88 research outputs found
An early Little Ice Age brackish water invasion along the south coast of the Caspian Sea (sediment of Langarud wetland) and its wider impacts on environment and people
Caspian Sea level has undergone significant changes through time with major impacts not only on the surrounding coasts, but also offshore. This study reports a brackish water invasion on the southern coast of the Caspian Sea constructed from a multi-proxy analysis of sediment retrieved from the Langarud wetland. The ground surface level of wetland is >6 m higher than the current Caspian Sea level (at -27.41 m in 2014) and located >11 km far from the coast. A sequence covering the last millennium was dated by three radiocarbon dates. The results from this new study suggest that Caspian Sea level rose up to at least -21.44 m (i.e. >6 m above the present water level) during the early Little Ice Age. Although previous studies in the southern coast of the Caspian Sea have detected a high-stand during the Little Ice Age period, this study presents the first evidence that this high-stand reached so far inland and at such a high altitude. Moreover, it confirms one of the very few earlier estimates of a high-stand at -21 m for the second half of the 14th century. The effects of this large-scale brackish water invasion on soil properties would have caused severe disruption to regional agriculture, thereby destabilizing local dynasties and facilitating a rapid Turko-Mongol expansion of Tamerlaneβs armies from the east.N Ghasemi (INIOAS), V Jahani (Gilan Province Cultural Heritage and Tourism Organisation) and A Naqinezhad (University of Mazandaran), INQUA QuickLakeH project (no. 1227) and to the European project Marie Curie, CLIMSEAS-PIRSES-GA-2009-24751
Π‘ΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π² Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π² XXI Π²Π΅ΠΊΠ΅
In recent years, Russia has taken a serious step towards innovative development, to a large extent by providing systematic incentives for innovation and technological development of sectors of the economy. Today, innovation, research, development and their implementation are an important part of the political ambitions of most developed and developing countries. Global spending on innovation continues to grow, and the share of business in it is increasing. The relevance of this topic is also due to the acceleration of the processes of digital transformation of the Russian and international economy, which is why the need to create conditions for innovation, information and communication technologies is increasing. Based on this, it is important for the Government of the Russian Federation to form a national innovation system that promotes the innovative activity of domestic enterprises and increases the scientific orientation of research activities of organizations. Developed countries achieve competitive advantages through the introduction of innovative technologies, a highly qualified workforce with creative thinking, efficient use of financial resources, and strong R&D. Identifying new market opportunities is easy for highly innovative companies. Currently, not only the emergence of new high-tech industries, but also the development of traditional ones is based on information and scientific potential. The development of science is closely related to the growing flow of information, which is both the result and the basis for the development of science, the results of which are subsequently embodied in economic development. The purpose of the article is to identify the main trends in the development of innovative processes in the Russian Federation. The active creation and modernization of technologies, introduction of various technological projects is one of the driving forces of the innovation process. In recent years, there has been a strengthening of innovative development in various sectors of the Russian economy, and a significant role in this development is played by the systemic stimulation of innovation and technological development. Materials and methods. The methodological basis of the study consists of works on regional statistics, mathematical modeling, and econometrics. Graphic and tabular methods of visualization of research results, statistical methods of analysis of economic phenomena were used. To solve the tasks of the study, application packages SPSS, Statistica were used. Results. The creation of new, unique advanced production technologies is an essential element of the innovative development of the countryβs economy. The development of industrial design is one of the main stimulating factors for the innovative development of Russia. The increase in the number of issued patents for inventions with a high degree of probability predetermines an increase in the number of manufacturing technologies, which is the basis for progress in the field of manufacturing design. However, the main challenge remains the issue of financing. Conclusion. The article contains an analysis of the dynamics of the main indicators characterizing the innovative activity of organizations and provides forecast estimates of the indicator based on trend models.Π ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π°Π»Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅Π·Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ°Π³ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΡΠΈ ΠΊ ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ, Π² Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½ΠΈ, Π·Π° ΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ. Π‘Π΅Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ, Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ β ΡΡΠΎ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π°ΠΌΠ±ΠΈΡΠΈΠΉ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ²Π° ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΡΡ
ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ ΠΌΠΈΡΠ°. ΠΠ»ΠΎΠ±Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π½Π° ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ, Π° Π΄ΠΎΠ»Ρ Π±ΠΈΠ·Π½Π΅ΡΠ° Π² Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ. ΠΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, Π°ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π° ΡΡΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ, ΠΈΠ·-Π·Π° ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ Π² ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΉ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΉ, ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ. ΠΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΈΠ· ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π·Π°Π΄Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π³ΠΎΡΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΠ²Π° ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ, ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΉ. Π Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Ρ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΈΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ², Π² Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅, Π·Π° ΡΡΠ΅Ρ Π²Π½Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ, Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΊΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠΈΠ»Ρ Ρ ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΌΡΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ, ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ², ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΠΠ . ΠΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΎ Π΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎ ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠΌ. Π Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π½Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΉ, Π½ΠΎ ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
Π±Π°Π·ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π΅. Π Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π°ΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½ΠΎ Ρ Π½Π°ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠΌ, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ Π±Π°Π·ΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ Π½Π°ΡΠΊΠΈ, ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ Π² Π΄Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π½Π°Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π² ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΈ. Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π·Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π² ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Π½Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² Π² Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ, Π²Π½Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ· Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠΈΠ» ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°. Π ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ Π² ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠ»ΡΡ
ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΈ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ»Ρ Π² ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ³ΡΠ°Π΅Ρ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°. ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ΅, ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ΅. ΠΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΡ Π³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π±Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π²ΠΈΠ·ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ. ΠΠ»Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π·Π°Π΄Π°Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΠ°ΠΊΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌ SPSS, Statistica. Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ. Π‘ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
, ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ Π²ΡΡΡΡΠΏΠ°Π΅Ρ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΈΠΌ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Ρ. Π Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΈΡ
ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ»ΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ. Π£Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π° Π²ΡΠ΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Π½Π° ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΉ Π²Π΅ΡΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π·Π°Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΎΠΌ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ° Π² ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎ-ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ½Π΅ΠΌΡ ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡ ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠ°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. Π ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ, Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ·ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΉ, ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΠ·Π½ΡΠ΅ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΉ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π΄ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ
Late Little Ice Age palaeoenvironmental records from the Anzali and Amirkola Lagoons (south Caspian Sea): Vegetation and sea level changes
This is a postprint version of the article. The official published article can be found from the link below - Copyright @ 2011 Elsevier Ltd.Two internationally important Ramsar lagoons on the south coast of the Caspian Sea (CS) have been studied by palynology on short sediment cores for palaeoenvironmental and palaeoclimatic investigations. The sites lie within a small area of very high precipitation in a region that is otherwise dry. Vegetation surveys and geomorphological investigations have been used to provide a background to a multidisciplinary interpretation of the two sequences covering the last four centuries. In the small lagoon of Amirkola, the dense alder forested wetland has been briefly disturbed by fire, followed by the expansion of rice paddies from AD1720 to 1800. On the contrary, the terrestrial vegetation reflecting the diversity of the Hyrcanian vegetation around the lagoon of Anzali remained fairly complacent over time. The dinocyst and non-pollen palynomorph assemblages, revealing changes that have occurred in water salinity and water levels, indicate a high stand during the late Little Ice Age (LIA), from AD < 1620 to 1800β1830. In Amirkola, the lagoon spit remained intact over time, whereas in Anzali it broke into barrier islands during the late LIA, which merged into a spit during the subsequent sea level drop. A high population density and infrastructure prevented renewed breaking up of the spit when sea level reached its maximum (AD1995). Similar to other sites in the region around the southern CS, these two lagoonal investigations indicate that the LIA had a higher sea level as a result of more rainfall in the drainage basin of the CS.The coring and the sedimentological analyses were funded by the Iranian National Institute for Oceanography in the framework of a research project entitled βInvestigation of the Holocene sediment along the Iranian coast of Caspian Sea: central Guilanβ. The radiocarbon date of core HCGL02 was funded by V. Andrieu (EuropΓ΄le MΓ©diterranΓ©en de l'Arbois, France) and that of core HCGA04 by Brunel University
Low-Temperature Polymorphic Phase Transition in a Crystalline Tripeptide L-Ala-L-Pro-GlyΒ·H2O Revealed by Adiabatic Calorimetry
We demonstrate application of precise adiabatic vacuum calorimetry to observation of phase transition in the tripeptide l-alanyl-l-prolyl-glycine monohydrate (APG) from 6 to 320 K and report the standard thermodynamic properties of the tripeptide in the entire range. Thus, the heat capacity of APG was measured by adiabatic vacuum calorimetry in the above temperature range. The tripeptide exhibits a reversible first-order solid-to-solid phase transition characterized by strong thermal hysteresis. We report the standard thermodynamic characteristics of this transition and show that differential scanning calorimetry can reliably characterize the observed phase transition with <5 mg of the sample. Additionally, the standard entropy of formation from the elemental substances and the standard entropy of hypothetical reaction of synthesis from the amino acids at 298.15 K were calculated for the studied tripeptide.National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (U.S.) (EB-003151)National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (U.S.) (EB-001960)National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (U.S.) (EB-002026
A group contribution model for determining the vaporization enthalpy of organic compounds at the standard reference temperature of 298K
Article on a group contribution model for determining the vaporization enthalpy of organic compounds at the standard reference temperature of 298 K
ChemInform Abstract: METALLPOLYMERE AUF DER BASIS VON HOCHDISPERSEM PALLADIUM, EPOXID-HARZ UND POLYVINYLACETAT ALS KATALYSATOREN FUER DIE HYDRIERUNG ORGANISCHER VERBINDUNGEN
The low-temperature heat capacity and saturation vapor pressure of ethyl ester of butanoic acid
Thermodynamic parameters of phase transitions of perfluoro-N-(4-methylcyclohexyl)piperidine
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