9 research outputs found

    Identification of a BRCA2-Specific modifier locus at 6p24 related to breast cancer risk

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    Common genetic variants contribute to the observed variation in breast cancer risk for BRCA2 mutation carriers; those known to date have all been found through population-based genome-wide association studies (GWAS). To comprehensively identify breast cancer risk modifying loci for BRCA2 mutation carriers, we conducted a deep replication of an ongoing GWAS discovery study. Using the ranked P-values of the breast cancer associations with the imputed genotype of 1.4 M SNPs, 19,029 SNPs were selected and designed for inclusion on a custom Illumina array that included a total of 211,155 SNPs as part of a multi-consortial project. DNA samples from 3,881 breast cancer affected and 4,330 unaffected BRCA2 mutation carriers from 47 studies belonging to the Consortium of Investigators of Modifiers of BRCA1/2 were genotyped and available for analysis. We replicated previously reported breast cancer susceptibility alleles in these BRCA2 mutation carriers and for several regions (including FGFR2, MAP3K1, CDKN2A/B, and PTHLH) identified SNPs that have stronger evidence of association than those previously published. We also identified a novel susceptibility allele at 6p24 that was inversely associated with risk in BRCA2 mutation carriers (rs9348512; per allele HR = 0.85, 95% CI 0.80-0.90, P = 3.9×10−8). This SNP was not associated with breast cancer risk either in the general population or in BRCA1 mutation carriers. The locus lies within a region containing TFAP2A, which encodes a transcriptional activation protein that interacts with several tumor suppressor genes. This report identifies the first breast cancer risk locus specific to a BRCA2 mutation background. This comprehensive update of novel and previously reported breast cancer susceptibility loci contributes to the establishment of a panel of SNPs that modify breast cancer risk in BRCA2 mutation carriers. This panel may have clinical utility for women with BRCA2 mutations weighing options for medical prevention of breast cancer

    Identification of a BRCA2-Specific Modifier Locus at 6p24 Related to Breast Cancer Risk

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    A case-only study to identify genetic modifiers of breast cancer risk for BRCA1/BRCA2 mutation carriers

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    Breast cancer (BC) risk for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers varies by genetic and familial factors. About 50 common variants have been shown to modify BC risk for mutation carriers. All but three, were identified in general population studies. Other mutation carrier-specific susceptibility variants may exist but studies of mutation carriers have so far been underpowered. We conduct a novel case-only genome-wide association study comparing genotype frequencies between 60,212 general population BC cases and 13,007 cases with BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations. We identify robust novel associations for 2 variants with BC for BRCA1 and 3 for BRCA2 mutation carriers, P < 10−8, at 5 loci, which are not associated with risk in the general population. They include rs60882887 at 11p11.2 where MADD, SP11 and EIF1, genes previously implicated in BC biology, are predicted as potential targets. These findings will contribute towards customising BC polygenic risk scores for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers

    Genetic characterization of B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia: a prognostic model involving and MYC and TP53

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    B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia (B-PLL) is a rare hematological disorder whose underlying oncogenic mechanisms are poorly understood. Our cytogenetic and molecular assessment of 34 patients with B-PLL revealed several disease-specific features and potential therapeutic targets. The karyotype was complex ({greater than or equal to}3 abnormalities) in 73% of the patients and highly complex (5 abnormalities) in 45%. The most frequent chromosomal aberrations were translocations involving [t()] (62%), deletion (del)17p (38%), trisomy (tri)18 (30%), del13q (29%), tri3 (24%), tri12 (24%), and del8p (23%). Twenty-six of the 34 patients (76%) exhibit aberration, resulting from mutually exclusive translocations or gains. Whole-exome sequencing revealed frequent mutations in , , , , , , , , and The majority of B-PLL used the or subgroups (89%), and displayed significantly mutated genes (79%). We identified three distinct cytogenetic risk groups: low-risk (no aberration), intermediate-risk ( aberration but no del17p), and high-risk ( aberration and del17p) (p=.0006). drug response profiling revealed that the combination of a B-cell receptor or BCL2 inhibitor with OTX015 (a bromodomain and extra-terminal motif (BET) inhibitor targeting ) was associated with significantly lower viability of B-PLL cells harboring a t(). We conclude that cytogenetic analysis is a useful diagnostic and prognostic tool in B-PLL. Targeting may be a useful treatment option in this disease

    Ultrafine Particles Issued from Gasoline-Fuels and Biofuel Surrogates Combustion: A Comparative Study of the Physicochemical and In Vitro Toxicological Effects

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    International audienceGasoline emissions contain high levels of pollutants, including particulate matter (PM), which are associated with several health outcomes. Moreover, due to the depletion of fossil fuels, biofuels represent an attractive alternative, particularly second-generation biofuels (B2G) derived from lignocellulosic biomass. Unfortunately, compared to the abundant literature on diesel and gasoline emissions, relatively few studies are devoted to alternative fuels and their health effects. This study aimed to compare the adverse effects of gasoline and B2G emissions on human bronchial epithelial cells. We characterized the emissions generated by propane combustion (CAST1), gasoline Surrogate, and B2G consisting of Surrogate blended with anisole (10%) (S+10A) or ethanol (10%) (S+10E). To study the cellular effects, BEAS-2B cells were cultured at air-liquid interface for seven days and exposed to different emissions. Cell viability, oxidative stress, inflammation, and xenobiotic metabolism were measured. mRNA expression analysis was significantly modified by the Surrogate S+10A and S+10E emissions, especially CYP1A1 and CYP1B1. Inflammation markers, IL-6 and IL-8, were mainly downregulated doubtless due to the PAHs content on PM. Overall, these results demonstrated that ultrafine particles generated from biofuels Surrogates had a toxic effect at least similar to that observed with a gasoline substitute (Surrogate), involving probably different toxicity pathways

    Ontologie ATOL : amélioration de l'outil par l'intégration des caractÚres de santé

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    L'ontologie des caractĂšres phĂ©notypiques ATOL, est un outil dĂ©diĂ© aux productions animales, permettant uneannotation des bases de donnĂ©es phĂ©notypiques (http://www.atol-ontology.com/). Sur l’ensemble des finalitĂ©sciblĂ©es dans l’ontologie, les caractĂšres liĂ©s Ă  la santĂ© ont Ă©tĂ© initialement renseignĂ©s uniquement dans la finalitĂ© Bien-Etre. Le projet P-AHOL, soutenu par le mĂ©taprogramme GISA, avait pour objectif de complĂ©ter ces caractĂšres en crĂ©ant une finalitĂ© «santé» avec l'ensemble des troubles dĂ©tectĂ©s en Ă©levage et susceptibles de pĂ©naliser les autres finalitĂ©s (croissance, nutrition, reproduction, production de lait, d’oeufs et foie gras, bien-ĂȘtre). Une dĂ©marche de co-construction a Ă©tĂ© ainsi rĂ©alisĂ©e sur la standardisation des troubles de santĂ©, par leur dĂ©nomination et leur dĂ©finition, et leur caractĂ©risation, par leur hiĂ©rarchisation et avec une attention sur les symptĂŽmes. Le travail s’est appuyĂ© sur quatre groupes d'experts du domaine de la santĂ©, pluridisciplinaires (immunologie, virologie, bactĂ©riologie, 
) et multi-espĂšces (ruminants, oiseaux, poissons, porc-lapin et cheval) et sur un rĂ©seau plus large incluant des scientifiques des dĂ©partements SantĂ© Animale, GĂ©nĂ©tique Animale et PHASE, et des porteurs d’enjeu au coeur des questions de santĂ© animale (responsables d’installations expĂ©rimentales et de R&D). Pour le choix des maladies retenues, la dĂ©marche de co-construction s’est appuyĂ©e sur la liste des maladies identifiĂ©es dans le systĂšme d’informations Sicpa sanitaire et un document ANSES sur les poissons. Pour leur caractĂ©risation, nous nous sommes appuyĂ©s sur des ontologies existantes telles que l’ontologie SNOMED CT pour les symptĂŽmes et l’ontologie NCBI Taxonomy pour les organismes. Le projet dĂ©crit la finalitĂ© santĂ© avec 3 branches principales : les maladies classĂ©es en fonction de leur type (infectieux, gĂ©nĂ©tique, mĂ©tabolique, physique, psychologique, chronique) et de leur voie de transmission (horizontale, verticale, vectorielle), les symptĂŽmes et les organismes. La branche «organisme» correspond aux classes des agents pathogĂšnes (virus, bactĂ©ries, champignons, parasites) et des espĂšces atteintes. De plus, des propriĂ©tĂ©s ont Ă©tĂ© crĂ©Ă©es pour dĂ©velopper la sĂ©mantique entre les diffĂ©rents classes (est pathogĂšne de, a comme symptĂŽme, affecte). En perspective, l’objectif du programme ATOL vise Ă  une utilisation de l’ontologie par diffĂ©rents acteurs impliquĂ©s dans les programmes de phĂ©notypage, ainsi que pour l’évaluation du statut sanitaire des animaux et des troupeaux. Aussi le travail va se poursuivre avec la crĂ©ation de liens entre les donnĂ©es du SICPA Sanitaire et l’ontologie ATOL. En parallĂšle un travail d’enrichissement sera mis en place (1) sur les propriĂ©tĂ©s entre les finalitĂ©sde l’ontologie pour renseigner leurs interactions, (2) sur l’apport de nouveaux caractĂšres ou de liens sur desmĂ©thodes de mesures en utilisant des mĂ©thodes de text-mining appliquĂ©es Ă  la bibliographie ou Ă  des bases de donnĂ©es

    Ontologie ATOL : amélioration de l'outil par l'intégration des caractÚres de santé

    No full text
    L'ontologie des caractĂšres phĂ©notypiques ATOL, est un outil dĂ©diĂ© aux productions animales, permettant uneannotation des bases de donnĂ©es phĂ©notypiques (http://www.atol-ontology.com/). Sur l’ensemble des finalitĂ©sciblĂ©es dans l’ontologie, les caractĂšres liĂ©s Ă  la santĂ© ont Ă©tĂ© initialement renseignĂ©s uniquement dans la finalitĂ© Bien-Etre. Le projet P-AHOL, soutenu par le mĂ©taprogramme GISA, avait pour objectif de complĂ©ter ces caractĂšres en crĂ©ant une finalitĂ© «santé» avec l'ensemble des troubles dĂ©tectĂ©s en Ă©levage et susceptibles de pĂ©naliser les autres finalitĂ©s (croissance, nutrition, reproduction, production de lait, d’oeufs et foie gras, bien-ĂȘtre). Une dĂ©marche de co-construction a Ă©tĂ© ainsi rĂ©alisĂ©e sur la standardisation des troubles de santĂ©, par leur dĂ©nomination et leur dĂ©finition, et leur caractĂ©risation, par leur hiĂ©rarchisation et avec une attention sur les symptĂŽmes. Le travail s’est appuyĂ© sur quatre groupes d'experts du domaine de la santĂ©, pluridisciplinaires (immunologie, virologie, bactĂ©riologie, 
) et multi-espĂšces (ruminants, oiseaux, poissons, porc-lapin et cheval) et sur un rĂ©seau plus large incluant des scientifiques des dĂ©partements SantĂ© Animale, GĂ©nĂ©tique Animale et PHASE, et des porteurs d’enjeu au coeur des questions de santĂ© animale (responsables d’installations expĂ©rimentales et de R&D). Pour le choix des maladies retenues, la dĂ©marche de co-construction s’est appuyĂ©e sur la liste des maladies identifiĂ©es dans le systĂšme d’informations Sicpa sanitaire et un document ANSES sur les poissons. Pour leur caractĂ©risation, nous nous sommes appuyĂ©s sur des ontologies existantes telles que l’ontologie SNOMED CT pour les symptĂŽmes et l’ontologie NCBI Taxonomy pour les organismes. Le projet dĂ©crit la finalitĂ© santĂ© avec 3 branches principales : les maladies classĂ©es en fonction de leur type (infectieux, gĂ©nĂ©tique, mĂ©tabolique, physique, psychologique, chronique) et de leur voie de transmission (horizontale, verticale, vectorielle), les symptĂŽmes et les organismes. La branche «organisme» correspond aux classes des agents pathogĂšnes (virus, bactĂ©ries, champignons, parasites) et des espĂšces atteintes. De plus, des propriĂ©tĂ©s ont Ă©tĂ© crĂ©Ă©es pour dĂ©velopper la sĂ©mantique entre les diffĂ©rents classes (est pathogĂšne de, a comme symptĂŽme, affecte). En perspective, l’objectif du programme ATOL vise Ă  une utilisation de l’ontologie par diffĂ©rents acteurs impliquĂ©s dans les programmes de phĂ©notypage, ainsi que pour l’évaluation du statut sanitaire des animaux et des troupeaux. Aussi le travail va se poursuivre avec la crĂ©ation de liens entre les donnĂ©es du SICPA Sanitaire et l’ontologie ATOL. En parallĂšle un travail d’enrichissement sera mis en place (1) sur les propriĂ©tĂ©s entre les finalitĂ©sde l’ontologie pour renseigner leurs interactions, (2) sur l’apport de nouveaux caractĂšres ou de liens sur desmĂ©thodes de mesures en utilisant des mĂ©thodes de text-mining appliquĂ©es Ă  la bibliographie ou Ă  des bases de donnĂ©es

    Ultrafine Particles Issued from Gasoline-Fuels and Biofuel Surrogates Combustion: A Comparative Study of the Physicochemical and In Vitro Toxicological Effects

    No full text
    International audienceGasoline emissions contain high levels of pollutants, including particulate matter (PM), which are associated with several health outcomes. Moreover, due to the depletion of fossil fuels, biofuels represent an attractive alternative, particularly second-generation biofuels (B2G) derived from lignocellulosic biomass. Unfortunately, compared to the abundant literature on diesel and gasoline emissions, relatively few studies are devoted to alternative fuels and their health effects. This study aimed to compare the adverse effects of gasoline and B2G emissions on human bronchial epithelial cells. We characterized the emissions generated by propane combustion (CAST1), gasoline Surrogate, and B2G consisting of Surrogate blended with anisole (10%) (S+10A) or ethanol (10%) (S+10E). To study the cellular effects, BEAS-2B cells were cultured at air-liquid interface for seven days and exposed to different emissions. Cell viability, oxidative stress, inflammation, and xenobiotic metabolism were measured. mRNA expression analysis was significantly modified by the Surrogate S+10A and S+10E emissions, especially CYP1A1 and CYP1B1. Inflammation markers, IL-6 and IL-8, were mainly downregulated doubtless due to the PAHs content on PM. Overall, these results demonstrated that ultrafine particles generated from biofuels Surrogates had a toxic effect at least similar to that observed with a gasoline substitute (Surrogate), involving probably different toxicity pathways

    Genetic characterization of B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia: a prognostic model involving MYC and TP53

    No full text
    International audienceB-cell prolymphocytic leukemia (B-PLL) is a rare hematological disorder whose underlying oncogenic mechanisms are poorly understood. Our cytogenetic and molecular assessment of 34 patients with B-PLL revealed several disease-specific features and potential therapeutic targets. The karyotype was complex ({greater than or equal to}3 abnormalities) in 73% of the patients and highly complex (&gt;5 abnormalities) in 45%. The most frequent chromosomal aberrations were translocations involving MYC [t(MYC)] (62%), deletion (del)17p (38%), trisomy (tri)18 (30%), del13q (29%), tri3 (24%), tri12 (24%), and del8p (23%). Twenty-six of the 34 patients (76%) exhibit MYC aberration, resulting from mutually exclusive translocations or gains. Whole-exome sequencing revealed frequent mutations in TP53, MYD88, BCOR, MYC, SF3B1, SETD2, CHD2, CXCR4, and BCLAF1 The majority of B-PLL used the IGHV3 or IGHV4 subgroups (89%), and displayed significantly mutated IGHV genes (79%). We identified three distinct cytogenetic risk groups: low-risk (no MYC aberration), intermediate-risk (MYC aberration but no del17p), and high-risk (MYC aberration and del17p) (p=.0006). In vitro drug response profiling revealed that the combination of a B-cell receptor or BCL2 inhibitor with OTX015 (a bromodomain and extra-terminal motif (BET) inhibitor targeting MYC) was associated with significantly lower viability of B-PLL cells harboring a t(MYC). We conclude that cytogenetic analysis is a useful diagnostic and prognostic tool in B-PLL. Targeting MYC may be a useful treatment option in this disease
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