36 research outputs found
Colour-octet contributions to exclusive charmonium decays
We investigate the theoretical uncertainties of -wave charmonium decays
into two pions, , . Constraining
the pion distribution-amplitude from the recent precise data on
, we find an order-of-magnitude discrepancy between data
and prediction. The disagreement persists even after inclusion of transverse
degrees of freedom and Sudakov suppressions. We propose the colour-octet
mechanism as the solution to the puzzle. The colour-octet decay contribution
arising from the higher Fock component |\c \cbar \g > of the
wave function is actually not power suppressed with respect to the usual
colour-singlet decay arising from the dominant |\c \cbar > Fock state. An
explicit calculation yields an agreement with the data for a very reasonable
value for the single extra non-perturbative parameter.Comment: 12 pages Latex, 3 PS-files of figures, uses macros 'amstex' and
'psfig'; also available by anonymous ftp from
ftp://wpts0.physik.uni-wuppertal.de/pub/bolz/pwav
A faecal microbiota signature with high specificity for pancreatic cancer
Cancer prevention; Intestinal microbiology; Pancreatic tumoursPrevenció del càncer; Microbiologia intestinal; Tumors pancreàticsPrevención de cáncer; Microbiología intestinal; Tumores pancreáticosBackground Recent evidence suggests a role for the microbiome in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) aetiology and progression.
Objective To explore the faecal and salivary microbiota as potential diagnostic biomarkers.
Methods We applied shotgun metagenomic and 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing to samples from a Spanish case–control study (n=136), including 57 cases, 50 controls, and 29 patients with chronic pancreatitis in the discovery phase, and from a German case–control study (n=76), in the validation phase.
Results Faecal metagenomic classifiers performed much better than saliva-based classifiers and identified patients with PDAC with an accuracy of up to 0.84 area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) based on a set of 27 microbial species, with consistent accuracy across early and late disease stages. Performance further improved to up to 0.94 AUROC when we combined our microbiome-based predictions with serum levels of carbohydrate antigen (CA) 19–9, the only current non-invasive, Food and Drug Administration approved, low specificity PDAC diagnostic biomarker. Furthermore, a microbiota-based classification model confined to PDAC-enriched species was highly disease-specific when validated against 25 publicly available metagenomic study populations for various health conditions (n=5792). Both microbiome-based models had a high prediction accuracy on a German validation population (n=76). Several faecal PDAC marker species were detectable in pancreatic tumour and non-tumour tissue using 16S rRNA sequencing and fluorescence in situ hybridisation.
Conclusion Taken together, our results indicate that non-invasive, robust and specific faecal microbiota-based screening for the early detection of PDAC is feasible.We acknowledge funding from EMBL, CNIO, World Cancer Research (#15–0391), the European Research Council (ERC-AdG-669830 MicrobioS), the BMBF-funded Heidelberg CenterCentre for Human Bioinformatics (HD-HuB) within the German Network for Bioinformatics Infrastructure (de.NBI #031A537B), Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias (FIS), Instituto de Salud Carlos III-FEDER, Spain (grant numbers PI15/01573, PI18/01347, FIS PI17/02303); Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Cáncer, Spain (grant numbers RD12/0036/0034, RD12/0036/0050, RD12/0036/0073); III beca Carmen Delgado/Miguel Pérez-Mateo de AESPANC-ACANPAN; EU-6FP Integrated Project (#018771-MOLDIAG-PACA); EU-FP7-HEALTH (#259737-CANCERALIA). Funders had no involvement in the study design, patient enrolment, analysis, manuscript writing or reviewing
The systematic study of form factors in pQCD approach and its reliability
The study of exclusive B decays in perturbative QCD are complicated by the
endpoint problem. In order to perform the perturbative calculation, the Sudakov
effects are introduced to regulate the endpoint singularity. We provide a
systematic analysis with leading and next-to-leading twist corrections for
form factors in pQCD approach. The intrinsic transverse momentum
dependence of hadronic wave function and threshold resummation effects are
included in pQCD approach. There are two leading twist B meson distribution
amplitudes (or generally wave functions) in general. The QCD equations of
motion provide important constraints on B meson wave functions. The reliability
of pQCD approach in \bpi form factors is discussed. 70% of the result comes
from the region and 38% comes from the region where the
momentum transfer t\geq 1\GeV. The conceptual problems of pQCD approach are
discussed in brief. Our conclusion is that pQCD approach in the present form
cannot provide a precise prediction for \bpi transition form factors.Comment: 30 pages, latex, some typos corrected, to appear in Nucl. Phys.
The photon to pseudoscalar meson transition form factors
In this talk it is reported on an analysis of the form factors for the
transitions from a photon to one of the pseudoscalar mesons pi0, eta, eta',
etac within the modified perturbative approach in which quark transverse
degrees of freedom are retained. The report is focused on the discussion of the
surprising features the new BaBar data exhibit, namely the sharp rise of the
pi-gamma form factor with the photon virtuality and the strong breaking of
flavor symmetry in the sector of pseudoscalar mesons.Comment: 19 pages, 8 figures, using Latex, talk presented at the conference on
Hadronic Structure, Tatranska Strba (2011
Hard exclusive photoproduction of mesons
We calculate the differential cross section and single-polarization
observables for the reaction within perturbative QCD,
treating the proton as a quark-diquark system. The phenomenological couplings
of gauge bosons to (spatially extended) diquarks and the quark-diquark
distribution amplitude of the proton are adopted from previous investigations
of baryon form factors and two-photon processes. Going beyond leading order, we
take into account hadron-mass effects by means of a systematic expansion in the
small parameter (hadron mass/ photon energy). With the -meson
distribution amplitude taken from the literature our predictions for the
differential cross section at | t | \agt 4 \text{GeV}^2 seem to provide a
reasonable extrapolation of the low-t data and are also comparable in magnitude
with the results of a two-gluon exchange model in which the gluons are
considered as a remnant of the pomeron. For momentum transfers of a few GeV
hadron-mass effects appear still to be sizeable.Comment: 37 pages, 7 figures, uses RevTeX styl
Branching Ratio and CP Violation of B to pi pi Decays in Perturbative QCD Approach
We calculate the branching ratios and CP asymmetries for B^0 to pi^+pi^-, B^+
to pi^+pi^0 and B^0 to pi^0pi^0 decays, in a perturbative QCD approach. In this
approach, we calculate non-factorizable and annihilation type contributions, in
addition to the usual factorizable contributions. We found that the
annihilation diagram contributions are not very small as previous argument. Our
result is in agreement with the measured branching ratio of B to pi^+pi^- by
CLEO collaboration. With a non-negligible contribution from annihilation
diagrams and a large strong phase, we predict a large direct CP asymmetry in
B^0 to pi^+pi^-, and pi^0pi^0, which can be tested by the current running B
factories.Comment: Latex, 28 pages including 11 figures; added contents and figures,
corrected typo
Use and Misuse of QCD Sum Rules in Heavy-to-light Transitions: the Decay Reexamined
The existing calculations of the form factors describing the decay from QCD sum rules have yielded conflicting results at small values of
the invariant mass squared of the lepton pair. We demonstrate that the
disagreement originates from the failure of the short-distance expansion to
describe the meson distribution amplitude in the region where almost the
whole momentum is carried by one of the constituents. This limits the
applicability of QCD sum rules based on the short-distance expansion of a
three-point correlation function to heavy-to-light transitions and calls for an
expansion around the light-cone, as realized in the light-cone sum rule
approach. We derive and update light-cone sum rules for all the semileptonic
form factors, using recent results on the meson distribution amplitudes.
The results are presented in detail together with a careful analysis of the
uncertainties, including estimates of higher-twist effects, and compared to
lattice calculations and recent CLEO measurements. We also derive a set of
``improved'' three-point sum rules, in which some of the problems of the
short-distance expansion are avoided and whose results agree to good accuracy
with those from light-cone sum rules.Comment: 34 pages Latex; two references added; one typo in one table
corrected; accepted for publication in Phys. Rev.