Colombia como caso de estudio

La Constitución política colombiana de 1991 estableció una serie de mecanismos jurídicos a través de los cuales los ciudadanos son llamados a ser partícipes en los procesos de toma de decisiones tales como las consultas populares, consulta previa, veedurías ambientales y otras. Estos mecanismos han venido siendo implementados mediante un proceso gradual y sistemático en el quehacer político-administrativo del país, no siempre con los resultados esperados. Sin embargo, deben ser considerados como la herramienta que permite la participación ciudadana en el momento de definir la viabilidad de proyectos o acciones que puedan incidir en el desarrollo de la nación, desde la perspectiva de la protección del medio ambiente. Sin embargo, y en razón a que los procesos de planificación enfocados de manera directa a la zona costera se vienen implementando desde hace solo un par de décadas, el conocimiento y la utilización de estas herramientas jurídicas aún es incipiente. El objetivo de este documento radica en poner de relieve cuáles son estos mecanismos y cómo están integrados en las políticas nacionales, en particular con la PNAOCI

Territorios líquidos de Colombia. Espacios marítimos e insulares ante la legislación nacional e internacional

44 páginasColombia conserva una larga tradición de respeto hacia los acuerdos y tratados internacionales. Sin embargo, ha seguido un derrotero en ocasiones alejado de esa tendencia, de tal manera que en su legislación introduce y adopta conceptos referentes a la definición de espacios marítimos tales como Mar Territorial, Zona Económica Exclusiva (zee) y Plataforma Continental, aceptados por la comunidad y la legislación internacional por medio de acuerdos multilaterales, sin que para el país se hayan creado vínculos jurídicos (convenios) derivados de ellos. Esta investigación analiza, desde la perspectiva de la evolución histórico-jurídica, los acontecimientos legislativos que han dado como resultado nuestra actual estructura normativa en materia de definición de espacios marítimos, conscientes de que constituye una base fundamental para plantear las estrategias de abordaje de los retos derivados de la gestión territorial y ambiental del 50 % de nuestro territorio

Kinetics of immune responses elicited after three mRNA COVID-19 vaccine doses in predominantly antibody-deficient individuals

Mass vaccination campaigns reduced COVID-19 incidence and severity. Here, we evaluated the immune responses developed in SARS-CoV-2-uninfected patients with predominantly antibody-deficiencies (PAD) after three mRNA-1273 vaccine doses. PAD patients were classified based on their immunodeficiency: unclassified primary antibody-deficiency (unPAD, n = 9), common variable immunodeficiency (CVID, n = 12), combined immunodeficiency (CID, n = 1), and thymoma with immunodeficiency (TID, n = 1). unPAD patients and healthy controls (HCs, n = 10) developed similar vaccine-induced humoral responses after two doses. However, CVID patients showed reduced binding and neutralizing titers compared to HCs. Of interest, these PAD groups showed lower levels of Spike-specific IFN-γ-producing cells. CVID individuals also presented diminished CD8+T cells. CID and TID patients developed cellular but not humoral responses. Although the third vaccine dose boosted humoral responses in most PAD patients, it had limited effect on expanding cellular immunity. Vaccine-induced immune responses in PAD individuals are heterogeneous, and should be immunomonitored to define a personalized therapeutic strategies.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Plasma lipid profiles discriminate bacterial from viral infection in febrile children

Fever is the most common reason that children present to Emergency Departments. Clinical signs and symptoms suggestive of bacterial infection are often non-specific, and there is no definitive test for the accurate diagnosis of infection. The 'omics' approaches to identifying biomarkers from the host-response to bacterial infection are promising. In this study, lipidomic analysis was carried out with plasma samples obtained from febrile children with confirmed bacterial infection (n = 20) and confirmed viral infection (n = 20). We show for the first time that bacterial and viral infection produces distinct profile in the host lipidome. Some species of glycerophosphoinositol, sphingomyelin, lysophosphatidylcholine and cholesterol sulfate were higher in the confirmed virus infected group, while some species of fatty acids, glycerophosphocholine, glycerophosphoserine, lactosylceramide and bilirubin were lower in the confirmed virus infected group when compared with confirmed bacterial infected group. A combination of three lipids achieved an area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of 0.911 (95% CI 0.81 to 0.98). This pilot study demonstrates the potential of metabolic biomarkers to assist clinicians in distinguishing bacterial from viral infection in febrile children, to facilitate effective clinical management and to the limit inappropriate use of antibiotics

Identification of regulatory variants associated with genetic susceptibility to meningococcal disease.

Non-coding genetic variants play an important role in driving susceptibility to complex diseases but their characterization remains challenging. Here, we employed a novel approach to interrogate the genetic risk of such polymorphisms in a more systematic way by targeting specific regulatory regions relevant for the phenotype studied. We applied this method to meningococcal disease susceptibility, using the DNA binding pattern of RELA - a NF-kB subunit, master regulator of the response to infection - under bacterial stimuli in nasopharyngeal epithelial cells. We designed a custom panel to cover these RELA binding sites and used it for targeted sequencing in cases and controls. Variant calling and association analysis were performed followed by validation of candidate polymorphisms by genotyping in three independent cohorts. We identified two new polymorphisms, rs4823231 and rs11913168, showing signs of association with meningococcal disease susceptibility. In addition, using our genomic data as well as publicly available resources, we found evidences for these SNPs to have potential regulatory effects on ATXN10 and LIF genes respectively. The variants and related candidate genes are relevant for infectious diseases and may have important contribution for meningococcal disease pathology. Finally, we described a novel genetic association approach that could be applied to other phenotypes

Plasma lipid profiles discriminate bacterial from viral infection in febrile children

Fever is the most common reason that children present to Emergency Departments. Clinical signs and symptoms suggestive of bacterial infection are often non-specific, and there is no definitive test for the accurate diagnosis of infection. The 'omics' approaches to identifying biomarkers from the host-response to bacterial infection are promising. In this study, lipidomic analysis was carried out with plasma samples obtained from febrile children with confirmed bacterial infection (n = 20) and confirmed viral infection (n = 20). We show for the first time that bacterial and viral infection produces distinct profile in the host lipidome. Some species of glycerophosphoinositol, sphingomyelin, lysophosphatidylcholine and cholesterol sulfate were higher in the confirmed virus infected group, while some species of fatty acids, glycerophosphocholine, glycerophosphoserine, lactosylceramide and bilirubin were lower in the confirmed virus infected group when compared with confirmed bacterial infected group. A combination of three lipids achieved an area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of 0.911 (95% CI 0.81 to 0.98). This pilot study demonstrates the potential of metabolic biomarkers to assist clinicians in distinguishing bacterial from viral infection in febrile children, to facilitate effective clinical management and to the limit inappropriate use of antibiotics

Plasma lipid profiles discriminate bacterial from viral infection in febrile children

Fever is the most common reason that children present to Emergency Departments. Clinical signs and symptoms suggestive of bacterial infection ar

Embryonic development and spawning pattern of Trisopterus luscus (Teleostei: Gadidae) under controlled conditions

7 páginas, 6 figuras, 5 tablas.Knowledge on early ontogeny of Trisopterus luscus is scarce and incomplete. This paper describes the first successful attempt ever at achieving the natural spawning in captivity for this species. The reproductive specimens used for this study were obtained in the Rı´a de Vigo in September 2008 and subsequently transported to the facilities of the Institute of Marine Research (CSIC). The spawning frequency was variable among females, 1.8–4.6 days, but no size-dependent trend was determined. The average batch size, i.e. the number of eggs released per batch, has proven significantly dependent on female length and weight. In the present study the complete embryonic development in controlled conditions (sand–filtered seawater at 138C, with natural photoperiod), from egg to hatched larva, has been described for the first time ever. The development of pouting eggs was divided into six stages, based on the artificially-reared material. Pouting eggs are pelagic with a smooth, clear and spherical chorion, and a homogeneous yolk. The perivitelline space is narrow and oil globules are absent. Live eggs fertilized were 0.95–1.10 mm in diameter. The embryo hatches as a yolk-sac larva with closed mouth and gut. The pouting eggs hatched during the latter half of the fifth dayThis research was funded by the regional government of Galicia (Xunta de Galicia) under the coverage of Project DETEPRE (08MMA010402PR).Peer reviewe

Estrategias parentales en la gallineta, Sebastes mentella Travin 1951

3 pages, 2 figures.-- I Simposio Iberoamericano de Ecología Reproductiva, Reclutamiento y Pesquerías, Vigo, España, 24–28 Noviembre 2009Las especies del género Sebastes son vivíparas lecitotróficas, la fertilización y el desarrollo de los huevos y primeras etapas larvales (larva vitelina), son completados dentro del ovario de las hembras. Sebastes mentella es una especie de crecimiento lento (vive alrededor de 60-70 años) y alcanza la madurez sobre los 10-20 años (Saborido-Rey, 1994). En Islandia, el periodo de madurez gonadal se ha registrado entre febrero y abril (ovarios con oocitos,embriones en desarrollo y estadios post-desove). Los objetivos propuestos fueron: 1. Establecer relaciones entre la condición de las hembras y las características de los huevos y larvas vitelinas de Sebastes mentella (diámetro del huevo y saco vitelino, volumen de la gota de aceite); 2. Demostrar la dependencia de los efectos parentales sobre los embriones y larvas vitelinas de S. mentellaN

Comparative morphology of pre-extrusion larvae, sebastes mentella and sebastes norvegicus (Pisces: Sebastidae) in Icelandic waters

12 páginas, 5 tablas, 3 figurasThis study evaluated potential differences in morphology of unextruded larvae from Sebastes mentella and Sebastes norvegicus in Icelandic waters. Fifty-four larvae of each species were measured, and 18 measurements were recorded for each specimen (morphometric, meristic and pigmentation patterns). Pre-extrusion larvae of S. norvegicus were longer than those of S. mentella. Additionally, there were significant differences in morphometric, meristic and pigmentation characters between pre-extrusion larvae of these species. Pigmentation of S. mentella differed from that of S. norvegicus in several aspects. Dorsal and ventral body pigmentation tended to begin more posteriorly in S. mentella, therefore, the overall length of these pigmented areas tended to be longer in S. norvegicus.Funding for A.R.V. was provided by the Xunta de Galicia (Programa Isidro Parga Pondal)Peer reviewe