A novel emaravirus comprising five RNA segments is associated with ringspot disease in oak

We report the complete nucleotide sequence of the genome of a novel virus in ringspot-diseased common oak (Quercus robur L.). The newly identified pathogen is associated with leaf symptoms such as mottle, chlorotic spots and ringspots on diseased trees. High-throughput sequencing (HTS, Illumina RNASeq) was used to explore the virome of a ringspot-diseased oak that had chlorotic ringspots of suspected viral origin on leaves for several years. Bioinformatic analysis of the HTS dataset followed by RT-PCR enabled us to determine complete sequences of four RNA genome segments of a novel virus. These sequences showed high similarity to members of the genus Emaravirus, which includes segmented negative-stranded RNA viruses of economic importance. To verify the ends of each RNA, we conducted rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). We identified an additional genome segment (RNA 5) by RT-PCR using a genus-specific primer (PDAP213) to the conserved 3´ and 5´termini in order to amplify full-length genome segments. RNA 5 encodes a 21-kDa protein that is homologous to the silencing suppressor P8 of High Plains wheat mosaic virus. The five viral RNAs were consistently detected by RT-PCR in ringspot-diseased oaks in Germany, Sweden, and Norway. We conclude that the virus represents a new member of the genus Emaravirus affecting oaks in Germany and in Scandinavia, and we propose the name “common oak ringspot-associated emaravirus” (CORaV).FAZIT Stiftung http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100003099Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659European Cooperation in Science and Technology http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000921Projekt DEALPeer Reviewe

Pepino mosaic virus, a first report of a virus infecting tomato in Syria

This is the first report of Pepino mosaic virus (PepMV) occurring in tomato plants grown in plastic greenhouses in a Mediterranean city in Syria. One tomato fruit from sixty samples tested positive for this virus by DAS-ELISA. Biotest assay, RT-PCR, and sequencing confirmed the presence of PepMV. The highest sequence identity of the Syrian isolate was with the EU-tomato strains of PepMV

Pollen production of downy birch (Betula pubescens Ehrh.) along an altitudinal gradient in the European Alps

High-altitude environments are highly susceptible to the effects of climate change. Thus, it is crucial to examine and understand the behaviour of specific plant traits along altitudinal gradients, which offer a real-life laboratory for analysing future impacts of climate change. The available information on how pollen production varies at different altitudes in mountainous areas is limited. In this study, we investigated pollen production of 17 birch (Betula pubescens Ehrh.) individuals along an altitudinal gradient in the European Alps. We sampled catkins at nine locations in the years 2020–2021 and monitored air temperatures. We investigated how birch pollen, flowers and inflorescences are produced in relation to thermal factors at various elevations. We found that mean pollen production of Betula pubescens Ehrh. varied between 0.4 and 8.3 million pollen grains per catkin. We did not observe any significant relationships between the studied reproductive metrics and altitude. However, minimum temperature of the previous summer was found to be significantly correlated to pollen (rs = 0.504, p = 0.039), flower (rs = 0.613, p = 0.009) and catkin (rs = 0.642, p = 0.005) production per volume unit of crown. Therefore, we suggest that temperature variability even at such small scales is very important for studying the response related to pollen production

Evaluación preliminar de virus asociados a sistemas productivos de uchuva, gulupa y rosa

1 recurso en línea (páginas 390-396).Plant viruses may pose a threat to crops in Colombia. To evaluate the potential risk of yield losses due to plant virus infection, a literature analysis followed by a first field study was carried out focusing on purple passion fruit (Passiflora edulis Sims), cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana L.), and ornamental rose (Rosa sp.), which are important Colombian exports. Over the past three years, plant material was collected from 21 farms in Cundinamarca and Boyacá, Colombia, two regions that are in close proximity to El Dorado International Airport, the country’s largest air freight terminal. Plants were visually inspected and subsequently tested by bioassay and serological methods. Overall, in the samples investigated by the two diagnostic methods, plant viruses were detected. Detected viruses belong to the genus Poty-, Tobamo-, Nepo-, Ilar-, and Tospovirus. The extent of the distribution and occurrence of these viruses in each crop has to be determined in a representative field study. Such a monitoring program could be supported by a standardized farmer interview. The development of suitable plant virus diagnostic and managements tools is the focus of a cooperation project between German and Colombian universities, the Colombian Agricultural Institute (ICA), the Colombian Corporation of Agricultural Investigation (AGROSAVIA) and the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT).Los virus representan una amenaza para las plantas cultivadas en Colombia, y algunos estudios indican que las pérdidas económicas causadas por estos problemas fitosanitarios podrían evitarse mediante procedimientos preventivos estándar. Como objeto de estudio, se seleccionaron tres importantes productos de Colombia, como lo son: rosa ornamental (Rosa sp.), uchuva (Physalis peruviana L.) y gulupa (Passiflora edulis Sims). En el presente artículo, se muestran los primeros desarrollos resultantes del monitoreo de virus en estas plantas, para determinar el estado de las virosis en fincas colombianas. Se realizaron análisis serológicos de 21 fincas en Cundinamarca y Boyacá, Colombia, en 2016-18. El objetivo de esta investigación fue el desarrollo de un protocolo piloto para el diagnóstico rutinario, que se pueda aplicar en un programa de certificación de material vegetal para la determinación de la presencia de virus, en varios productos hortícolas colombianos. Con base en este protocolo, se pueden determinar los riesgos que representan ciertos virus y se puede considerar la necesidad de certificar el material de siembra evaluado según la presencia de virus. Se están desarrollando herramientas de diagnóstico confiables y prácticas, para la detección de los virus más relevantes, en un proyecto conjunto entre universidades alemanas y colombianas, el Instituto Colombiano de Agropecuario (ICA), la Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria (AGROSAVIA) y el Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT).Bibliografía: páginas 395-39

2021 Taxonomic update of phylum Negarnaviricota (Riboviria: Orthornavirae), including the large orders Bunyavirales and Mononegavirales.

Correction to: 2021 Taxonomic update of phylum Negarnaviricota (Riboviria: Orthornavirae), including the large orders Bunyavirales and Mononegavirales. Archives of Virology (2021) 166:3567–3579. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-021-05266-wIn March 2021, following the annual International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) ratification vote on newly proposed taxa, the phylum Negarnaviricota was amended and emended. The phylum was expanded by four families (Aliusviridae, Crepuscuviridae, Myriaviridae, and Natareviridae), three subfamilies (Alpharhabdovirinae, Betarhabdovirinae, and Gammarhabdovirinae), 42 genera, and 200 species. Thirty-nine species were renamed and/or moved and seven species were abolished. This article presents the updated taxonomy of Negarnaviricota as now accepted by the ICTV.This work was supported in part through Laulima Government Solutions, LLC prime contract with the US National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) under Contract No. HHSN272201800013C. J.H.K. performed this work as an employee of Tunnell Government Services (TGS), a subcontractor of Laulima Government Solutions, LLC under Contract No. HHSN272201800013C. This work was also supported in part with federal funds from the National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), under Contract No. 75N91019D00024, Task Order No. 75N91019F00130 to I.C., who was supported by the Clinical Monitoring Research Program Directorate, Frederick National Lab for Cancer Research. This work was also funded in part by Contract No. HSHQDC-15-C-00064 awarded by DHS S&T for the management and operation of The National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center, a federally funded research and development center operated by the Battelle National Biodefense Institute (V.W.); and NIH contract HHSN272201000040I/HHSN27200004/D04 and grant R24AI120942 (N.V., R.B.T.). S.S. acknowledges partial support from the Special Research Initiative of Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station (MAFES), Mississippi State University, and the National Institute of Food and Agriculture, US Department of Agriculture, Hatch Project 1021494. Part of this work was supported by the Francis Crick Institute which receives its core funding from Cancer Research UK (FC001030), the UK Medical Research Council (FC001030), and the Wellcome Trust (FC001030).S

Annual (2023) taxonomic update of RNA-directed RNA polymerase-encoding negative-sense RNA viruses (realm Riboviria: kingdom Orthornavirae: phylum Negarnaviricota)

55 Pág.In April 2023, following the annual International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) ratification vote on newly proposed taxa, the phylum Negarnaviricota was amended and emended. The phylum was expanded by one new family, 14 new genera, and 140 new species. Two genera and 538 species were renamed. One species was moved, and four were abolished. This article presents the updated taxonomy of Negarnaviricota as now accepted by the ICTV.This work was supported in part through the Laulima Government Solutions, LLC, prime contract with the U.S. National Institute of Allergy and Infec tious Diseases (NIAID) under Contract No. HHSN272201800013C. J.H.K. performed this work as an employee of Tunnell Government Services (TGS), a subcontractor of Laulima Government Solutions, LLC, under Contract No. HHSN272201800013C. U.J.B. was supported by the Division of Intramural Resarch, NIAID. This work was also funded in part by Contract No. HSHQDC15-C-00064 awarded by DHS S and T for the management and operation of The National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Centre, a federally funded research and development centre operated by the Battelle National Biodefense Institute (V.W.); and NIH contract HHSN272201000040I/HHSN27200004/D04 and grant R24AI120942 (N.V., R.B.T.). S.S. acknowl edges support from the Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station (MAFES), USDA-ARS project 58-6066-9-033 and the National Institute of Food and Agriculture, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Hatch Project, under Accession Number 1021494. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analysis, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript; or in the decision to publish the results. The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of the U.S. Department of the Army, the U.S. Department of Defence, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, including the Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Science and Technology Directorate (S and T), or of the institutions and companies affiliated with the authors. In no event shall any of these entities have any responsibility or liability for any use, misuse, inability to use, or reliance upon the information contained herein. The U.S. departments do not endorse any products or commercial services mentioned in this publication. The U.S. Government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the U.S.Government retains a non-exclusive, paid up, irrevocable, world-wide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for U.S. Government purposes.Peer reviewe

2021 Taxonomic update of phylum Negarnaviricota (Riboviria: Orthornavirae), including the large orders Bunyavirales and Mononegavirales.

In March 2021, following the annual International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) ratification vote on newly proposed taxa, the phylum Negarnaviricota was amended and emended. The phylum was expanded by four families (Aliusviridae, Crepuscuviridae, Myriaviridae, and Natareviridae), three subfamilies (Alpharhabdovirinae, Betarhabdovirinae, and Gammarhabdovirinae), 42 genera, and 200 species. Thirty-nine species were renamed and/or moved and seven species were abolished. This article presents the updated taxonomy of Negarnaviricota as now accepted by the ICTV

Cherry leaf roll virus abundant on Betula pubescens in Finland

Virus-related symptoms such as vein banding, leaf roll, chlorosis and subsequent necrosis on birch leaves were increasingly recorded throughout Finland since 2002. They are widespread in this country and have also been detected in northern Norway and Sweden. Symptomatic foliage has so far been found on Betula pendula, B. pubescens, B. pubescens subsp. czerepanovii, and B. nana. A Cherry leaf roll virus (CLRV) specific IC-RT-PCR was applied to young leaves, buds and catkins of symptomatic shoots of nineteen pubescent and one silver birch trees grown in the centre of Rovaniemi, Finland. CLRV was found in seventeen B. pubescens trees. This is the first time that B. pubescens has been confirmed to be a host species for CLRV in Finland. Nor has CLRV been recorded earlier in northern Finland.</ja:p

Identification of an Emaravirus in a Common Oak (Quercus robur L.) Conservation Seed Orchard in Germany

We observed the health status of oak trees in a conservation seed orchard for over twenty years, focusing on characteristic virus-suspected symptoms. The orchard was established in 1992 in Kreuztal, North Rhine-Westphalia (Germany) with 1302 seedlings in 186 clusters. The number of seedlings showing chlorotic ringspots and mottle on leaves has fluctuated annually, but has increased from 3.3% to 12.1% in the last 20 years; the number of affected clusters has risen from 8% to 25.9%. A scientific breakthrough was the identification of a novel virus related to members of the genus Emaravirus in diseased oak by high-throughput sequencing (HTS). Screening of the oak seedlings in three consecutive years, using a newly established virus-specific diagnostic reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), confirmed the virus infection and revealed a close to 100% association between the observed leaf symptoms and the novel virus. As no other plant virus could be identified in the HTS-datasets, we assume the novel virus is primarily causing the symptoms. To reliably detect the novel virus in oaks, RT-PCR targeting the viral RNA3 or RNA4 should be applied in routine testing of symptomatic leaf tissue. It was obvious that most groups with virus-infected plants cluster, with only five out of the 42 affected groups being offside, not bordering on other affected groups of plants. There was no clear correlation between the detection of the virus and the overall vitality of the seedlings. There was no relation between seedling performance and presence or absence of viral infection. Forecasts on the future growth behavior of these virus-infected oak trees are therefore not possible.Deutsche ForschungsgemeinschaftEuropean Cooperation in Science and TechnologyFAZIT StiftungPeer Reviewe

Kirsikankierrelehtivirus hieskoivulla Suomessa

TutkimusselosteSeloste artikkelista: Jalkanen, R., Büttner, C. & von Bargen, S. 2007. Cherry leaf roll virus abundant on Betula pubescens in Finland. Silva Fennica 41(4): 755–762