1,169 research outputs found

    Quasi-freestanding and single-atom thick layer of hexagonal boron nitride as a substrate for graphene synthesis

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    We demonstrate that freeing a single-atom thick layer of hexagonal boron nitride (hbn) from tight chemical bonding to a Ni(111) thin film grown on a W(110) substrate can be achieved by intercalation of Au atoms into the interface. This process has been systematically investigated using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, X-ray photoemission and absorption techniques. It has been demonstrated that the transition of the hbn layer from the "rigid" into the "quasi-freestanding" state is accompanied by a change of its lattice constant. Using chemical vapor deposition, graphene has been successfully synthesized on the insulating, quasi-freestanding hbn monolayer. We anticipate that the in situ synthesized weakly interacting graphene/hbn double layered system could be further developed for technological applications and may provide perspectives for further inquiry into the unusual electronic properties of graphene.Comment: in print in Phys. Rev.

    Insight into the electronic structure of the centrosymmetric skyrmion magnet GdRu2_2Si2_2

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    The discovery of a square magnetic-skyrmion lattice in GdRu2_2Si2_2, with the smallest so far found skyrmion diameter and without a geometrically frustrated lattice, has attracted significant attention, particularly for potential applications in memory devices and quantum computing. In this work, we present a comprehensive study of surface and bulk electronic structures of GdRu2_2Si2_2 by utilizing momentum-resolved photoemission (ARPES) measurements and first-principles calculations. We show how the electronic structure evolves during the antiferromagnetic transition when a peculiar helical order of 4ff magnetic moments within the Gd layers sets in. A nice agreement of the ARPES-derived electronic structure with the calculated one has allowed us to characterize the features of the Fermi surface (FS), unveil the nested region along the kzk_z at the corner of the 3D FS, and reveal their orbital compositions. Our findings suggest that the Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida interaction plays a decisive role in stabilizing the spiral-like order of Gd 4ff moments responsible for the skyrmion physics in GdRu2_2Si2_2. Our results provide a deeper understanding of electronic and magnetic properties of this material, which is crucial for predicting and developing novel skyrmion-based devices.Comment: 13 pages, 8 figure

    Atomically precise semiconductor-graphene and hBN interfaces by Ge intercalation

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    The full exploration of the potential, which graphene offers to nanoelectronics requires its integration into semiconductor technology. So far the real-world applications are limited by the ability to concomitantly achieve large single-crystalline domains on dielectrics and semiconductors and to tailor the interfaces between them. Here we show a new direct bottom-up method for the fabrication of high-quality atomically precise interfaces between 2D materials, like graphene and hexagonal boron nitride (hBN), and classical semiconductor via Ge intercalation. Using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy and complementary DFT modelling we observed for the first time that epitaxially grown graphene with the Ge monolayer underneath demonstrates Dirac Fermions unaffected by the substrate as well as an unperturbed electronic band structure of hBN. This approach provides the intrinsic relativistic 2D electron gas towards integration in semiconductor technology. Hence, these new interfaces are a promising path for the integration of graphene and hBN into state-of-the-art semiconductor technology

    Nitrogen-Functionalized Graphene Nanoflakes (GNFs:N): Tunable Photoluminescence and Electronic Structures

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    This study investigates the strong photoluminescence (PL) and X-ray excited optical luminescence observed in nitrogen-functionalized 2D graphene nanoflakes (GNFs:N), which arise from the significantly enhanced density of states in the region of {\pi} states and the gap between {\pi} and {\pi}* states. The increase in the number of the sp2 clusters in the form of pyridine-like N-C, graphite-N-like, and the C=O bonding and the resonant energy transfer from the N and O atoms to the sp2 clusters were found to be responsible for the blue shift and the enhancement of the main PL emission feature. The enhanced PL is strongly related to the induced changes of the electronic structures and bonding properties, which were revealed by the X-ray absorption near-edge structure, X-ray emission spectroscopy, and resonance inelastic X-ray scattering. The study demonstrates that PL emission can be tailored through appropriate tuning of the nitrogen and oxygen contents in GNFs and pave the way for new optoelectronic devices.Comment: 8 pages, 6 figures (including toc figure

    Colossal magnetoresistance in EuZn2_2P2_2 and its electronic and magnetic structure

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    We investigate single crystals of the trigonal antiferromagnet EuZn2_2P2_2 (P3m1P\overline{3}m1) by means of electrical transport, magnetization measurements, X-ray magnetic scattering, optical reflectivity, angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) and ab-initio band structure calculations (DFT+U). We find that the electrical resistivity of EuZn2_2P2_2 increases strongly upon cooling and can be suppressed in magnetic fields by several orders of magnitude (CMR effect). Resonant magnetic scattering reveals a magnetic ordering vector of q=(0012)q = (0\, 0\, \frac{1}{2}), corresponding to an AA-type antiferromagnetic (AFM) order, below TN=23.7KT_{\rm N} = 23.7\,\rm K. We find that the moments are canted out of the aaa-a plane by an angle of about 40±1040^{\circ}\pm 10^{\circ} degrees and tilted away from the [100] - direction by 30±530^{\circ}\pm 5^{\circ}. We observe nearly isotropic magnetization behavior for low fields and low temperatures which is consistent with the magnetic scattering results. The magnetization measurements show a deviation from the Curie-Weiss behavior below 150K\approx 150\,\rm K, the temperature below which also the field dependence of the material's resistivity starts to increase. An analysis of the infrared reflectivity spectrum at T=295KT=295\,\rm K allows us to resolve the main phonon bands and intra-/interband transitions, and estimate indirect and direct band gaps of Eiopt=0.09eVE_i^{\mathrm{opt}}=0.09\,\rm{eV} and Edopt=0.33eVE_d^{\mathrm{opt}}=0.33\,\rm{eV}, respectively, which are in good agreement with the theoretically predicted ones. The experimental band structure obtained by ARPES is nearly TT-independent above and below TNT_{\rm N}. The comparison of the theoretical and experimental data shows a weak intermixing of the Eu 4ff states close to the Γ\Gamma point with the bands formed by the phosphorous 3pp orbitals leading to an induction of a small magnetic moment at the P sites

    Observation of an Excited Bc+ State

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    Using pp collision data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 8.5 fb-1 recorded by the LHCb experiment at center-of-mass energies of s=7, 8, and 13 TeV, the observation of an excited Bc+ state in the Bc+π+π- invariant-mass spectrum is reported. The observed peak has a mass of 6841.2±0.6(stat)±0.1(syst)±0.8(Bc+) MeV/c2, where the last uncertainty is due to the limited knowledge of the Bc+ mass. It is consistent with expectations of the Bc∗(2S31)+ state reconstructed without the low-energy photon from the Bc∗(1S31)+→Bc+γ decay following Bc∗(2S31)+→Bc∗(1S31)+π+π-. A second state is seen with a global (local) statistical significance of 2.2σ (3.2σ) and a mass of 6872.1±1.3(stat)±0.1(syst)±0.8(Bc+) MeV/c2, and is consistent with the Bc(2S10)+ state. These mass measurements are the most precise to date

    Study of charmonium production in b -hadron decays and first evidence for the decay Bs0

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    Using decays to φ-meson pairs, the inclusive production of charmonium states in b-hadron decays is studied with pp collision data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3.0 fb−1, collected by the LHCb experiment at centre-of-mass energies of 7 and 8 TeV. Denoting byBC ≡ B(b → C X) × B(C → φφ) the inclusive branching fraction of a b hadron to a charmonium state C that decays into a pair of φ mesons, ratios RC1C2 ≡ BC1 /BC2 are determined as Rχc0ηc(1S) = 0.147 ± 0.023 ± 0.011, Rχc1ηc(1S) =0.073 ± 0.016 ± 0.006, Rχc2ηc(1S) = 0.081 ± 0.013 ± 0.005,Rχc1 χc0 = 0.50 ± 0.11 ± 0.01, Rχc2 χc0 = 0.56 ± 0.10 ± 0.01and Rηc(2S)ηc(1S) = 0.040 ± 0.011 ± 0.004. Here and below the first uncertainties are statistical and the second systematic.Upper limits at 90% confidence level for the inclusive production of X(3872), X(3915) and χc2(2P) states are obtained as RX(3872)χc1 < 0.34, RX(3915)χc0 < 0.12 andRχc2(2P)χc2 < 0.16. Differential cross-sections as a function of transverse momentum are measured for the ηc(1S) andχc states. The branching fraction of the decay B0s → φφφ is measured for the first time, B(B0s → φφφ) = (2.15±0.54±0.28±0.21B)×10−6. Here the third uncertainty is due to the branching fraction of the decay B0s → φφ, which is used for normalization. No evidence for intermediate resonances is seen. A preferentially transverse φ polarization is observed.The measurements allow the determination of the ratio of the branching fractions for the ηc(1S) decays to φφ and p p asB(ηc(1S)→ φφ)/B(ηc(1S)→ p p) = 1.79 ± 0.14 ± 0.32

    Measurement of the inelastic pp cross-section at a centre-of-mass energy of 13TeV

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    The cross-section for inelastic proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 13TeV is measured with the LHCb detector. The fiducial cross-section for inelastic interactions producing at least one prompt long-lived charged particle with momentum p &gt; 2 GeV/c in the pseudorapidity range 2 &lt; η &lt; 5 is determined to be ϭ acc = 62:2 ± 0:2 ± 2:5mb. The first uncertainty is the intrinsic systematic uncertainty of the measurement, the second is due to the uncertainty on the integrated luminosity. The statistical uncertainty is negligible. Extrapolation to full phase space yields the total inelastic proton-proton cross-section ϭ inel = 75:4 ± 3:0 ± 4:5mb, where the first uncertainty is experimental and the second due to the extrapolation. An updated value of the inelastic cross-section at a centre-of-mass energy of 7TeV is also reported
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