Methodology for Developing the REScheckTM Software through Version 4.4.2

The Energy Policy Act of 1992 (EPAct, Public Law 102-486) establishes the 1992 Model Energy Code (MEC), published by the Council of American Building Officials (CABO), as the target for several energy-related requirements for residential buildings (CABO 1992). The U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) and the U.S. Department of Agriculture (via Rural Economic and Community Development [RECD] [formerly Farmers Home Administration]) are required to establish standards for government-assisted housing that 'meet or exceed the requirements of the Council of American Building Officials Model Energy Code, 1992.' CABO issued 1992, 1993, and 1995 editions of the MEC (CABO 1992, 1993, and 1995)

Pulse Jet Mixing Tests With Noncohesive Solids

This report summarizes results from pulse jet mixing (PJM) tests with noncohesive solids in Newtonian liquid conducted during FY 2007 and 2008 to support the design of mixing systems for the Hanford Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant (WTP). Tests were conducted at three geometric scales using noncohesive simulants. The test data were used to independently develop mixing models that can be used to predict full-scale WTP vessel performance and to rate current WTP mixing system designs against two specific performance requirements. One requirement is to ensure that all solids have been disturbed during the mixing action, which is important to release gas from the solids. The second requirement is to maintain a suspended solids concentration below 20 weight percent at the pump inlet. The models predict the height to which solids will be lifted by the PJM action, and the minimum velocity needed to ensure all solids have been lifted from the floor. From the cloud height estimate we can calculate the concentration of solids at the pump inlet. The velocity needed to lift the solids is slightly more demanding than "disturbing" the solids, and is used as a surrogate for this metric. We applied the models to assess WTP mixing vessel performance with respect to the two perform¬ance requirements. Each mixing vessel was evaluated against these two criteria for two defined waste conditions. One of the wastes was defined by design limits and one was derived from Hanford waste characterization reports. The assessment predicts that three vessel types will satisfy the design criteria for all conditions evaluated. Seven vessel types will not satisfy the performance criteria used for any of the conditions evaluated. The remaining three vessel types provide varying assessments when the different particle characteristics are evaluated. The assessment predicts that three vessel types will satisfy the design criteria for all conditions evaluated. Seven vessel types will not satisfy the performance criteria used for any of the conditions evaluated. The remaining three vessel types provide varying assessments when the different particle characteristics are evaluated. The HLP-022 vessel was also evaluated using 12 m/s pulse jet velocity with 6-in. nozzles, and this design also did not satisfy the criteria for all of the conditions evaluated

The concept of transport capacity in geomorphology

The notion of sediment-transport capacity has been engrained in geomorphological and related literature for over 50 years, although its earliest roots date back explicitly to Gilbert in fluvial geomorphology in the 1870s and implicitly to eighteenth to nineteenth century developments in engineering. Despite cross fertilization between different process domains, there seem to have been independent inventions of the idea in aeolian geomorphology by Bagnold in the 1930s and in hillslope studies by Ellison in the 1940s. Here we review the invention and development of the idea of transport capacity in the fluvial, aeolian, coastal, hillslope, débris flow, and glacial process domains. As these various developments have occurred, different definitions have been used, which makes it both a difficult concept to test, and one that may lead to poor communications between those working in different domains of geomorphology. We argue that the original relation between the power of a flow and its ability to transport sediment can be challenged for three reasons. First, as sediment becomes entrained in a flow, the nature of the flow changes and so it is unreasonable to link the capacity of the water or wind only to the ability of the fluid to move sediment. Secondly, environmental sediment transport is complicated, and the range of processes involved in most movements means that simple relationships are unlikely to hold, not least because the movement of sediment often changes the substrate, which in turn affects the flow conditions. Thirdly, the inherently stochastic nature of sediment transport means that any capacity relationships do not scale either in time or in space. Consequently, new theories of sediment transport are needed to improve understanding and prediction and to guide measurement and management of all geomorphic systems

Methodology for Developing the REScheckTM Software through Version 4.4.2

The Energy Policy Act of 1992 (EPAct, Public Law 102-486) establishes the 1992 Model Energy Code (MEC), published by the Council of American Building Officials (CABO), as the target for several energy-related requirements for residential buildings (CABO 1992). The U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) and the U.S. Department of Agriculture (via Rural Economic and Community Development [RECD] [formerly Farmers Home Administration]) are required to establish standards for government-assisted housing that 'meet or exceed the requirements of the Council of American Building Officials Model Energy Code, 1992.' CABO issued 1992, 1993, and 1995 editions of the MEC (CABO 1992, 1993, and 1995)

Methodology for Developing the REScheckTM Software through Version 4.4.3

The Energy Policy Act of 1992 (EPAct, Public Law 102-486) establishes the 1992 Model Energy Code (MEC), published by the Council of American Building Officials (CABO), as the target for several energy-related requirements for residential buildings (CABO 1992). The U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) and the U.S. Department of Agriculture (via Rural Economic and Community Development [RECD] [formerly Farmers Home Administration]) are required to establish standards for government-assisted housing that “meet or exceed the requirements of the Council of American Building Officials Model Energy Code, 1992.” CABO issued 1992, 1993, and 1995 editions of the MEC (CABO 1992, 1993, and 1995). Effective December 4, 1995, CABO assigned all rights and responsibilities for the MEC to the International Code Council (ICC). The first edition of the ICC’s International Energy Conservation Code (ICC 1998) issued in 1998 therefore replaced the 1995 edition of the MEC. The 1998 IECC incorporates the provisions of the 1995 MEC and includes the technical content of the MEC as modified by approved changes from the 1995, 1996, and 1997 code development cycles. The ICC subsequently issued the 2000 edition of the IECC (ICC 1999). Many states and local jurisdictions have adopted one edition of the MEC or IECC as the basis for their energy code. In a Federal Register notice issued January 10, 2001 (FR Vol. 99, No. 7, page 1964), the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) concluded that the 1998 and 2000 editions of the IECC improve energy efficiency over the 1995 MEC. DOE has previously issued notices that the 1993 and 1995 MEC also improved energy efficiency compared to the preceding editions. To help builders comply with the MEC and IECC requirements, and to help HUD, RECD, and state and local code officials enforce these code requirements, DOE tasked Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) with developing the MECcheck™ compliance materials. In November 2002, MECcheck was renamed REScheck™ to better identify it as a residential code compliance tool. The “MEC” in MECcheck was outdated because it was taken from the Model Energy Code, which has been succeeded by the IECC. The “RES” in REScheck is also a better fit with the companion commercial product, COMcheck™. The easy-to-use REScheck compliance materials include a compliance and enforcement manual for all the MEC and IECC requirements and three compliance approaches for meeting the code’s thermal envelope requirements─prescriptive packages, software, and a trade-off worksheet (included in the compliance manual). The compliance materials can be used for single-family and low-rise multifamily dwellings. The materials allow building energy efficiency measures (such as insulation levels) to be “traded off” against each other, allowing a wide variety of building designs to comply with the code. This report explains the methodology used to develop Version 4.4.3 of the REScheck software developed for the 1992, 1993, and 1995 editions of the MEC, and the 1998, 2000, 2003, 2006, 2007, 2009, and 2012 editions of the IECC, and the 2006 edition of the International Residential Code (IRC). Although some requirements contained in these codes have changed, the methodology used to develop the REScheck software for these editions is similar. Beginning with REScheck Version 4.4.0, support for 1992, 1993, and 1995 MEC and the 1998 IECC is no longer included, but those sections remain in this document for reference purposes. REScheck assists builders in meeting the most complicated part of the code─the building envelope Uo-, U-, and R-value requirements in Section 502 of the code. This document details the calculations and assumptions underlying the treatment of the code requirements in REScheck, with a major emphasis on the building envelope requirements

Methodology for Developing the REScheckTM Software through Version 4.4.3

The Energy Policy Act of 1992 (EPAct, Public Law 102-486) establishes the 1992 Model Energy Code (MEC), published by the Council of American Building Officials (CABO), as the target for several energy-related requirements for residential buildings (CABO 1992). The U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) and the U.S. Department of Agriculture (via Rural Economic and Community Development [RECD] [formerly Farmers Home Administration]) are required to establish standards for government-assisted housing that “meet or exceed the requirements of the Council of American Building Officials Model Energy Code, 1992.” CABO issued 1992, 1993, and 1995 editions of the MEC (CABO 1992, 1993, and 1995). Effective December 4, 1995, CABO assigned all rights and responsibilities for the MEC to the International Code Council (ICC). The first edition of the ICC’s International Energy Conservation Code (ICC 1998) issued in 1998 therefore replaced the 1995 edition of the MEC. The 1998 IECC incorporates the provisions of the 1995 MEC and includes the technical content of the MEC as modified by approved changes from the 1995, 1996, and 1997 code development cycles. The ICC subsequently issued the 2000 edition of the IECC (ICC 1999). Many states and local jurisdictions have adopted one edition of the MEC or IECC as the basis for their energy code. In a Federal Register notice issued January 10, 2001 (FR Vol. 99, No. 7, page 1964), the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) concluded that the 1998 and 2000 editions of the IECC improve energy efficiency over the 1995 MEC. DOE has previously issued notices that the 1993 and 1995 MEC also improved energy efficiency compared to the preceding editions. To help builders comply with the MEC and IECC requirements, and to help HUD, RECD, and state and local code officials enforce these code requirements, DOE tasked Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) with developing the MECcheck™ compliance materials. In November 2002, MECcheck was renamed REScheck™ to better identify it as a residential code compliance tool. The “MEC” in MECcheck was outdated because it was taken from the Model Energy Code, which has been succeeded by the IECC. The “RES” in REScheck is also a better fit with the companion commercial product, COMcheck™. The easy-to-use REScheck compliance materials include a compliance and enforcement manual for all the MEC and IECC requirements and three compliance approaches for meeting the code’s thermal envelope requirements─prescriptive packages, software, and a trade-off worksheet (included in the compliance manual). The compliance materials can be used for single-family and low-rise multifamily dwellings. The materials allow building energy efficiency measures (such as insulation levels) to be “traded off” against each other, allowing a wide variety of building designs to comply with the code. This report explains the methodology used to develop Version 4.4.3 of the REScheck software developed for the 1992, 1993, and 1995 editions of the MEC, and the 1998, 2000, 2003, 2006, 2007, 2009, and 2012 editions of the IECC, and the 2006 edition of the International Residential Code (IRC). Although some requirements contained in these codes have changed, the methodology used to develop the REScheck software for these editions is similar. Beginning with REScheck Version 4.4.0, support for 1992, 1993, and 1995 MEC and the 1998 IECC is no longer included, but those sections remain in this document for reference purposes. REScheck assists builders in meeting the most complicated part of the code─the building envelope Uo-, U-, and R-value requirements in Section 502 of the code. This document details the calculations and assumptions underlying the treatment of the code requirements in REScheck, with a major emphasis on the building envelope requirements

Methodology for Developing the REScheckTM Software through Version 4.2

This report explains the methodology used to develop Version 4.2 of the REScheck software developed for the 1992, 1993, and 1995 editions of the MEC, and the 1998, 2000, 2003, and 2006 editions of the IECC, and the 2006 edition of the International Residential Code (IRC). Although some requirements contained in these codes have changed, the methodology used to develop the REScheck software for these five editions is similar. REScheck assists builders in meeting the most complicated part of the code─the building envelope Uo-, U-, and R-value requirements in Section 502 of the code. This document details the calculations and assumptions underlying the treatment of the code requirements in REScheck, with a major emphasis on the building envelope requirements