Evaluation of the Ralston Public Schools Outdoor Education Program

In our modern society, schools are no longer places with the threefold academic directive of teaching reading, writing, and arithmetic. Our world of social change has required schools to broaden the focus of their curriculum to include education in life skills as they are evident today. Changes in the basic structures of home and family life automatically alter the traditional social base of school children. The increasing number of mothers in the work force and the growth of single-parent families alter life situations that, in dramatic ways, alter the core and content of education

Using Advanced xBSD Based Servers for High School

Práce se zabývá nasazením software Samba na server s operačním systémem z rodiny BSD do role primárního řadiče domény v počítačové síti střední školy se stanicemi s operačním systémem Microsoft Windows. Po představení software Samba  je podrobněji rozebrána problematika sítí Windows založených na protokolu SMB. Následně jsou uvedeny potřebné kroky konfigurace software Samba, nastavení diskových sdílení, vytváření uživatelských účtů a přidání klientské stanice do důvěryhodného vztahu s řadičem domény. Dále je popsána problematika síťového tisku v prostředí Windows, tiskových serverů a řešení problematiky pomocí klasických tiskových služeb systému FreeBSD a tiskového systému CUPS. V další části je zmíněna problematika hromadné instalace stanic se stejnou hardwarovou konfigurací v prostředí školních učeben. Závěrem jsou shrnuty úkony potřebné pro další provoz systému.This work is about setting up Samba software on server with operating system from BSD family to primary domain controller rule in the high school computer network environment with Microsoft Windows stations. After introduction to Samba software there is examined problem of Windows network based on SMB protocol. There are described steps that are necessary to setup Samba software, disk sharing services, creation of user accounts and adding client stations to domain trust. At the next there is described problematic of network printing in the Windows environment, print servers and the solution with classical printing support in FreeBSD and CUPS printing support. In the next part there is described mass installation procedure of Windows stations with same hardware configuration. At the finish, there are noticed some tasks that are necessary for next operation of installed system.

Viral vectors encoding endomorphins and serine histogranin attenuate neuropathic pain symptoms after spinal cord injury in rats

Background: The treatment of spinal cord injury (SCI)-induced neuropathic pain presents a challenging healthcare problem. The lack of available robust pharmacological treatments underscores the need for novel therapeutic methods and approaches. Due to the complex character of neuropathic pain following SCI, therapies targeting multiple mechanisms may be a better choice for obtaining sufficient long-term pain relief. Previous studies in our lab showed analgesic effects using combinations of an NMDA antagonist peptide Ser1histogranin (SHG), and the mu-opioid peptides endomorphins (EMs), in several pain models. As an alternative to drug therapy, this study evaluated the analgesic potential of these peptides when delivered via gene therapy. Results: Lentiviruses encoding SHG and EM-1 and EM-2 were intraspinally injected, either singly or in combination, into rats with clip compression SCI 2weeks following injury. Treated animals showed significant reduction in mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity, compared to control groups injected with GFP vector only. The antinociceptive effects of individually injected components were modest, but the combination of EMs and SHG produced robust and sustained antinociception. The onset of the analgesic effects was observed between 1-5 weeks post-injection and sustained without decrement for at least 7weeks. No adverse effects on locomotor function were observed. The involvement of SHG and EMs in the observed antinociception was confirmed by pharmacologic inhibition using intrathecal injection of either the opioid antagonist naloxone or an anti-SHG antibody. Immunohistochemical analysis showed the presence of SHG and EMs in the spinal cord of treated animals, and immunodot-blot analysis of CSF confirmed the presence of these peptides in injected animals. In a separate group of rats, delayed injection of viral vectors was performed in order to mimic a more likely clinical scenario. Comparable and sustained antinociceptive effects were observed in these animals using the SHG-EMs combination vectors compared to the group with early intervention. Conclusions: Findings from this study support the potential for direct gene therapy to provide a robust and sustained alleviation of chronic neuropathic pain following SCI. The combination strategy utilizing potent mu-opioid peptides with a naturally-derived NMDA antagonist may produce additive or synergistic analgesic effects without the tolerance development for long-term management of persistent pain. © 2015 Nasirinezhad et al

OPERATING SYSTEM AND METHOD PROVIDING FOR VIRTUAL DESKS

A system and method include an operating system (OS) that provides for the creation, saving and restoration of multiple virtual desks associated with a user. Related resources, applications, windows, tabs, files and the like can be assigned to each virtual desk, thus improving organization and efficiency, and facilitating user focus. The OS stores the multiple virtual desks at the end of a session, including, for example at logout, shutdown, in the event of a system crash, and the like. The multiple virtual desks are restored to a configuration corresponding to the state at the end of the session and/or at the state in which the virtual desk was last accessed when the user accesses the virtual desks in a subsequent session, including restoration of each of the resources associated with the virtual desk, restoration of content within each of the resources, restoration of an arrangement, relative size and placement of the resources, and the like. The OS synchronizes the multiple virtual desks across multiple user devices and provides tools to streamline the creation, population and management of the virtual desks

Physiological values of some blood indicators in selected dwarf rabbit breeds

[EN] The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of breed on haematological and biochemical indicators in 3 dwarf rabbit breeds. In the experiment, 30 sexually intact dwarf rabbit females aged 6 mo were used. With the sole exception of white blood cells and haematocrit value, breed had the most significant effect on the majority of haematological indicators monitored. The red blood cell count was higher in the Dwarf Lop compared to the Netherland Dwarf (+1.91×1012 cells/L; P<0.05) and also the Teddy Dwarf (+1.32×1012 cells/L; P<0.05). For haemoglobin concentration, a higher value was found in the Netherland Dwarf than in the Teddy Dwarf (+39.29 g/L; P<0.05) and the Dwarf Lop (+26.36 g/L; P<0.05). For erythrocytic indicators, the highest values of mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular haemoglobin and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration were found in the Netherland Dwarf. The breed had a significant effect on the urea and potassium values. A higher value of urea was recorded in the Dwarf Lop compared to the Teddy Dwarf (+1.56 mmol/L; P<0.05). For potassium, a higher value was found in the Netherland Dwarf compared to the Teddy Dwarf (+0.85 mmol/L; P<0.05). In addition, a significantly positive correlation (P<0.05) was found between the live weight of dwarf females and values of haematocrit (0.49), albumin (0.54), alanine aminotransferase (0.51), and aspartate aminotransferase (0.41), while a significantly negative correlation (P<0.05) was found between their live weight and values of triacylglycerols (–0.44), alkaline phosphatase (–0.38) and inorganic phosphorus (–0.52). The experimental procedures were approved by the Animal Welfare Committee of the University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences (UVPS) Brno (no. 15/2015/2230 / FVHE).Šimek, V.; Zapletal, D.; Straková, E.; Pavlík, A.; Suchý, P. (2017). Physiological values of some blood indicators in selected dwarf rabbit breeds. World Rabbit Science. 25(1):27-36. https://doi.org/10.4995/wrs.2017.4110SWORD273625

Coupling Efficacy and Selectivity of the Human Μ-Opioid Receptor Expressed as Receptor—GΑ Fusion Proteins in Escherichia coli

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/65628/1/j.1471-4159.2000.0751190.x.pd

Mu and Delta opioid receptors activate the same G proteins in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/72251/1/sj.bjp.0704430.pd

Substance P induces gastric mucosal protection at supraspinal level via increasing the level of endomorphin-2 in rats.

The aim of the present study was to analyze the potential role of substance P (SP) in gastric mucosal defense and to clarify the receptors and mechanisms that may be involved in it. Gastric ulceration was induced by oral administration of acidified ethanol in male Wistar rats. Mucosal levels of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and somatostatin were determined by radioimmunoassay. For analysis of gastric motor activity the rubber balloon method was used. We found that central (intracerebroventricular) injection of SP (9.3-74pmol) dose-dependently inhibited the formation of ethanol-induced ulcers, while intravenously injected SP (0.37-7.4nmol/kg) had no effect. The mucosal protective effect of SP was inhibited by pretreatment with neurokinin 1-, neurokinin 2-, neurokinin 3- and mu-opioid receptor antagonists, while delta- and kappa-opioid receptor antagonists had no effect. Endomorphin-2 antiserum also antagonized the SP-induced mucosal protection. In the gastroprotective dose range SP failed to influence the gastric motor activity. Inhibition of muscarinic cholinergic receptors, or the synthesis of nitric oxide or prostaglandins significantly reduced the effect of SP. In addition, centrally injected SP reversed the ethanol-induced reduction of gastric mucosal CGRP content. It can be concluded, that SP may induce gastric mucosal protection initiated centrally. Its protective effect is likely to be mediated by endomorphin-2, and vagal nerve may convey the centrally initiated protection to the periphery, where both prostaglandins, nitric oxide and CGRP are involved in mediating this effect

The role of morphine in regulation of cancer cell growth

Morphine is considered the “gold standard” for relieving pain and is currently one of the most effective drugs available clinically for the management of severe pain associated with cancer. In addition to its use in the treatment of pain, morphine appears to be important in the regulation of neoplastic tissue. Although morphine acts directly on the central nervous system to relieve pain, its activities on peripheral tissues are responsible for many of the secondary complications. Therefore, understanding the impact, other than pain control, of morphine on cancer treatment is extremely important. The effect of morphine on tumor growth is still contradictory, as both growth-promoting and growth-inhibiting effects have been observed. Accumulating evidence suggests that morphine can affect proliferation and migration of tumor cells as well as angiogenesis. Various signaling pathways have been suggested to be involved in these extra-analgesic effects of morphine. Suppression of immune system by morphine is an additional complication. This review provides an update on the influence of morphine on the growth and migration potential of tumor cells