NMR and NQR Fluctuation Effects in Layered Superconductors

We study the effect of thermal fluctuations of the s-wave order parameter of a quasi two dimensional superconductor on the nuclear spin relaxation rate near the transition temperature Tc. We consider both the effects of the amplitude fluctuations and the Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless (BKT) phase fluctuations in weakly coupled layered superconductors. In the treatment of the amplitude fluctuations we employ the Gaussian approximation and evaluate the longitudinal relaxation rate 1/T1 for a clean s-wave superconductor, with and without pair breaking effects, using the static pair fluctuation propagator D. The increase in 1/T1 due to pair breaking in D is overcompensated by the decrease arising from the single particle Green's functions. The result is a strong effect on 1/T1 for even a small amount of pair breaking. The phase fluctuations are described in terms of dynamical BKT excitations in the form of pancake vortex-antivortex (VA) pairs. We calculate the effect of the magnetic field fluctuations caused by the translational motion of VA excitations on 1/T1 and on the transverse relaxation rate 1/T2 on both sides of the BKT transitation temperature T(BKT)<Tc. The results for the NQR relaxation rates depend strongly on the diffusion constant that governs the motion of free and bound vortices as well as the annihilation of VA pairs. We discuss the relaxation rates for real multilayer systems where the diffusion constant can be small and thus increase the lifetime of a VA pair, leading to an enhancement of the rates. We also discuss in some detail the experimental feasibility of observing the effects of amplitude fluctuations in layered s-wave superconductors such as the dichalcogenides and the effects of phase fluctuations in s- or d-wave superconductors such as the layered cuprates.Comment: 38 pages, 12 figure

Search for jet extinction in the inclusive jet-pT spectrum from proton-proton collisions at s=8 TeV

Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published articles title, journal citation, and DOI.The first search at the LHC for the extinction of QCD jet production is presented, using data collected with the CMS detector corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 10.7  fb−1 of proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 8 TeV. The extinction model studied in this analysis is motivated by the search for signatures of strong gravity at the TeV scale (terascale gravity) and assumes the existence of string couplings in the strong-coupling limit. In this limit, the string model predicts the suppression of all high-transverse-momentum standard model processes, including jet production, beyond a certain energy scale. To test this prediction, the measured transverse-momentum spectrum is compared to the theoretical prediction of the standard model. No significant deficit of events is found at high transverse momentum. A 95% confidence level lower limit of 3.3 TeV is set on the extinction mass scale

Searches for electroweak neutralino and chargino production in channels with Higgs, Z, and W bosons in pp collisions at 8 TeV

Searches for supersymmetry (SUSY) are presented based on the electroweak pair production of neutralinos and charginos, leading to decay channels with Higgs, Z, and W bosons and undetected lightest SUSY particles (LSPs). The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of about 19.5 fb(-1) of proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 8 TeV collected in 2012 with the CMS detector at the LHC. The main emphasis is neutralino pair production in which each neutralino decays either to a Higgs boson (h) and an LSP or to a Z boson and an LSP, leading to hh, hZ, and ZZ states with missing transverse energy (E-T(miss)). A second aspect is chargino-neutralino pair production, leading to hW states with E-T(miss). The decays of a Higgs boson to a bottom-quark pair, to a photon pair, and to final states with leptons are considered in conjunction with hadronic and leptonic decay modes of the Z and W bosons. No evidence is found for supersymmetric particles, and 95% confidence level upper limits are evaluated for the respective pair production cross sections and for neutralino and chargino mass values

Proposed environmental quality standards for List II substances in water Organotins

10.00Available from British Library Document Supply Centre- DSC:9364.5859(WRC-ESSL-TR--255) / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreSIGLEGBUnited Kingdo

Proposed environmental quality standards for List II substances in water Mothproofing agents

10.00Available from British Library Document Supply Centre- DSC:9364.5859(WRC-ESSL-TR--261) / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreSIGLEGBUnited Kingdo

Dissolved Air Flotation (DAF) for Wastewater Treatment

© 2018 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. Flotation system consists of four major components-air supply, pressurizing pump, retention tank, and flotation chamber. The theory of dissolved air flotation (DAF) process is to separate suspended particles from liquids by bringing the particles to the surface of the liquid. In most cases, DAF is an alternative process to sedimentation and offers several advantages, including better final water quality, rapid startup, higher rates of operation, and thicker sludge. Additionally, DAF systems need less space compared with normal clarifiers, and due to their modular components, they allow easy installation and setup. This chapter covers types of flotation, process description of DAF, theory of DAF, advantages of DAF application in wastewater treatment, application of DAF process in wastewater treatment, and application of DAF in landfill leachate treatment

Vergleich der Trinkwasserpreise im europaeischen Rahmen

In this project, the costs of water supply services and drinking water prices in selected Member States of the European Union were investigated. An analysis of available studies and statistics was complemented with research and interviews carried out by experts based in countries under study. The results of these were documented in case study reports following a standard outline. These are documented in their original language version in the materials annex to this report. There are clearly a number of obstacles to international comparisons, factors whose distorting influence can only be assessed and controlled on the basis of detailed knowledge of the units of comparison (supply areas, municipalities, regions, states). Prominent among these are different tariff structures with fixed and variable components, the allocation of costs for new connections, accounting and invoicing procedures, taxes and charges, depreciation of assets and the fiscal and liquidity effects, provisions and reserves, subsidies and cross-subsidies as well as differences in the quality of services rendered. Plausible as the relevance of these factors for international comparisons of water prices may be, data and information which would meet the requirements of a systematic comparison of costs and prices of water supply services are nevertheless not currently available in the Member States investigated. Through this project, a number of shortcomings in existing international comparisons of water prices were revealed and recommendations were reached on possible improvements of such comparisons. (orig.)SIGLEAvailable from TIB Hannover: RN 8422(1998,22) / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekBundesministerium fuer Umwelt, Naturschutz und Reaktorsicherheit, Bonn (Germany)DEGerman