Effect of season on chemical composition and in situ degradability in cows and in adapted and unadapted goats of three Mexican browse species

Browse foliages from Lysiloma acapulcencis, Quercus laeta and Pithecellobium dulce, native to the subtropical region of southern México, were harvested during the dry season (DS) and rainy season (RS) to determine in situ degradability using ruminal inoculum from fistulated cows as well as goats previously adapted (AG) or not adapted (UG) to browse species fed in their daily diet. Browse leaf samples were incubated in the rumen of each group for 48 h. The crude protein (CP) content of browse was considerably higher in RS (P<0.001). P. dulce had the lowest neutral detergent fiber (NDFom) and acid detergent fiber (ADFom) in the two seasons; L. acapulcencis had the highest values and Q. laeta values were intermediate, with an overall increase in fiber fractions in DS browse foliage (P<0.001). The lowest in situ degradability values were in L. acapulcencis and Q. laeta had intermediate values during both seasons. Season of harvest (RS or DS), and ruminal inoculum (cows, UG, and AG) affected (P<0.001) dry matter degradability (DMD), crude protein degradability (CPD) and fiber fractions of browse. Nutrient degradabilities in all species were higher (P<0.001) in DS than RS. Goats previously exposed to these browse species (AG) had higher (P<0.001) in situ degradability of the browse species than cows or goats in UG fed diets without browse. Overall, goats had higher (P<0.001) nutrient in situ degradability than cows. Our results suggest higher potential of these browse species as forages for ruminants during the dry period in semi-arid regions, but goats previously exposed to diets supplemented with the browse species had a better ability to degrade them than cows or goats in UG. P. dulce has the highest potential as a feed protein source in small ruminants during the dry period

In vitro ruminal fermentation kinetics and energy utilization of three Mexican tree fodder species during the rainy and dry period

A factorial experimental design (3×2×3) was used to evaluate the effect of season of harvest and type of ruminal inoculums on in vitro ruminal fermentation kinetics and energy utilization of three browse tree foliages (Lysiloma acapulcencis, Quercus laeta and Pithecellobium dulce). Browse species were harvested during the dry season (DS) and rainy season (RS) and incubated with three different ruminal inoculums: cow, goats previously adapted (AG) or not adapted (UG) to browse species fed in their daily diet. Chemical composition, total condensed tannin (TCT), free-condensed tannin (free-CT), protein-bound condensed tannin (PCT), fiber-bound condensed tannin (FCT) as well as in vitro assaying of ruminal gas production kinetics was determined, while the short chain fatty acids (SCFA) and metabolizable energy (ME) were estimated. Crude protein (CP) was considerably higher (season×browse; P<0.001) during RS. P. dulce had the lowest neutral detergent fiber (NDFom) and acid detergent fiber (ADFom) in both seasons, while L. acapulcencis had the highest values and Q. laeta values were intermediate, with an overall increase in fiber fractions in DS browse foliages (season×browse; P<0.001). TCT content in tree species revealed differences (P<0.01). FCT and PCT were lower in Q. laeta and P. dulce during the RS than in DS, lower (P<0.01) Free-CT fractions were observed in L. acapulcencis and Q. Laeta than in P. dulce, during both seasons. in vitro gas production parameters was increased (P<0.05) in DS than in RS in browses with low and medium tannins contents (i.e., P. dulce and Q. laeta); consequently, browses energy utilization (i.e., SCFA and ME) and organic matter degradability (OMD) as well as fermentation efficiency (i.e., partition factor; PF) were improved (P<0.05). Generally, P. dulce had the highest (P<0.001) ruminal fermentation parameters and energy utilization values (more in DS than RS), while lowest values were founded in L. acapulcencis. Ruminal fluid ofADandUGhad higher (P<0.001) browse ruminal fermentation kinetics, efficiency and energy utilization than cow’s rumen fluid. The browse fermentation and energy utilization was improved in DS versus in RS and the browse fermentation and utilization were highest (P<0.05) in AG ruminal fluid than the others. Our results suggested a better nutritive value of P. dulce and Q. laeta with low and medium tannins contents and high CP concentration in cows and goats during the DS. Goats previously fed browse species in diets had a better ability to degrade and ferment the browse species than other animals

Espiritualidad y educación. Espiritualidad, nuevo paradigma para todo Modelo Educativo

This study considers, as a basis, that what is most human in humans beings, is the spiritual experience that can unify, transform and provide the necessary conditions that allow them to be able to choose, develop and form a warm rationality different from the dominant cold and instrumental rationality and, from there, give yourself, as a student-person, the opportunity to build new senses, new meanings and contexts of life and relationship to learn to be and enjoy the benefits that the development of a spirituality brings that does not necessarily have to be linked to a purely religious. The interest and context of this research work arises from this constant interaction with the young people of the Autonomous University of NayaritEste estudio considera, como base, que lo más humano en el humano es la experiencia espiritual que puede unificarlo, transformarlo y brindarle las condiciones necesarias que le permitan poder elegir, desarrollar y formar una racionalidad cálida diferente a la racionalidad fría e instrumental dominante y, desde ahí, darse, como estudiante-persona, la oportunidad de construir, nuevos sentidos, nuevos significados y contextos de vida y relación para aprender a ser y gozar de los beneficios que trae el desarrollo de una espiritualidad que no necesariamente tendrá que estar ligada a una connotación netamente religiosa. El interés y el contexto de este trabajo investigativo surge en esa constante interacción con los jóvenes de la Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit (UAN)

Herramientas y metodologías para la gestión de procesos en las organizaciones de Latinoamérica: una revisión sistemática de la literatura científica en los últimos diez años, 2008 - 2018

Las herramientas y metodologías para la gestión de procesos se han desarrollado desde los años 80´s hasta nuestros días, siendo utilizadas por empresas de distintos tamaños y rubros para optimizar sus sistemas de producción. Los objetivos de este estudio son dar a conocer su evolución, así como las características de su implementación en las organizaciones de Latinoamérica. Los criterios de investigación están basados en las publicaciones encontradas en las bases de datos Ebscohost, Proquest, Redalyc y Scielo entre los años 2008 a 2018. La metodología es de tipo básica ya que busca ampliar los conocimientos científicos existentes y presenta un enfoque cualitativo utilizando la recolección y análisis de datos. Los resultados muestran que existen diversos tipos de herramientas y metodologías, desde tradicionales hasta funcionales, cuyas características implican flexibilidad, integralidad y rapidez permitiendo la adecuada gestión de procesos, incrementando los índices de productividad y competitividad. La limitación más significativa fue encontrar artículos enfocados en el uso de herramientas y métodos ya que en su mayoría explican el enfoque en procesos, mas no desarrolla una herramienta en específico. Finalmente se concluye que las técnicas y métodos tienen el propósito de plantear cambios drásticos en los costos, calidad y desempeño en cada proceso

Transcriptional portrait of M. bovis BCG during biofilm production shows genes differentially expressed during intercellular aggregation and substrate attachment.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis and M. smegmatis form drug-tolerant biofilms through dedicated genetic programs. In support of a stepwise process regulating biofilm production in mycobacteria, it was shown elsewhere that lsr2 participates in intercellular aggregation, while groEL1 was required for biofilm maturation in M. smegmatis. Here, by means of RNA-Seq, we monitored the early steps of biofilm production in M. bovis BCG, to distinguish intercellular aggregation from attachment to a surface. Genes encoding for the transcriptional regulators dosR and BCG0114 (Rv0081) were significantly regulated and responded differently to intercellular aggregation and surface attachment. Moreover, a M. tuberculosis H37Rv deletion mutant in the Rv3134c-dosS-dosR regulon, formed less biofilm than wild type M. tuberculosis, a phenotype reverted upon reintroduction of this operon into the mutant. Combining RT-qPCR with microbiological assays (colony and surface pellicle morphologies, biofilm quantification, Ziehl-Neelsen staining, growth curve and replication of planktonic cells), we found that BCG0642c affected biofilm production and replication of planktonic BCG, whereas ethR affected only phenotypes linked to planktonic cells despite its downregulation at the intercellular aggregation step. Our results provide evidence for a stage-dependent expression of genes that contribute to biofilm production in slow-growing mycobacteria

Measurement of the top quark mass using the matrix element technique in dilepton final states

We present a measurement of the top quark mass in pp¯ collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 1.96 TeV at the Fermilab Tevatron collider. The data were collected by the D0 experiment corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 9.7  fb−1. The matrix element technique is applied to tt¯ events in the final state containing leptons (electrons or muons) with high transverse momenta and at least two jets. The calibration of the jet energy scale determined in the lepton+jets final state of tt¯ decays is applied to jet energies. This correction provides a substantial reduction in systematic uncertainties. We obtain a top quark mass of mt=173.93±1.84  GeV

Search for Higgs bosons decaying to tautau pairs in ppbar collisions at sqrt(s) = 1.96 TeV

We present a search for the production of neutral Higgs bosons decaying into tautau pairs in ppbar collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 1.96 TeV. The data, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5.4 fb-1, were collected by the D0 experiment at the Fermilab Tevatron Collider. We set upper limits at the 95% C.L. on the product of production cross section and branching ratio for a scalar resonance decaying into tautau pairs, and we then interpret these limits as limits on the production of Higgs bosons in the minimal supersymmetric standard model (MSSM) and as constraints in the MSSM parameter space.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figures, submitted to PL