Intersectional approach of everyday geography

Hour-by-hour variations in spatial distribution of gender, age and social class within cities remain poorly explored and combined in the segregation literature mainly centered on home places from a single social dimension. Taking advantage of 49 mobility surveys compiled together (385,000 respondents and 1,711,000 trips) and covering 60% of France's population, we consider variations in hourly populations of 2,572 districts after disaggregating population across gender, age and education level. We first isolate five district hourly profiles (two 'daytime attractive', two 'nighttime attractive' and one more 'stable') with very unequal distributions according to urban gradient but also to social groups. We then explore the intersectional forms of these everyday geographies. Taking as reference the dominant groups (men, middle-age and high educated people) known as concentrating hegemonic power and capital, we analyze specifically whether district hourly profiles of dominant groups diverge from those of the others groups. It is especially in the areas exhibiting strong increase or strong decrease of ambient population during the day that district hourly profiles not only combine the largest dissimilarities all together across gender, age and education level but are also widely more synchronous between dominant groups than between non-dominant groups (women, elderly and low educated people). These intersectional patterns shed new light on areas where peers are synchronously located over the 24-hour period and thus potentially in better position to interact and to defend their common interests.Comment: 13 pages, 5 figures + Appendi

La scène alternative de Poitiers, 1984-1994

Fondée sur un intérêt personnel pour un mouvement ayant dépassé le cadre musical pour bouleverser un grand nombre de composantes culturelles (presse, lieux de spectacles vivants), et auquel il faut combiner le rayonnement national voire international de certaines structures pictaviennes, cette étude se propose de revenir sur l'Histoire de trois des composantes les plus emblématiques de la scène alternative de Poitiers : le Confort Moderne , la Fanzinothèque et le label On A faim ! . Loin de vouloir retracer de façon exhaustive le passé d'un milieu culturel foisonnant, et fondé sur l'action d'une multitude d'acteurs de plus ou moins grande envergure, ce travail va s'employer à décrire et analyser les trajectoires empruntées par la partie émergée de l'iceberg, par trois des piliers de la scène indépendante pictavienne, remarquables par leur avant-gardisme, leur rayonnement et leur longévité. Analysant la déclinaison locale d'un mouvement que l'historiographie mais aussi certains acteurs décrivent comme prenant fin en 1989, ce mémoire cherche à démontrer si oui ou non, cette date fatidique marque également un tournant à Poitiers. Pour répondre à cette problématique centrale, ce travail observe l'activité des trois structures évoquées plus haut cinq ans de part et d'autres de 1989 : de 1984 à 1994. Recoupant des archives internes à ces institutions, des documents issus des pouvoirs publics qui entretinrent des rapports plus ou moins cordiaux avec le milieu alternatif, ainsi que des témoignages de personnalités ayant oeuvré au sein de la scène indépendante de Poitiers, ce mémoire cherche à offrir un point de vue historique à un sujet souvent abordé du point de vue du sociologue. Il s'agit d'écrire la première page d'une Histoire dont l'essentiel reste inexploré, d'analyser le cadre structurant autour duquel vont venir se greffer ou se télescoper des structures plus modestes, moins visibles que celles qui ont été étudiées dans ce mémoire. Les pièces les plus évidentes du puzzle ayant été posées, reste maintenant à identifier, et agréger les parties manquantes au travail qui vient d'être réalisé. La somme de ces multiples points de vue contribuera ainsi à restituer de manière exhaustive l'Histoire d'une scène culturelle locale dont la réputation dépassant nos frontières n'est plus à faire

La Fédération de la Vienne du Parti communiste français, de la mort de Maurice Thorez à la signature du Programme Commun (1964-1972) : essai d'Histoire du communisme local au prisme des archives de la Fédération de la Vienne du PCF

La mort de Maurice Thorez, dirigeant historique du PCF marque un tournant sans précédent dans l'Histoire du Parti. Prolongeant l'oeuvre de son prédécesseur, Waldeck Rochet amorce une vaste rénovation de l'organisation et de la ligne politique, qui passe par l'adoption d'une stratégie unitaire visant à unir la gauche. On parle alors d'aggiornamento. Cette période conduit le PCF à modifier de façon considérable son discours, et de se positionner clairement dans un contexte général qui voit de nouvelles classes socioprofessionnelles émerger à la faveur des Trente glorieuses, à mi-chemin entre le prolétariat et la bourgeoisie, mais aussi face à des événements particuliers comme le Printemps de Prague ou le mouvement social de 1968. La période que ce mémoire se propose d'étudier couvre le mandat que Waldeck Rochet exerça à la tête du Parti à partir de 1964, jusqu'à l'avènement de Georges Marchais et la signature du Programme Commun de gouvernement avec le Parti socialiste en 1972. C'est un temps de bouleversement, qu'il s'agisse de l'organisation, de la structuration ou de la ligne politique adoptée par le PCF. Largement étudiée au prisme des instances dirigeantes du Parti, ce travail cherche à analyser les répercussions d'un tel renouvellement à l'échelle d'une petite fédération départementale, celle de la Vienne. Original car étudiant l'organisation, la vie et l'impact communistes dans un département davantage marqué par la paysannerie que par la présence ouvrière, ce mémoire l'est aussi par le fonds d'archives qui le documente. Il s'appuie en effet sur le versement par la Fédération de la Vienne du PCF de l'intégralité de ses archives couvrant la période de 1944 à 2001 au bénéfice du laboratoire du CRIHAM. Envisageant ce gisement documentaire comme un objet d'étude à part entière, le travail mené ici va chercher à identifier comment le contenu mais aussi la forme de ce fonds témoignent de la rénovation entreprise par la PCF, de ses priorités d'alors et quelles répercussions l'aggiornamento peut engendrer au sein d'une petite fédération rurale

A rare truncating BRCA2 variant and genetic susceptibility to upper aerodigestive tract cancer

© The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact [email protected] Funding This work was supported the National Institutes of Health (R01CA092039 05/05S1) and the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (1R03DE020116). Notes The authors thank all of the participants who took part in this research and the funders and technical staff who made this study possible. We acknowledge and thank Simone Benhamou (INSERM, France) for sample contributions. We also acknowledge and thank The Cancer Genome Atlas initiative, whose data contributed heavily to this study.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

The 12p13.33/RAD52 locus and genetic susceptibility to squamous cell cancers of upper aerodigestive tract

Acknowledgments: The authors thank all of the participants who took part in this research and the funders and support and technical staff who made this study possible. We also acknowledge and thank The Cancer Genome Atlas initiative whose data contributed heavily to this study. Funding: Funding for study coordination, genotyping of replication studies and statistical analysis was provided by the US National Institutes of Health (R01 CA092039 05/05S1) and the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (1R03DE020116). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Rapid response to the M_w 4.9 earthquake of November 11, 2019 in Le Teil, Lower Rhône Valley, France

On November 11, 2019, a Mw 4.9 earthquake hit the region close to Montelimar (lower Rhône Valley, France), on the eastern margin of the Massif Central close to the external part of the Alps. Occuring in a moderate seismicity area, this earthquake is remarkable for its very shallow focal depth (between 1 and 3 km), its magnitude, and the moderate to large damages it produced in several villages. InSAR interferograms indicated a shallow rupture about 4 km long reaching the surface and the reactivation of the ancient NE-SW La Rouviere normal fault in reverse faulting in agreement with the present-day E-W compressional tectonics. The peculiarity of this earthquake together with a poor coverage of the epicentral region by permanent seismological and geodetic stations triggered the mobilisation of the French post-seismic unit and the broad French scientific community from various institutions, with the deployment of geophysical instruments (seismological and geodesic stations), geological field surveys, and field evaluation of the intensity of the earthquake. Within 7 days after the mainshock, 47 seismological stations were deployed in the epicentral area to improve the Le Teil aftershocks locations relative to the French permanent seismological network (RESIF), monitor the temporal and spatial evolution of microearthquakes close to the fault plane and temporal evolution of the seismic response of 3 damaged historical buildings, and to study suspected site effects and their influence in the distribution of seismic damage. This seismological dataset, completed by data owned by different institutions, was integrated in a homogeneous archive and distributed through FDSN web services by the RESIF data center. This dataset, together with observations of surface rupture evidences, geologic, geodetic and satellite data, will help to unravel the causes and rupture mechanism of this earthquake, and contribute to account in seismic hazard assessment for earthquakes along the major regional Cévenne fault system in a context of present-day compressional tectonics

Exome sequencing identifies germline variants in DIS3 in familial multiple myeloma

[Excerpt] Multiple myeloma (MM) is the third most common hematological malignancy, after Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma and Leukemia. MM is generally preceded by Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance (MGUS) [1], and epidemiological studies have identified older age, male gender, family history, and MGUS as risk factors for developing MM [2]. The somatic mutational landscape of sporadic MM has been increasingly investigated, aiming to identify recurrent genetic events involved in myelomagenesis. Whole exome and whole genome sequencing studies have shown that MM is a genetically heterogeneous disease that evolves through accumulation of both clonal and subclonal driver mutations [3] and identified recurrently somatically mutated genes, including KRAS, NRAS, FAM46C, TP53, DIS3, BRAF, TRAF3, CYLD, RB1 and PRDM1 [3,4,5]. Despite the fact that family-based studies have provided data consistent with an inherited genetic susceptibility to MM compatible with Mendelian transmission [6], the molecular basis of inherited MM predisposition is only partly understood. Genome-Wide Association (GWAS) studies have identified and validated 23 loci significantly associated with an increased risk of developing MM that explain ~16% of heritability [7] and only a subset of familial cases are thought to have a polygenic background [8]. Recent studies have identified rare germline variants predisposing to MM in KDM1A [9], ARID1A and USP45 [10], and the implementation of next-generation sequencing technology will allow the characterization of more such rare variants. [...]French National Cancer Institute (INCA) and the Fondation Française pour la Recherche contre le Myélome et les Gammapathies (FFMRG), the Intergroupe Francophone du Myélome (IFM), NCI R01 NCI CA167824 and a generous donation from Matthew Bell. This work was supported in part through the computational resources and staff expertise provided by Scientific Computing at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. Research reported in this paper was supported by the Office of Research Infrastructure of the National Institutes of Health under award number S10OD018522. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health. The authors thank the Association des Malades du Myélome Multiple (AF3M) for their continued support and participation. Where authors are identified as personnel of the International Agency for Research on Cancer / World Health Organization, the authors alone are responsible for the views expressed in this article and they do not necessarily represent the decisions, policy or views of the International Agency for Research on Cancer / World Health Organizatio