In Silico characterization of growth hormone from freshwater ornamental fishes: Sequence analysis, molecular modelling and phylogeny

The present investigation includes in Silico sequence analysis, three-dimensional (3D) structure prediction and evolutionary profile of growth hormone (GH) from 14 ornamental freshwater fishes. The analyses were performed using the sequence data of growth hormone gene (gh) and its encoded GH protein. The evolutionary analyses were performed using maximum likelihood (ML) estimate and maximum parsimony (MP) methods. Bootstrap test (1000 replicates) was performed to validate the phylogenetic tree. The tertiary structures of GH were predicted using the comparative modelling method. The suitable template for comparative modeling protein databank (PDB IDs: 1HWG A) has been selected on the basis of basic local alignment search tool (BLASTp) and fast analysis (FASTA) results. The target-template alignment, model building, loop modelling and evaluation have been performed in Modeller 9.10. The tertiary structure of GH is α-helix structure connected by loops, which forms a compressed complex maintained by two disulfide bridges. The resultant 3D models are verified by ERRAT and ProCheck programmes. After fruitful verification, the tertiary structures of GH have been deposited to protein model database (PMDB). Sequence analyses and RNA secondary structure prediction was performed by CLC genomics workbench version 4.0. The computational models of GH could be of use for further evaluation of molecular mechanism of function.Keywords: Growth hormone, in Silico, somatotropin, growth hormone gene (gh) mRNA, freshwater ornamental fis

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

<span style="font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA" lang="EN-GB">Characterization of the traditional fermented fish product <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">Shidol</i> of Northeast India prepared from <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">Puntius sophore </i>and <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">Setipinna phasa</i> </span>

85-90Shidol is a traditional fermented fish product popular in the North eastern part of India, because of its typical flavor and aroma. The proximate composition, biochemical, microbiological and sensory quality of two types of Shidol prepared from Puntius sophore (Hamilton) and Seitpinna phasa (Hamilton) available in markets were studied. The results of the analysis showed that the market samples of Shidol were a good source of protein ranging from 27.2 - 38.35%. The pH and moisture content were from 6.1 - 6.2 and from 33.44 - 37.52%, respectively. The physicochemical analysis revealed that the products were of acceptable quality. The bacterial flora of Shidol comprised of Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus spp and Escherichia coli indicating unhygienic handling practices during preparation and storage. There were no visible fungal colonies on the products; however, when grown on agar medium, a few yeast and mould colonies were observed. The products had acceptable sensory quality. Shidol can be kept for more than one year at room temperature

Functional ureogenesis and changes of amino acid metabolism in amphihaline shad hilsa (<i>Tenualosa ilisha</i>, Hamilton-Buchanan) while inhabiting in estuary and freshwater habitats

652-659The possible occurrence of a functional ornithine-urea cycle (OUC) and changes of activity of key amino acid metabolism-related enzymes were studied in the amphihaline shad hilsa (Tenualosa ilisha) that were collected from estuarine water of Kakdwip and from freshwater river basin of Bhrahmaputra during the breeding season. Very high concentration of urea was detected in different tissues and plasma of shad hilsa collected from estuarine water compared to the one collected from freshwater river basin. This observation clearly suggests that the shad hilsa has the potential of synthesizing and retaining urea inside the body for the purpose of osmoregulation while living in hypertonic saline environment of estuary. This was accompanied by the presence of high activity of all the five OUC enzymes in hepatic and in certain non-hepatic tissues such as the kidney and muscle of shad hilsa in support of its potential ureogenic capacity while inhabiting in estuarine water. The activities of different key amino acid metabolism-related enzymes such as glutamine synthetase, glutamate dehydrogenase, alanine aminotransaminase and aspartate aminotransaminase were also found to be significantly higher in shad hilsa of estuarine water compared to the one collected from freshwater habitat. Thus the adjustment to amino acid metabolism in shad hilsa in different environmental salinities appears to play significant roles for osmotic balance and also for proper energy supply in addition to the presence of a functional OUC while migrating between marine and freshwater habitats throughout their life cycle

Analyzing discrete-time bulk-service

This paper analyzes a discrete-time multi-server queue in which service capacity of each server is a minimum of one and a maximum of b customers. The interarrival- and service-times are assumed to be independent and geometrically distributed. The queue is analyzed under the assumptions of early arrival system and late arrival system with delayed access. Besides, obtaining state probabilities at arbitrary and outside observer's observation epochs, some performance measures and waiting-time distribution in the queue have also been discussed. Finally, it is shown that in limiting case the results obtained in this paper tend to the continuous-time counterpart