City indicators : now to Nanjing

This paper provides the key elements to develop an integrated approach for measuring and monitoring city performance globally. The paper reviews the role of cities and why indicators are important. Then it discusses past approaches to city indicators and the systems developed to date, including the World Bank's initiatives. After identifying the strengths and weaknesses of past experiences, it discusses the characteristics of optimal indicators. The paper concludes with a proposed plan to develop standardized indicators that emphasize the importance of indicators that are measurable, replicable, potentially predictive, and most important, consistent and comparable over time and across cities. As an innovative characteristic, the paper includes subjective measures in city indicators, such as well-being, happy citizens, and trust.Cultural Policy,City Development Strategies,Cultural Heritage&Preservation,ICT Policy and Strategies,Housing&Human Habitats

Uso do Inventário dos Cinco Grandes em uma amostra colombiana

The objective of the present study was to examine the use of the Big Five Inventory in its Spanish version relying on a convenience sample of 323 Colombian university students. We replicated the structure of the Big Five with a congruence factor above .90. Considering the average age of our sample, we realized our analysis applying the ipsatization procedure as suggested by Soto, John, Gosling, and Potter to control for the effect of acquiescence. Our analysis confirmed sex differences similar to those reported.El propósito de este estudio fue examinar el uso de la versión en español del Inventario de los Cinco Grandes (Big Five Inventory – BFI traducido por Benet-Martínez & John, 1998) en una muestra colombiana de conveniencia de 323 estudiantes universitarios. Se replicó la estructura de los Cinco Grandes con un índice de congruencia factorial por encima de 0,90 (Tucker, 1951). Considerando la edad promedio de la muestra, el análisis se realizó aplicando el procedimiento recomendado por Soto, John, Gosling y Potter (2008) para controlar la aquiescencia. Los análisis confirmaron diferencias por sexo similares a las reportadas por Schmitt, Realo, Voraceck y Allik (2008).O propósito deste estudo foi examinar o uso da versão em espanhol do Inventário dos Cinco Grandes (Big Five Inventory – BFI traduzido por Benet-Martínez & John, 1998) em uma amostra colombiana de conveniência de 323 estudantes universitários. Replicou-se a estrutura dos Cinco Grandes com um índice de congruência fatorial por cima de .90. Considerando a idade média da amostra, a análise se realizou aplicando o procedimento recomendado por Soto, John, Gosling e Potterpara controlar a aquiescência. As análises confirmaram diferenças por sexo similares

Measurement of psychological entitlement in 28 countries

This article presents the cross-cultural validation of the Entitlement Attitudes Questionnaire, a tool designed to measure three facets of psychological entitlement: active, passive, and revenge entitlement. Active entitlement was defined as the tendency to protect individual rights based on self-worthiness. Passive entitlement was defined as the belief in obligations to and expectations toward other people and institutions for the fulfillment of the individual’s needs. Revenge entitlement was defined as the tendency to protect one’s individual rights when violated by others and the tendency to reciprocate insults. The 15-item EAQ was validated in a series of three studies: the first one on a general Polish sample (N = 1,900), the second one on a sample of Polish students (N = 199), and the third one on student samples from 28 countries (N = 5,979). A three-factor solution was confirmed across all samples. Examination of measurement equivalence indicated partial metric invariance of EAQ for all national samples. Discriminant and convergent validity of the EAQ was also confirmed

Cultural Dimensions of Entitlement (Kulturowe wymiary postaw roszczeniowych)

W oparciu o dane z prób studenckich z 27 krajów (N = 6192) sprawdzano uniwersalność trójwymiarowego modelu postaw roszczeniowych - zarówno w obrębie badanych prób krajowych, jak i na poziomie ponadkulturowym. W artykule przedstawiamy model teoretyczny umożliwiający porównania międzykulturowe w odniesieniu do postaw roszczeniowych oraz związki wyróżnionych postaw ze wskaźnikami rozwoju socjoekonomicznego społeczeństw (w tym funkcjonowania demokracji i gospodarki) oraz wartościami kulturowymi Schwartza. Uzyskane wyniki omawiamy w odniesieniu do modelu ekokulturowego Berry’ego oraz teorii rozwoju ludzkiego Ingleharta.On the basis of findings obtained from students samples from 27 countries (N = 6192) applicability of three-dimensional entitlement model on individual and cultural level were tested. In the article we present theoretical model allowing for cross-cultural comparisons of entitlement attitudes and its relations to socioeconomic development of societies (including functioning of democracy and economy) and cultural values by Shalom Schwartz. Obtained results are discussed in the terms of John Berry’s eco-cultural model and Ronald Inglehart’s human development theory

Narcissism and the strategic pursuit of short-term mating : universal links across 11 world regions of the International Sexuality Description Project-2.

Previous studies have documented links between sub-clinical narcissism and the active pursuit of short-term mating strategies (e.g., unrestricted sociosexuality, marital infidelity, mate poaching). Nearly all of these investigations have relied solely on samples from Western cultures. In the current study, responses from a cross-cultural survey of 30,470 people across 53 nations spanning 11 world regions (North America, Central/South America, Northern Europe, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, Southern Europe, Middle East, Africa, Oceania, Southeast Asia, and East Asia) were used to evaluate whether narcissism (as measured by the Narcissistic Personality Inventory; NPI) was universally associated with short-term mating. Results revealed narcissism scores (including two broad factors and seven traditional facets as measured by the NPI) were functionally equivalent across cultures, reliably associating with key sexual outcomes (e.g., more active pursuit of short-term mating, intimate partner violence, and sexual aggression) and sex-related personality traits (e.g., higher extraversion and openness to experience). Whereas some features of personality (e.g., subjective well-being) were universally associated with socially adaptive facets of Narcissism (e.g., self-sufficiency), most indicators of short-term mating (e.g., unrestricted sociosexuality and marital infidelity) were universally associated with the socially maladaptive facets of narcissism (e.g., exploitativeness). Discussion addresses limitations of these cross-culturally universal findings and presents suggestions for future research into revealing the precise psychological features of narcissism that facilitate the strategic pursuit of short-term mating

Narcisismo y búsqueda estratégica del emparejamiento a corto plazo a través de las culturas: Enlaces omnipresentes a través de 11 regiones mundiales del Proyecto de la descripción de la sexualidad internacional 2

Previous studies have documented links between sub-clinical narcissism and the active pursuit of short-term mating strategies (e.g., unrestricted sociosexuality, marital infidelity, mate poaching). Nearly all of these investigations have relied solely on samples from Western cultures. In the current study, responses from a cross-cultural survey of 30,470 people across 53 nations spanning 11 world regions (North America, Central/South America, Northern Europe, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, Southern Europe, Middle East, Africa, Oceania, Southeast Asia, and East Asia) were used to evaluate whether narcissism (as measured by the Narcissistic Personality Inventory; NPI) was universally associated with short-term mating. Results revealed narcissism scores (including two broad factors and seven traditional facets as measured by the NPI) were functionally equivalent across cultures, reliably associating with key sexual outcomes (e.g., more active pursuit of short-term mating, intimate partner violence, and sexual aggression) and sex-related personality traits (e.g., higher extraversion and openness to experience). Whereas some features of personality (e.g., subjective well-being) were universally associated with socially adaptive facets of Narcissism (e.g., self-sufficiency), most indicators of short-term mating (e.g., unrestricted sociosexuality and marital infidelity) were universally associated with the socially maladaptive facets of narcissism (e.g., exploitativeness). Discussion addresses limitations of these cross-culturally universal findings and presents suggestions for future research into revealing the precise psychological features of narcissism that facilitate the strategic pursuit of short-term mating.Estudios previos, en primer lugar a través de las muestras de culturas occidentales, han documentado asociaciones sistemáticas del narcisismo subclínico con múltiples indicadores de estrategias del emparejamiento a corto plazo (p. ej. sociosexualidad ilimitada, infidelidad, caza de pareja). En este estudio se han usado respuestas de la encuesta transcultural de 30.470 personas de 53 naciones de 11 regiones mundiales (América del Norte, América del Sur/América Central, Europa del Norte, Europa del Oeste, Europa del Este, Europa del Sur, Oriente Próximo, África, Asia del Sur/Sudoeste de Asia, Asia del Este y Oceanía) para evaluar si el narcisismo (medido por el Inventario de Personalidad Narcisista; NPI) se asocia panuniversalmente con los indicadores del emparejamiento a corto plazo, tanto en la dirección, como en la intensidad. Los resultados sugieren que el narcisismo (incluidos muchos aspectos suyos medidos por el NPI) tiene las mismas asociaciones básicas con los rasgos de personalidad relacionados con el sexo (p. ej. extraversión alta) y con los resultados sexuales claves (p. ej. búsqueda más activa de las estrategias del emparejamiento a corto plazo) a través de las 11 mayores regiones mundiales del PDSI 2. La discusión se enfoca en las implicaciones y limitaciones del estudio actual

Spirituality and Subjective Well-Being: Evidences for a New Domain in the Personal Well-Being Index

Subjective well-being, Personal well-being index, Spirituality, Eudaimonia,

Subjective Well-Being and Security

VIII, 328 p.online resource

Criação de conhecimento em management: influência das características relacionais e estruturais das redes sociais

This study explores the connection between management knowledge creation and the structural and relational characteristics of social networks. Over a six year period, a panel study on the social network characteristics of 121 researchers and their knowledge production in ISI Web of Knowledge found that the latter parameter manifests a positive association with the number of relationships held by a researcher on his/her network; a quadratic association with relationship strength; and a negative connection with network density. The study concludes that the structural and relational characteristics of social networks have a differential influence on knowledge creation, depending on research discipline. It is suggested to further investigate this influence in other disciplines.Este artículo explora las relaciones entre las características estructurales y relacionales de las redes sociales y la creación de conocimiento en la disciplina de management. A partir de un estudio de panel sobre la publicación académica de 121 investigadores en el ISI Web of Knowledge durante un período de seis años, y sobre las características de sus redes sociales, se identifica una relación positiva entre el número de relaciones del investigador en su red y la creación de conocimiento, una asociación cuadrática entre la fortaleza de sus relaciones y la creación de conocimiento, y una relación negativa entre la densidad de su red y la creación de conocimiento. Se concluye que las características estructurales y relacionales de las redes sociales tienen distinta influencia en la producción dependiendo de la disciplina objeto de investigación y se recomienda investigar esa influencia en otras disciplinas científicas.Este artigo explora, sob uma perspectiva de redes interpessoais e criação de conhecimento, as relações entre as características estruturais erelacionais das redes sociais e a criação de conhecimento na disciplina de management. A partir de um estudo depainel sobre a publicação de 121 pesquisadores no ISI Web of Knowledge em um período de seis anos, e sobre as características de suas redes sociais, identifica-seuma relação positiva entre o número de relações do pesquisador em sua rede e a criação de conhecimento, uma associação quadrática entre a fortaleza de suasrelações e a criação de conhecimento, e uma relação negativa entre a densidade de sua rede e a criação de conhecimento. Conclui-se que as característicasestruturais e relacionais das redes sociais têm diferente influência na produção, dependendo da disciplina objeto de pesquisa e recomenda-se pesquisar essa influênciaem outras disciplinas científicas

Tipos, modos de generación y gobernanza del conocimiento para la gestión de biodiversidad

This article presents a conceptual framework developed for the analysis of the organizational structure of the Science � Policy interface for biodiversity management in Colombia. A presentation of the changes underwent by the concept of biological diversity since 1992 is followed by a brief description of some emerging unexpected issues regarding biodiversity management. After arguing on the necessary complementation of the so called �two cultures in science and ecology�, the components of an integrated approach to knowledge are presented: discipline-orientated, integrative, interpretative and adaptive science. The concepts of epistemic and essential uncertainty are presented, and complemented with a discussion on societal risks associated to political decisions. It is then argued for the need of a balanced interplay between basic and integrative science, which are presented as related to two modes of knowledge production. We conclude that a new governance model for knowledge production is needed, encouraging openness and learning, on the basis of equilibrium between types, modes and knowledge governance. On the short term, we argue for the need of strengthening integrative science and knowledge network management, for urgent biodiversity conservation.Sont présentés des éléments conceptuels d�une réflexion sur l�interface science/politique dans la gestion de la biodiversité en Colombie. L�évolution du concept de diversité biologique et de thèmes inattendus qui surgissent autour de sa gestion depuis 1992 est exposée. Après avoir argumenté sur la nécessaire complémentarité entre les cultures scientifiques, les composantes de la connaissance en sciences basique, analytique, interprétative et adaptative sont différenciées. Les concepts d�incertitude épistémique et essentielle sont révisés ainsi que la dimension du risque dans la prise de décision. Est argumenté que les deux cultures scientifiques, les composantes et la gouvernance de la connaissance et le type d�incertitude sont en relation avec deux modes de production de la connaissance, pour conclure sur la nécessité de dessiner de nouveaux schémas de gouvernance de la connaissance qui permettent de créer des espaces pour l�apprentissage et l�innovation, avec l�intégration et l�équilibre des composants de la connaissance dans une institution située dans l�interface connaissance/décisions. Emphase est faite sur l�urgence de la science intégrative et interprétative, sur la gestion de réseaux et gouvernance de la connaissance pour la gestion de la biodiversité.Se presentan elementos conceptuales de una reflexión sobre la interfaz Ciencia-Política en el manejo de la biodiversidad en Colombia. Se expone la evolución del concepto de diversidad biológica y temas inesperados que surgen en torno a su gestión desde 1992. Después de argumentar la necesaria complementariedad entre las culturas científicas, se diferencian los componentes del conocimiento en ciencia básica, analítica, interpretativa y adaptativa. Se revisan los conceptos de incertidumbre epistémica y esencial, y se presenta la dimensión del riesgo en la toma de decisiones. Se argumenta que las dos culturas científicas, los componentes y la gobernanza del conocimiento y el tipo de incertidumbre, se relacionan con dos modos de producción de conocimiento. Se concluye sobre la necesidad de diseñar nuevos esquemas de gobernanza del conocimiento que permitan crear espacios para el aprendizaje y la innovación, con la integración y el equilibrio de los componentes de conocimiento en una institución situada en la interfaz conocimiento-decisiones. Se enfatiza la urgencia de la ciencia integrativa e interpretativa y la gestión de redes y gobernanza del conocimiento, para la gestión de la biodiversidad