From art to science: the functional damage due to thumb osteoarthritis finely described by Velazquez 300 years before its clinical description

Velazquez showed to know the entity of thumb osteoarthritis by finely describing it in one of his paintings. The concepts of anatomical damage, loss of strenght, and functional impairment are transmitted to the observer

The hominid thumb and its influence on the employment during evolution

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Effects of ischemic compression on trigger points in the first dorsal interosseous muscle in patients with thumb carpometacarpal osteoarthritis

Background: Thumb carpometacarpal osteoarthritis (CMC OA) is a common disorder that interferes with the ability to perform the activities of daily life. The purpose of this study was to investigate the immediate effects of ischemic compression on myofascial trigger points (MTrPs) in the first dorsal interosseous (FDI) muscle in patients with the diagnosis of thumb CMC OA. Methods: In a quasi-experimental clinical trial, thirty-one patients, 87% female (age: 82 ± 9.4 years), with thumb CMC OA, were consecutively assigned to either an experimental treatment that included the ischemic compression of the FDI MTrP or a sham treatment of the FDI MTrP for one session. The main outcome considered in the study was the pressure pain threshold (PPT). Measurements were taken pre-and post-treatment and at a 1-week follow-up period. Results: The PPT over the right (affected) FDI muscle showed statistically significant differences between groups at 1-week follow up (F = 3.518; p = 0.04) in favor of the experimental group. Conclusions: The ischemic compression of FDI-MTrPs is an appropriate part of a multimodal treatment to decrease local pain sensitivity in patients with CMC OA

Professional Use of Social Media Among physiotherapy teachers: Results of a Multi-Institutional Study

[EN] Main objective is to know the professional use and perception of social networks by teachers of the Physiotherapy degree in Spanish Universities. To achieve this objective, our methodological approach has been based on the elaboration of a questionnaire of 7 questions that has been distributed among teachers of different Spanish Universities Physiotherapy degrees There is a great diversity in the use of social networks for academic purposes among the teachers of Spanish universities. Only 37% of participants use them for teaching purposes, with YouTube being the most used (76.5%) followed by Facebook. Others like Instagram or twitter are not used for teaching purposes. The use of social networks among physiotherapy teachers is not widespread and directly depends on the preferences of the teacher, although the social network most used for teaching purposes is YouTube, we can not know if these teachers use their own channels or references of other professionals . It is necessary an in-depth study about the advantages and disadvantages of the use of social networks as a means more than in a regulated way can be properly incorporated in university teaching programs.[ES] El objetivo de este estudio es conocer el uso profesional y la percepción de las redes sociales por parte de los docentes del grado de Fisioterapia en las Universidades Españolas. Para acometer este objetivo, nuestro enfoque metodológico se ha basado en la elaboración de un cuestionario de 7 preguntas que se ha distribuido entre docentes de diferentes grados de Fisioterapia de Universidades Españolas. Existe una gran diversidad en cuanto al uso de redes sociales con fines académicos entre los docentes de las universidades españolas. Solo el 37% de los encuestados las usa con fines docentes, siendo YouTube la red social utilizada con mayor frecuencia entre los encuestados (76,5%) seguida por Facebook. Otras como Instagram o twitter no se emplean con fines docentes. El uso de redes sociales entre los docentes de Fisioterapia no está generalizado y depende directamente de las preferencias del docente, aunque la red social más empleada con fines docente sea YouTube, no podemos saber si estos docentes emplean canales propios o referencias de otras profesionales. Es necesario un estudio en profundidad a cerca de las ventajas y desventajas del uso de las redes sociales como un medio más que de forma reglada pueda incorporarse adecuadamente en los programas docentes universitarios.A los docentes del grado de fisioterapia de las diferentes universidades españolas por cedernos su tiempo y por su participación desinteresada en este estudio.Cantero Tellez, R. (2018). Uso profesional de las redes sociales por los Docentes de grado de Fisioterapia. Estudio Multi- Institucional. 227-234. doi:10.4995/redu.2018.9171SWORD22723

Chloride ion penetrability and corrosion behavior of steel in concrete with sustainability characteristics

Postprint (published version

Tracking development assistance for health and for COVID-19 : a review of development assistance, government, out-of-pocket, and other private spending on health for 204 countries and territories, 1990-2050

Background The rapid spread of COVID-19 renewed the focus on how health systems across the globe are financed, especially during public health emergencies. Development assistance is an important source of health financing in many low-income countries, yet little is known about how much of this funding was disbursed for COVID-19. We aimed to put development assistance for health for COVID-19 in the context of broader trends in global health financing, and to estimate total health spending from 1995 to 2050 and development assistance for COVID-19 in 2020. Methods We estimated domestic health spending and development assistance for health to generate total health-sector spending estimates for 204 countries and territories. We leveraged data from the WHO Global Health Expenditure Database to produce estimates of domestic health spending. To generate estimates for development assistance for health, we relied on project-level disbursement data from the major international development agencies' online databases and annual financial statements and reports for information on income sources. To adjust our estimates for 2020 to include disbursements related to COVID-19, we extracted project data on commitments and disbursements from a broader set of databases (because not all of the data sources used to estimate the historical series extend to 2020), including the UN Office of Humanitarian Assistance Financial Tracking Service and the International Aid Transparency Initiative. We reported all the historic and future spending estimates in inflation-adjusted 2020 US$, 2020 US$ per capita, purchasing-power parity-adjusted US$per capita, and as a proportion of gross domestic product. We used various models to generate future health spending to 2050. Findings In 2019, health spending globally reached$8. 8 trillion (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 8.7-8.8) or $1132 (1119-1143) per person. Spending on health varied within and across income groups and geographical regions. Of this total,$40.4 billion (0.5%, 95% UI 0.5-0.5) was development assistance for health provided to low-income and middle-income countries, which made up 24.6% (UI 24.0-25.1) of total spending in low-income countries. We estimate that $54.8 billion in development assistance for health was disbursed in 2020. Of this,$13.7 billion was targeted toward the COVID-19 health response. $12.3 billion was newly committed and$1.4 billion was repurposed from existing health projects. $3.1 billion (22.4$2.4 billion (17.9%) was for supply chain and logistics. Only $714.4 million (7.7$1519 (1448-1591) per person in 2050, although spending across countries is expected to remain varied. Interpretation Global health spending is expected to continue to grow, but remain unequally distributed between countries. We estimate that development organisations substantially increased the amount of development assistance for health provided in 2020. Continued efforts are needed to raise sufficient resources to mitigate the pandemic for the most vulnerable, and to help curtail the pandemic for all. Copyright (C) 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.Peer reviewe

From art to science: the functional damage due to thumb osteoarthritis finely described by Velazquez 300 years before its clinical description

Velazquez showed to know the entity of thumb osteoarthritis by finely describing it in one of his paintings. The concepts of anatomical damage, loss of strenght, and functional impairment are transmitted to the observer

The diagnostic accuracy of five tests for diagnosing partial-thickness tears of the supraspinatus tendon: A cohort study

Study design A cohort study. Introduction The causes of the pain can be difficult for clinicians to diagnose due to the complexity of the shoulder anatomy and the wide spectrum of shoulder conditions. Purpose of the study The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical usefulness of provocative diagnostic tests, in patients with partial-thickness tears of the supraspinatus (SST) tendon. Methods The partial-thickness tears SST tendon group consisted of 50 patients and 50 subjects with shoulder pain. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and likelihood ratios of five physical examination tests were calculated using a 2 × 2 table. Results All the tests exhibited clinical useful positive LR greater than 2 (all, >7.0). The Yocum, Jobe, and Hawkinse-Kennedy exhibited clinically useful negative LR of less than 0.5. Conclusions The provocative tests examined were clinically useful in determining the presence or absence of pathology of the supraspinatus tendon. Level of evidence 2b. © 2015 Hanley & Belfus

Quality of life in normal and idiopathic scoliosis adolescents before diagnosis: Reference values and discriminative validity of the SRS-22. A cross-sectional study of 1,205 pupils

Background context The Scoliosis Research Society 22 Questionnaire (SRS-22) has shown to worsen with increasing deformity in adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). However, all the studies have been performed on patients who have already been diagnosed and in relatively small samples. Purpose The purposes of this study were to evaluate a large sample of consecutive patients before diagnosis to develop reference values and check the discriminative validity and correlation with deformity of the SRS-22. Study design/setting This is a cross-sectional study, with patients referred to a specialized outpatient scoliosis rehabilitation institute. Patient sample The recruited subjects were 1,205 consecutive adolescents, 75% females (13.7±1.9 years), before their first scoliosis evaluation. Five subgroups were 0°-10° Cobb (normal) and 11° to 20°, 21° to 30°, 31° to 40°, and greater than 40° (AIS). Outcome measures The outcome measure is based on the SRS-22. Methods The SRS-22 was used to examine the differences between the domains of the five subgroups and total scores, and it was correlated with Cobb degrees and curve location. We used one-way analysis of variance and Spearman rho test. Results Apart from the self-image domain in both genders and all subgroups, all other scores were greater than 4 points with small standard deviations. Females showed significant differences among groups for all domains and total score (p.1). All differences found were less than the minimally clinically significant change (0.5 points). The correlations with the severity of deformity measures were very low (rs<0.289). Conclusions According to our results, deformity is apparently not a real issue for AIS before diagnosis made, treatment planned, and/or specialists interfere with their everyday life. Scoliosis Research Society 22 Questionnaire demonstrated some discriminative validity between small and large curves, but the differences found were small. © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved

Ulnar digits contribution to grip strength in patients with thumb carpometacarpal osteoarthritis is less than in normal controls

Background: Grip testing is commonly used as an objective measure of strength in the hand and upper extremity and is frequently used clinically as a proxy measure of function. Increasing knowledge of hand biomechanics, muscle strength, and prehension patterns can provide us with a better understanding of the functional capabilities of the hand. The objectives of this study were to determine the contribution of ulnar digits to overall grip strength in individuals with thumb carpometacarpal (CMC) osteoarthritis (OA). Methods: Thirty-seven subjects participated in the study. This group consisted of 19 patients with CMC OA (aged 60–88 years) and 18 healthy subjects (60–88 years). Three hand configurations were used by the subjects during grip testing: use of the entire hand (index, middle, ring, and little fingers) (IMRL); use of the index, middle, and ring fingers (IMR); and use of only the index and middle fingers (IM). Results: Grip strength findings for the two groups found that compared to their healthy counterparts, CMC OA patients had, on average, a strength deficiency of 45.6, 35.5, and 28.8 % in IMRL, IMR, and IM, respectively. The small finger contribution to grip is 14.3 % and the ring and small finger contribute 34 % in subjects with CMC OA. Discussion: Grip strength decreases as the number of digits contributing decreased in both groups. The ulnar digits contribution to grip strength is greater than one third of total grip strength in subjects with CMC OA. Individuals with CMC OA demonstrate significantly decreased grip strength when compared to their healthy counterparts. © 2014, American Association for Hand Surgery