life. The objective of this study was to analyze the repercussions of craniosacral therapy on depression, anxiety and quality of life in fibromyalgia patients with painful symptoms. An experimental, double-blind longitudinal clinical trial design was undertaken. Eighty-four patients diagnosed with fibromyalgia were randomly assigned to an intervention group (craniosacral therapy) or placebo group (simulated treatment with disconnected ultrasound). The treatment period was 25 weeks. Anxiety, pain, sleep quality, depression and quality of life were determined at baseline and at 10 minutes, 6 months and 1-year post-treatment. State anxiety and trait anxiety, pain, quality of life and Pittsburgh sleep quality index were significantly higher in the intervention versus placebo group after the treatment period and at the 6-month follow-up. However, at the 1-year follow-up, the groups only differed in the Pittsburgh sleep quality index. Approaching fibromyalgia by means of craniosacral therapy contributes to improving anxiety and quality of life levels in these patients

DESARROLLO DE UNA PINTURA ACUOSA MICROBICIDA PARA EVITAR LAS INFECTACIONES VIA SUPERFICIES DE CONTACTO

This research develops a microbicidal aqueous paint to prevent infections on high-touch surfaces. Based on the experimental tests, two chemical formulations were proposed consisting of an acrylic latex resin, silicone resin, titanium oxide, zinc omazide, copper oxide nanoparticles and additives. Th e results showed that the formulation 2 paint presented good homogenization, gloss and stability, its average drying time is 30 min, it has adequate metal coating thickness (49.2 μm) and viscosity (60 s in Ford No. 4 cup), according to the standards ASTM D 1186 01 and ASTM D 1200, respectively; Based on these characteristics, it is considered to be of acceptable quality. Th e bioassays carried out with bacteria of Staphylococcus aureus Rosenbach, 1884 and Escherichia coli (Escherich, 1885) by the incorporation method, showed that the two formulations have antifungal and antimicrobial properties. n determining the antifungal eff ect of environmental fungi such as Penicillium sp, Aspergillus sp. (fi lamentous fungi) and Rodotorula sp. (yeast) in formulation 1 up to the 1/106 dilution no growth is observed and in formulation 2 it did not grow until the last dilution that was used (1/1010). It is concluded that its use in the painting of high contact surfaces would be effi cient to avoid infections by bacteria suchas S. aureus and E. coli. In the toxicity test of the paint of both formulations, we can say that from 37 ug it inhibits 50% of cell growth, which we can deduce that there is an effect on prokaryotes such as bacteria. It is recommended to continue bioassays to expand their study with other bacteria, fungi and parasites.La presente investigación desarrolla una pintura acuosa microbicida para evitar infectaciones en superficies de alto contacto. En base a los ensayos experimentales se propusieron dos formulaciones químicas constituidas por una resina látex acrílico, resina siliconada, óxido de titanio, omazide de zinc, nanopartículas de óxido de cobre y aditivos. Los resultados demostraron que la pintura de la formulación 2 presentó buena homogenización, brillo y estabilidad, su tiempo de secado promedio es de 30 min, tiene adecuado grosor de recubrimiento en metal (49,2μm) y viscosidad (60s en copa Ford N°4), según las normas ASTM D 1186 01 y ASTM D 1200, respectivamente; en base a estas características se considera de calidad aceptable. Los bioensayos realizados con bacterias de Staphylococcus aureus Rosenbach, 1884 y Escherichia coli (Escherich, 1885) por el método de incorporación, demostraron que las dos formulaciones tienen propiedades antimicrobianas. En la determinación del efecto antifúngico de hongos ambientales como Penicillium sp, Aspergillus sp. (hongos filamentosos) y Rodotorula sp. (levadura) en la formulación 1 hasta la dilución 1/106 no se observa crecimiento y en la formulación 2 no creció hasta la última dilución que fue empleada (1/1010). Se concluye que su uso en el pintado de superficies de alto contacto sería eficiente para evitar infectaciones por hongos ambientales y bacterias como S. aureus y E. coli. En el ensayo de toxicidad de la pintura de ambas formulaciones podemos decir que a partir de 37 ug inhibe el 50% de crecimiento celular lo que podemos deducir que hay efecto en procariontes como bacterias. Se recomienda continuar los bioensayos para ampliar su estudio con otras bacterias, hongos y parásitos

¿Cómo leemos en la sociedad digital? Lectores, booktubers y prosumidores

El panorama de la lectura está cambiando. Y lo hace muy rápidamente. Sin embargo, no nos hallamos ante una especie de “muerte de los libros” —del fin de las maneras transmitidas por la Escuela y la cultura legítima para entender y practicar la lectura. Se trata más bien de un momento híbrido, algo irónico, en el que tales maneras tienden a diversificarse y pluralizarse respecto al canon culto heredado de siglos pasados. Existen muchas formas de leer. Al documentarlas en lo tocante a una variedad de sujetos, contextos y situaciones, la etnografía aspira a reintegrar el rostro singular de sus protagonistas. Booktubers, profesores de bachillerato, internautas, adolescentes, clubes, bibliotecarios, editores, libreras, escritores, activistas de barrio, blogueros, jubilados, recitadoras amateur, amas de casa... Acompañamos mediante talleres, análisis de contenido, entrevistas, trabajo de archivo, vídeo y fotografía las vicisitudes de un don que —lejos de la imagen ensimismada de un lector absorto— suele ser compartido. La lectura no aparece, entonces, como asunto de alguien aislado. Es social, holista, activa, afectiva y corporal; marcada por una relación indisociable con la escritura, la interactividad, la sociabilidad, la imagen, la oralidad, el ritual, la educación sentimental, el espacio cotidiano, la movilidad, la proliferación de dispositivos, la fragmentación de los tiempos y la multiplicación de ocasiones y motivos para leer

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Fil: Zappettini, E.O. Servicio Geológico Minero Argentino; Argentina.Fil: Prieto Rincón, G.; ColombiaFil: Amezcua, Natalia; México.Fil: Muñoz Tapia, Santiago; República Dominicana.Fil: Sepúlveda Ospina, Janeth; Colombia.Fil: Celada Arango, Marlos Mario; Colombia.Fil: Jara, David; Costa Rica.Fil: Cazañas Díaz, Xiomara; Cuba.Fil: Torres Zafra, Jorge Luis; Cuba.Fil: Cobiella Reguera, Jorge Luis; Cuba.Fil: Zurcher, Lukas; Estados Unidos de América.Fil: Orris, Greta; Estados Unidos de América.Fil: Gray, Floyd; Estados Unidos de América.Fil: Maldonado Díaz, Carolina; Guatemala.Fil: Rodriguez, Noé; Honduras.Fil: Mérida Montiel, Ramón; México.Fil: Zarruk, Carlos; Nicaragua.La Asociación de Servicios Geológicos y Mineros de Iberoamérica (ASGMI), bajo los auspicios de la Comisión de la Carta Geológica del Mundo (CCGM) preparó la primera versión del Mapa Metalogénico de América Central y el Caribe. La coordinación general estuvo a cargo del Servicio Geológico Minero Argentino (SEGEMAR), con tres coordinaciones regionales: América Central a cargo del Servicio Geológico Mexicano (SGM), las islas del Caribe a cargo del Servicio Geológico Nacional de la República Dominicana y el norte de América del Sur a cargo del Servicio Geológico Colombiano. Participaron además los Servicios Geológicos, Direcciones de Minería u organismos equivalentes de los países involucrados, que designaron Coordinadores Nacionales. El proyecto fue presentado y aprobado en ocasión de la Asamblea de ASGMI realizada en La Habana (Cuba) en 2017. Posteriormente fue presentado ante la Comisión de la Carta Geológica del Mundo (CCGM) en París en 2018. Los objetivos, criterios metodológicos y cronograma de trabajo fueron así establecidos. En los años 2018 y 2019 se realizaron dos reuniones de los participantes, una en Santo Domingo, República Dominicana, y otra en Tegucigalpa, Honduras. Los avances del mapa fueron presentados durante la Reunión Santo Domingo de 2018 y en ocasión del XV Simposio IAGOD, celebrado en Salta (Argentina) ese mismo año. El mapa fue generado digitalmente a partir del Mapa Estructural del Caribe (Bouysse et al., 2020), provisto por la Comisión de la Carta Geológica del Mundo, realizándose una actualización de la información geológica, a partir de la bibliografía citada en el texto. Los polígonos fueron reclasifi cados y reagrupados en orden a defi nir unidades tectonoestratigráfi cas y mejor refl ejar la metalogénesis de la región. El proyecto en SIG creado es también mostrado en la página WEB de ASGMI (www.asgmi.org.es) con el fi n de facilitar la difusión de los datos del mapa creado. Su formato digital y su disponibilidad en la WEB aseguran un fácil acceso para actualizar la información y hacerlo accesible a los usuarios

Effectiveness of an intervention for improving drug prescription in primary care patients with multimorbidity and polypharmacy:Study protocol of a cluster randomized clinical trial (Multi-PAP project)

This study was funded by the Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias ISCIII (Grant Numbers PI15/00276, PI15/00572, PI15/00996), REDISSEC (Project Numbers RD12/0001/0012, RD16/0001/0005), and the European Regional Development Fund ("A way to build Europe").Background: Multimorbidity is associated with negative effects both on people's health and on healthcare systems. A key problem linked to multimorbidity is polypharmacy, which in turn is associated with increased risk of partly preventable adverse effects, including mortality. The Ariadne principles describe a model of care based on a thorough assessment of diseases, treatments (and potential interactions), clinical status, context and preferences of patients with multimorbidity, with the aim of prioritizing and sharing realistic treatment goals that guide an individualized management. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of a complex intervention that implements the Ariadne principles in a population of young-old patients with multimorbidity and polypharmacy. The intervention seeks to improve the appropriateness of prescribing in primary care (PC), as measured by the medication appropriateness index (MAI) score at 6 and 12months, as compared with usual care. Methods/Design: Design:pragmatic cluster randomized clinical trial. Unit of randomization: family physician (FP). Unit of analysis: patient. Scope: PC health centres in three autonomous communities: Aragon, Madrid, and Andalusia (Spain). Population: patients aged 65-74years with multimorbidity (≥3 chronic diseases) and polypharmacy (≥5 drugs prescribed in ≥3months). Sample size: n=400 (200 per study arm). Intervention: complex intervention based on the implementation of the Ariadne principles with two components: (1) FP training and (2) FP-patient interview. Outcomes: MAI score, health services use, quality of life (Euroqol 5D-5L), pharmacotherapy and adherence to treatment (Morisky-Green, Haynes-Sackett), and clinical and socio-demographic variables. Statistical analysis: primary outcome is the difference in MAI score between T0 and T1 and corresponding 95% confidence interval. Adjustment for confounding factors will be performed by multilevel analysis. All analyses will be carried out in accordance with the intention-to-treat principle. Discussion: It is essential to provide evidence concerning interventions on PC patients with polypharmacy and multimorbidity, conducted in the context of routine clinical practice, and involving young-old patients with significant potential for preventing negative health outcomes. Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT02866799Publisher PDFPeer reviewe