10 research outputs found
Two-dimensional LWR model for lane-free traffic
While macroscopic models for single or multi-lane traffic flow are well
established, these models are not applicable to the dynamics and
characteristics of disordered traffic which is characterized by widely
different types of vehicles and no lane discipline. We propose a first-order
two-dimensional Lighthill-Whitham-Richards (LWR) model for the continuous
macroscopic longitudinal and lateral dynamics of this type of traffic flow. The
continuity equation is extended into two dimensions and the equation is closed
by assuming a longitudinal flow-density relationship as in traditional
one-dimensional models while the lateral dynamics is based on boundary
repulsion and a desire of a majority of the drivers to go to less dense
regions. This is equivalent to Fick's law giving rise to a lateral diffusion
term. Using the proposed model, several numerical tests were conducted under
different traffic scenarios representing a wide range of traffic conditions.
Even for extreme initial conditions, the model's outcome turned out to be
plausible and consistent with observed traffic flow dynamics. Moreover, the
numerical convergence test is performed using an analytical solution for
lateral steady-state conditions. The model was applied for bicycle simulation
and reproduced the evolution of lateral density profile with asymmetric
behavior
Chromium contamination in groundwater and Sobol sensitivity model based human health risk evaluation from leather tanning industrial region of South India
Study of traffic flow characteristics using different vehicle-following models under mixed traffic conditions
Structural determination of Enzyme-Graphene Nanocomposite Sensor Material
State-of-the-art ultra-sensitive blood glucose-monitoring biosensors, based on glucose oxidase (GOx) covalently linked to a single layer graphene (SLG), will be a valuable next generation diagnostic tool for personal glycemic level management. We report here our observations of sensor matrix structure obtained using a multi-physics approach towards analysis of small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) on graphene- based biosensor functionalized with GOx under different pH conditions for various hierarchical GOx assemblies within SLG. We developed a methodology to separately extract the average shape of GOx molecules within the hierarchical assemblies. The modeling is able to resolve differences in the average GOx dimer structure and shows that treatment under different pH conditions lead to differences within the GOx at the dimer contact region with SLG. The coupling of different analysis methods and modeling approaches we developed in this study provides a universal approach to obtain detailed structural quantifications, for establishing robust structure-property relationships. This is an essential step to obtain an insight into the structure and function of the GOx-SLG interface for optimizing sensor performance