The +276 G/T Single Nucleotide Polymorphism of the Adiponectin Gene Is Associated With Coronary Artery Disease in Type 2 Diabetic Patients

OBJECTIVE —Two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at the adiponectin locus (+45T>G and +276G>T) have been associated with low circulating adiponectin levels, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes. We investigated whether these genetic markers are determinants of coronary artery disease (CAD) in type 2 diabetic patients. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS —A total of 376 consecutive type 2 diabetic patients were studied: 142 case subjects with coronary stenosis >50% or previous myocardial infarction and 234 control subjects with no symptoms, no electrocardiogram (ECG) signs of myocardial ischemia, and a normal ECG stress test ( n = 189) and/or ( n = 45) with coronary stenosis ≤50%. RESULTS —No association with CAD was observed for the +45 SNP ( P = 0.48). By contrast, a significant association was observed for the +276 SNP, with T/T homozygotes having a lower risk of CAD than carriers of other genotypes (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 0.13 [95% CI 0.037–0.46], P = 0.002). A similarly protective effect of the +276 T/T genotype was observed in 110 case and 45 control subjects for whom the CAD status had been determined by angiography (0.04 [0.006–0.30], P = 0.002).  Serum adiponectin, although clearly related to several features of the proatherogenic/insulin-resistant phenotype, was not different between control subjects and CAD patients (26 ± 17 vs. 25 ± 13 μg/ml). CONCLUSIONS —In conclusion, the +276 G>T polymorphism is a determinant of CAD risk in type 2 diabetic patients. This marker may assist in the identification of diabetic individuals at especially high risk of CAD, so that preventive programs can be targeted at these subjects

Sistema on-line de predicción de emergencia de malezas

Con el objetivo de poner a disposición de productores y asesores agronómicos la información proporcionada por distintos modelos en tiempo real y de una manera amigable, se desarrolló una aplicación web que automatiza el cálculo de la emergencia empleando los pronósticos del tiempo de la región y presenta de manera gráfica las estimaciones en forma diaria y acumulada.Sociedad Argentina de Informática e Investigación Operativ

Sistema on-line de predicción de emergencia de malezas

Con el objetivo de poner a disposición de productores y asesores agronómicos la información proporcionada por distintos modelos en tiempo real y de una manera amigable, se desarrolló una aplicación web que automatiza el cálculo de la emergencia empleando los pronósticos del tiempo de la región y presenta de manera gráfica las estimaciones en forma diaria y acumulada.Sociedad Argentina de Informática e Investigación Operativ

Decision Support Systems for Weed Management

Editors: Guillermo R. Chantre, José L. González-Andújar.Weed management Decision Support Systems (DSS) are increasingly important computer-based tools for modern agriculture. Nowadays, extensive agriculture has become highly dependent on external inputs and both economic costs, as well the negative environmental impact of agricultural activities, demands knowledge-based technology for the optimization and protection of non-renewable resources. In this context, weed management strategies should aim to maximize economic profit by preserving and enhancing agricultural systems. Although previous contributions focusing on weed biology and weed management provide valuable insight on many aspects of weed species ecology and practical guides for weed control, no attempts have been made to highlight the forthcoming importance of DSS in weed management. This book is a first attempt to integrate 'concepts and practice' providing a novel guide to the state-of-art of DSS and the future prospects which hopefully would be of interest to higher-level students, academics and professionals in related areas

How do cardiologists select patients for dual antiplatelet therapy continuation beyond 1 year after a myocardial infarction? Insights from the EYESHOT Post-MI Study

Background: Current guidelines suggest to consider dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) continuation for longer than 12 months in selected patients with myocardial infarction (MI). Hypothesis: We sought to assess the criteria used by cardiologists in daily practice to select patients with a history of MI eligible for DAPT continuation beyond 1 year. Methods: We analyzed data from the EYESHOT Post-MI, a prospective, observational, nationwide study aimed to evaluate the management of patients presenting to cardiologists 1 to 3 years from the last MI event. Results: Out of the 1633 post-MI patients enrolled in the study between March and December 2017, 557 (34.1%) were on DAPT at the time of enrolment, and 450 (27.6%) were prescribed DAPT after cardiologist assessment. At multivariate analyses, a percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with multiple stents and the presence of peripheral artery disease (PAD) resulted as independent predictors of DAPT continuation, while atrial fibrillation was the only independent predictor of DAPT interruption for patients both at the second and the third year from MI at enrolment and the time of discharge/end of the visit. Conclusions: Risk scores recommended by current guidelines for guiding decisions on DAPT duration are underused and misused in clinical practice. A PCI with multiple stents and a history of PAD resulted as the clinical variables more frequently associated with DAPT continuation beyond 1 year from the index MI

Intraperitoneal drain placement and outcomes after elective colorectal surgery: international matched, prospective, cohort study

Despite current guidelines, intraperitoneal drain placement after elective colorectal surgery remains widespread. Drains were not associated with earlier detection of intraperitoneal collections, but were associated with prolonged hospital stay and increased risk of surgical-site infections.Background Many surgeons routinely place intraperitoneal drains after elective colorectal surgery. However, enhanced recovery after surgery guidelines recommend against their routine use owing to a lack of clear clinical benefit. This study aimed to describe international variation in intraperitoneal drain placement and the safety of this practice. Methods COMPASS (COMPlicAted intra-abdominal collectionS after colorectal Surgery) was a prospective, international, cohort study which enrolled consecutive adults undergoing elective colorectal surgery (February to March 2020). The primary outcome was the rate of intraperitoneal drain placement. Secondary outcomes included: rate and time to diagnosis of postoperative intraperitoneal collections; rate of surgical site infections (SSIs); time to discharge; and 30-day major postoperative complications (Clavien-Dindo grade at least III). After propensity score matching, multivariable logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards regression were used to estimate the independent association of the secondary outcomes with drain placement. Results Overall, 1805 patients from 22 countries were included (798 women, 44.2 per cent; median age 67.0 years). The drain insertion rate was 51.9 per cent (937 patients). After matching, drains were not associated with reduced rates (odds ratio (OR) 1.33, 95 per cent c.i. 0.79 to 2.23; P = 0.287) or earlier detection (hazard ratio (HR) 0.87, 0.33 to 2.31; P = 0.780) of collections. Although not associated with worse major postoperative complications (OR 1.09, 0.68 to 1.75; P = 0.709), drains were associated with delayed hospital discharge (HR 0.58, 0.52 to 0.66; P < 0.001) and an increased risk of SSIs (OR 2.47, 1.50 to 4.05; P < 0.001). Conclusion Intraperitoneal drain placement after elective colorectal surgery is not associated with earlier detection of postoperative collections, but prolongs hospital stay and increases SSI risk

Biología y control de Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav. (Revisión bibliográfica)

p.79-89El presente trabajo constituye una revisión sobre los aspectos más importantes de la biología de Solanum elaeagnifolium, maleza ampliamente difundida en el territorio argentino. Tiene por objeto aumentar nuestro conocimiento sobre esta especie y servir como base para el mejoramiento de los métodos para su control

Modeling seed dormancy release and germination for predicting Avena fatua L. field emergence: A genetic algorithm approach

Avena fatua is a cosmopolite weed species which produces severe yield losses in small-grain production systems in temperate and semiarid climates. In the semiarid region of Argentina, A. fatua field emergence patterns show great year-to-year variability mainly due to the effect of highly unpredictable precipitation regimes as well as a complex seedbank dormancy behavior regulated by both, genetic and environmental factors. Previously developed models for the same agroecological system based on Non-Linear Regression techniques (NLR) and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) were either unable to accurately predict field emergence or lacked explanatory power. The main objective ofthe present work is to develop a simple (i.e. parsimonious) model for A. fatua field emergence prediction for the semiarid region of Argentina based on the disaggregation of the dormancy release phase from the germination/pre-emergence growth processes, using easy accessible soil microclimate derived indices as input variables and observed cumulative field emergence data as output variable. The parsimony and predictive capability of the newly developed model were compared with NLR and ANN approaches developed by the same authors for the same agroecological system. Specifically, dormancy release was modeled as a logistic function of an after-ripening thermal-time index while germination/pre-emergence growth was represented by a logistic distribution of hydrothermal-time accumulation. A total of 528 input/output data pairs corresponding to 11 years of data collection were used in this study. Due to its implementation simplicity and good convergence features, a Genetic Algorithm (GA) was adopted to solve the resulting optimization problem consisting on the minimization of the Mean Square Error (MSE) between training data and experimentally obtained field emergence data. The newly developed GA based approach resulted in a significantly more parsimonious model(BIC = −1.54) compared to ANN (BIC = −1.36) and NLR (BIC = −1.32) models. Model evaluation with independent data also showed a better predictive capacity of the GA approach (RMSE = 0.07) compared to NLR (RMSE = 0.19) and ANN (RMSE = 0.11) alternatives. These outcomes suggest the potential applicability of the proposed predictive tool in weed management decision support systems design.Fil: Blanco, Anibal Manuel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnol.conicet - Bahia Blanca. Planta Piloto de Ingenieria Quimica (i). Grupo Vinculado Al Plapiqui - Inv. y Desarrollo En Tecnologia Quimica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Bahía Blanca. Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química (i); ArgentinaFil: Chantre Balacca, Guillermo Ruben. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Agronomía; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Bahía Blanca. Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida(i); ArgentinaFil: Lodovichi, Mariela Victoria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Bahía Blanca. Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida(i); Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Agronomía; ArgentinaFil: Bandoni, Jose Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Bahía Blanca. Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química (i); Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Sur; ArgentinaFil: Lopez, Ricardo L.. Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria. Centro Reg.buenos Aires. Estacion Exptal.agrop.bordenave; ArgentinaFil: Vigna, Mario R.. Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria. Centro Reg.buenos Aires. Estacion Exptal.agrop.bordenave; ArgentinaFil: Gigón, Ramón . Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Chacra Experimental Integrada Barrow; ArgentinaFil: Sabbatini, Mario Ricardo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Bahía Blanca. Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida(i); Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Agronomía; Argentin