551 research outputs found
Deformable Generator Network: Unsupervised Disentanglement of Appearance and Geometry
We present a deformable generator model to disentangle the appearance and
geometric information for both image and video data in a purely unsupervised
manner. The appearance generator network models the information related to
appearance, including color, illumination, identity or category, while the
geometric generator performs geometric warping, such as rotation and
stretching, through generating deformation field which is used to warp the
generated appearance to obtain the final image or video sequences. Two
generators take independent latent vectors as input to disentangle the
appearance and geometric information from image or video sequences. For video
data, a nonlinear transition model is introduced to both the appearance and
geometric generators to capture the dynamics over time. The proposed scheme is
general and can be easily integrated into different generative models. An
extensive set of qualitative and quantitative experiments shows that the
appearance and geometric information can be well disentangled, and the learned
geometric generator can be conveniently transferred to other image datasets to
facilitate knowledge transfer tasks.Comment: version
Spectrally Dependent CLARREO Infrared Spectrometer Calibration Requirement for Climate Change Detection
Detecting climate trends of atmospheric temperature, moisture, cloud, and surface temperature requires accurately calibrated satellite instruments such as the Climate Absolute Radiance and Reflectivity Observatory (CLARREO). Wielicki et al. have studied the CLARREO measurement requirements for achieving climate change accuracy goals in orbit. Our study further quantifies the spectrally dependent IR instrument calibration requirement for detecting trends of atmospheric temperature and moisture profiles. The temperature, water vapor, and surface skin temperature variability and the associated correlation time are derived using Modern Era Retrospective-Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA) and European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) reanalysis data. The results are further validated using climate model simulation results. With the derived natural variability as the reference, the calibration requirement is established by carrying out a simulation study for CLARREO observations of various atmospheric states under all-sky. We derive a 0.04 K (k=2, or 95% confidence) radiometric calibration requirement baseline using a spectral fingerprinting method. We also demonstrate that the requirement is spectrally dependent and some spectral regions can be relaxed due to the hyperspectral nature of the CLARREO instrument. We further discuss relaxing the requirement to 0.06 K (k=2) based on the uncertainties associated with the temperature and water vapor natural variability and relatively small delay in time-to-detect for trends relative to the baseline case. The methodology used in this study can be extended to other parameters (such as clouds and CO2) and other instrument configurations
Comparison of regimeâsorted tropical cloud profiles observed by CloudSat with GEOS5 analyses and two general circulation model simulations
Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/94863/1/jgrd16832.pd
Challenges in QCD matter physics - The Compressed Baryonic Matter experiment at FAIR
Substantial experimental and theoretical efforts worldwide are devoted to
explore the phase diagram of strongly interacting matter. At LHC and top RHIC
energies, QCD matter is studied at very high temperatures and nearly vanishing
net-baryon densities. There is evidence that a Quark-Gluon-Plasma (QGP) was
created at experiments at RHIC and LHC. The transition from the QGP back to the
hadron gas is found to be a smooth cross over. For larger net-baryon densities
and lower temperatures, it is expected that the QCD phase diagram exhibits a
rich structure, such as a first-order phase transition between hadronic and
partonic matter which terminates in a critical point, or exotic phases like
quarkyonic matter. The discovery of these landmarks would be a breakthrough in
our understanding of the strong interaction and is therefore in the focus of
various high-energy heavy-ion research programs. The Compressed Baryonic Matter
(CBM) experiment at FAIR will play a unique role in the exploration of the QCD
phase diagram in the region of high net-baryon densities, because it is
designed to run at unprecedented interaction rates. High-rate operation is the
key prerequisite for high-precision measurements of multi-differential
observables and of rare diagnostic probes which are sensitive to the dense
phase of the nuclear fireball. The goal of the CBM experiment at SIS100
(sqrt(s_NN) = 2.7 - 4.9 GeV) is to discover fundamental properties of QCD
matter: the phase structure at large baryon-chemical potentials (mu_B > 500
MeV), effects of chiral symmetry, and the equation-of-state at high density as
it is expected to occur in the core of neutron stars. In this article, we
review the motivation for and the physics programme of CBM, including
activities before the start of data taking in 2022, in the context of the
worldwide efforts to explore high-density QCD matter.Comment: 15 pages, 11 figures. Published in European Physical Journal
Measurement of CP asymmetries and branching fraction ratios of Bâ decays to two charm mesons
The asymmetries of seven decays to two charm mesons are measured using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of of proton-proton collisions collected by the LHCb experiment. Decays involving a or meson are analysed by reconstructing only the or decay products. This paper presents the first measurement of and , and the most precise measurement of the other five asymmetries. There is no evidence of violation in any of the analysed decays. Additionally, two ratios between branching fractions of selected decays are measured.The CP asymmetries of seven B decays to two charm mesons are measured using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 9 fb of proton-proton collisions collected by the LHCb experiment. Decays involving a D or meson are analysed by reconstructing only the D or decay products. This paper presents the first measurement of (BâD) and (BâD), and the most precise measurement of the other five CP asymmetries. There is no evidence of CP violation in any of the analysed decays. Additionally, two ratios between branching fractions of selected decays are measured.[graphic not available: see fulltext]The asymmetries of seven decays to two charm mesons are measured using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of of proton-proton collisions collected by the LHCb experiment. Decays involving a or meson are analysed by reconstructing only the or decay products. This paper presents the first measurement of and , and the most precise measurement of the other five asymmetries. There is no evidence of violation in any of the analysed decays. Additionally, two ratios between branching fractions of selected decays are measured
Ăvaluation concomitante des signatures fonctionnelles des rĂ©ponses lymphocytaires T spĂ©cifiques des AntigĂšnes AssociĂ©s aux Tumeurs et des Cellules Tumorales Circulantes : Impact sur le pronostic des patients atteints de carcinome Ă©pidermoĂŻde des voies aĂ©ro-digestives supĂ©rieures
We have evaluated herein two important parameters in the immunomonitoring of cancer patients: circulating tumor cells (CTC) as an indicator of âtumoral antigenic loadâ and tumor-associated antigens (TAA) specific T-cells. We firstly evaluated the diagnostic and prognostic value of CTC in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) by a systematic review and meta-analysis. We came to the conclusion that current evidence identifies the CTC detection test as an extremely specific but low sensitive test in HNSCC. In addition, the presence of CTC indicates a worse disease-free disease (DFS). Also, we report for the first time a rare case of extremely high enumeration of circulating tumor cells detected in a patient with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity using the CellSearchÂź system. The absolute number of CTC could therefore predict a particular phase of cancer development as well as a poor survival, potentially contributing to personalized health. In addition, we describe an adaptation of the CellSearchÂź method that we have developed for detecting tumor cells in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with carcinomatous meningitis. This new approach reaches a significantly improved sensitivity compared to conventional cytology. CellSearchÂź technology, applied to limited sample volumes and allowing an increased pre-analytical time, may be of great interest in the diagnosis of leptomeningeal metastases in patients with epithelial cancer. By a concomitant evaluation of CTC and TAA-specific lymphocyte responses in 24 HNSCC patients, we describe that CTC could be an independent indicator of immunogenic tumor burden. The absence of CTC, the presence of TAA-specific T-cells, or the combination of these, were all parameters showing a trend for a better overall survival or DFS. The amplitude and functional signatures of TAA-specific T-lymphocytes in patients with HNSCC were associated with the presence of CTC. These results suggest that a concomitant evaluation of these two parameters may be more pertinent for prognosis assessment as well as for treatment impact, especially in âcheckpoint-inhibitorsâ new immunotherapiesNous avons abordĂ© dans lâensemble de nos travaux deux paramĂštres importants pour lâimmunomonitoring des patients atteints dâun cancer : les cellules tumorales circulantes (CTC) comme un indicateur de la « charge antigĂ©nique tumorale » et la rĂ©ponse immune lymphocytaire T spĂ©cifique dâantigĂšnes associĂ©s aux tumeurs (AAT). Nous avons Ă©valuĂ© dâabord la valeur diagnostique et pronostique des CTC dans les cancers des voies aĂ©rodigestives supĂ©rieures (« HNSCC » en anglais) par une revue systĂ©matique et meta-analyse de la littĂ©rature. Les preuves actuelles identifient le test de dĂ©tection de CTC comme un test extrĂȘmement spĂ©cifique, mais de faible sensibilitĂ© dans les HNSCC. En outre, la prĂ©sence de CTC indique une DFS (« disease free survival ») infĂ©rieure. Nous rapportons Ă©galement pour la premiĂšre fois un cas rare dâĂ©numĂ©ration extrĂȘmement Ă©levĂ©e de CTC dĂ©tectĂ©es par le systĂšme CellSearchÂź chez un patient prĂ©sentant un carcinome Ă©pidermoĂŻde de la cavitĂ© buccale en utilisant. Le nombre absolu de CTC pourrait donc prĂ©dire une phase particuliĂšre de dĂ©veloppement du cancer ainsi qu'une mauvaise survie, contribuant potentiellement Ă une prise en charge mĂ©dicale personnalisĂ©e. De plus, nous dĂ©crivons une adaptation de la mĂ©thode CellSearchÂź qui nous avons dĂ©veloppĂ©e pour dĂ©tecter les cellules tumorales dans le liquide cĂ©phalo-rachidien de patients atteints de mĂ©ningites carcinomateuses. Cette nouvelle approche permet une sensibilitĂ© nettement amĂ©liorĂ©e en comparaison avec la cytologie conventionnelle. La technologie CellSearchÂź, appliquĂ©e Ă des volumes limitĂ©s des Ă©chantillons et permettant une augmentation du temps prĂ©-analytique, pourrait ainsi avoir un grand intĂ©rĂȘt dans le diagnostic de mĂ©tastases leptomĂ©ningĂ©es chez les patients atteints dâun cancer dâorigine Ă©pithĂ©liale. Par une Ă©valuation concomitante des CTC et des rĂ©ponses lymphocytaires spĂ©cifiques aux AAT chez 24 patients avec HNSCC, nous avons trouvĂ© que les CTC pourraient ĂȘtre un indicateur indĂ©pendant de la charge tumorale immunogĂšne. L'absence de CTC, la prĂ©sence de lymphocytes T spĂ©cifiques aux AAT, ou la combinaison de ceux-ci, Ă©taient tous des paramĂštres montrant une tendance pour une meilleure survie globale ou une survie sans maladie. Lâamplitude et les signatures fonctionnelles des lymphocytes T spĂ©cifiques aux AAT chez les patients atteints de HNSCC Ă©taient associĂ©es Ă la prĂ©sence de CTC. Ces rĂ©sultats suggĂšrent quâune Ă©valuation concomitante de ces deux paramĂštres pourrait ĂȘtre plus informative sur le pronostic et potentiellement sur lâimpact des traitements (notamment dans la perspective dâun traitement par des « immune checkpoints »
Prognostic value of the concomitant evaluation of tumor-associated immune responses and circulating tumor cells in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Nous avons abordĂ© dans lâensemble de nos travaux deux paramĂštres importants pour lâimmunomonitoring des patients atteints dâun cancer : les cellules tumorales circulantes (CTC) comme un indicateur de la « charge antigĂ©nique tumorale » et la rĂ©ponse immune lymphocytaire T spĂ©cifique dâantigĂšnes associĂ©s aux tumeurs (AAT). Nous avons Ă©valuĂ© dâabord la valeur diagnostique et pronostique des CTC dans les cancers des voies aĂ©rodigestives supĂ©rieures (« HNSCC » en anglais) par une revue systĂ©matique et meta-analyse de la littĂ©rature. Les preuves actuelles identifient le test de dĂ©tection de CTC comme un test extrĂȘmement spĂ©cifique, mais de faible sensibilitĂ© dans les HNSCC. En outre, la prĂ©sence de CTC indique une DFS (« disease free survival ») infĂ©rieure. Nous rapportons Ă©galement pour la premiĂšre fois un cas rare dâĂ©numĂ©ration extrĂȘmement Ă©levĂ©e de CTC dĂ©tectĂ©es par le systĂšme CellSearchÂź chez un patient prĂ©sentant un carcinome Ă©pidermoĂŻde de la cavitĂ© buccale en utilisant. Le nombre absolu de CTC pourrait donc prĂ©dire une phase particuliĂšre de dĂ©veloppement du cancer ainsi qu'une mauvaise survie, contribuant potentiellement Ă une prise en charge mĂ©dicale personnalisĂ©e. De plus, nous dĂ©crivons une adaptation de la mĂ©thode CellSearchÂź qui nous avons dĂ©veloppĂ©e pour dĂ©tecter les cellules tumorales dans le liquide cĂ©phalo-rachidien de patients atteints de mĂ©ningites carcinomateuses. Cette nouvelle approche permet une sensibilitĂ© nettement amĂ©liorĂ©e en comparaison avec la cytologie conventionnelle. La technologie CellSearchÂź, appliquĂ©e Ă des volumes limitĂ©s des Ă©chantillons et permettant une augmentation du temps prĂ©-analytique, pourrait ainsi avoir un grand intĂ©rĂȘt dans le diagnostic de mĂ©tastases leptomĂ©ningĂ©es chez les patients atteints dâun cancer dâorigine Ă©pithĂ©liale. Par une Ă©valuation concomitante des CTC et des rĂ©ponses lymphocytaires spĂ©cifiques aux AAT chez 24 patients avec HNSCC, nous avons trouvĂ© que les CTC pourraient ĂȘtre un indicateur indĂ©pendant de la charge tumorale immunogĂšne. L'absence de CTC, la prĂ©sence de lymphocytes T spĂ©cifiques aux AAT, ou la combinaison de ceux-ci, Ă©taient tous des paramĂštres montrant une tendance pour une meilleure survie globale ou une survie sans maladie. Lâamplitude et les signatures fonctionnelles des lymphocytes T spĂ©cifiques aux AAT chez les patients atteints de HNSCC Ă©taient associĂ©es Ă la prĂ©sence de CTC. Ces rĂ©sultats suggĂšrent quâune Ă©valuation concomitante de ces deux paramĂštres pourrait ĂȘtre plus informative sur le pronostic et potentiellement sur lâimpact des traitements (notamment dans la perspective dâun traitement par des « immune checkpoints »)We have evaluated herein two important parameters in the immunomonitoring of cancer patients: circulating tumor cells (CTC) as an indicator of âtumoral antigenic loadâ and tumor-associated antigens (TAA) specific T-cells. We firstly evaluated the diagnostic and prognostic value of CTC in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) by a systematic review and meta-analysis. We came to the conclusion that current evidence identifies the CTC detection test as an extremely specific but low sensitive test in HNSCC. In addition, the presence of CTC indicates a worse disease-free disease (DFS). Also, we report for the first time a rare case of extremely high enumeration of circulating tumor cells detected in a patient with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity using the CellSearchÂź system. The absolute number of CTC could therefore predict a particular phase of cancer development as well as a poor survival, potentially contributing to personalized health. In addition, we describe an adaptation of the CellSearchÂź method that we have developed for detecting tumor cells in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with carcinomatous meningitis. This new approach reaches a significantly improved sensitivity compared to conventional cytology. CellSearchÂź technology, applied to limited sample volumes and allowing an increased pre-analytical time, may be of great interest in the diagnosis of leptomeningeal metastases in patients with epithelial cancer. By a concomitant evaluation of CTC and TAA-specific lymphocyte responses in 24 HNSCC patients, we describe that CTC could be an independent indicator of immunogenic tumor burden. The absence of CTC, the presence of TAA-specific T-cells, or the combination of these, were all parameters showing a trend for a better overall survival or DFS. The amplitude and functional signatures of TAA-specific T-lymphocytes in patients with HNSCC were associated with the presence of CTC. These results suggest that a concomitant evaluation of these two parameters may be more pertinent for prognosis assessment as well as for treatment impact, especially in âcheckpoint-inhibitorsâ new immunotherapie
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