3 research outputs found
Incorporating different proportions of exotic maize germplasm into two adapted populations
Maize breeders frequently wish to use exotic germplasm in their breeding programs without losing specific characteristics of their adapted material. The objective of this study was to determine the optimal proportions of exotic germplasm to incorporate into adapted populations (F2 = 50% exotic, BC1 = 25% exotic, BC2 = 12.5% exotic and BC3 = 6.25% exotic) to form the initial foundation population and to determine the heterosis between adapted x exotics. We used six exotic populations of different origins and two adapted populations representing a Brazilian heterotic pattern. In 1993-94 and 1994-95, the parents, F1, F2, BC1, BC2, BC3 and four checks were evaluated in six environments in central Brazil using an 8 x 9 simple rectangular lattice design. Higher mean values for yield were obtained as the proportion of exotic germplasm decreased. Some backcrosses produced more than the adapted populations BR 105 (7.59 ton/ha) and BR 106 (8.43 ton/ha). The best results were obtained when incorporating 6.25 or 12.5% of exotic genes. This trend was true for root lodging, stalk lodging and ear diseases but not for plant and ear height. The midparent heterosis for yield varied from -16.1 to 40.3%. Midparent heterosis with positive and negative values were also found for the other traits. The results indicate the potential of exotic germplasm for developing good hybrids. After choosing the best exotic source, some recurrent selection might be appropriate in order to adapt and improve the exotic populations.<br>Os melhoristas de milho que utilizam germoplasmas exĂłticos nos programas de melhoramento tĂȘm a preocupação de nĂŁo perder as caracterĂsticas desejĂĄveis dos materiais adaptados. Buscando atender esta demanda, o presente trabalho teve por objetivo determinar a proporção ideal de germoplasma exĂłtico que deve ser incorporado em populaçÔes melhoradas (F2 = 50% exĂłtico; RC1 = 25% exĂłtico; RC2 = 12,5% exĂłtico; RC3 = 6,25% exĂłtico), para formar as populaçÔes base para seleção e determinar a heterose entre os germoplasmas exĂłticos e adaptados. Em 1993/94 e 1994/95, os parentais, F1, F2, RC1, RC2, RC3 e quatro testemunhas foram avaliados em seis ambientes da regiĂŁo central do Brasil, utilizando-se o delineamento em lĂĄtice simples 8 x 9. De um modo geral, Ă medida que a proporção de germoplasma exĂłtico decresceu, valores mĂ©dios mais altos foram obtidos para o carĂĄter peso de espigas. Alguns retrocruzamentos produziram mais que as populaçÔes melhoradas BR 105 (7.500 kg/ha) e BR 106 (8.430 kg/ha). Os melhores resultados foram obtidos quando houve a incorporação de 6,25 ou 12,5% de genes exĂłticos. Esta tendĂȘncia foi observada para acamamento, quebramento e espigas doentes, mas nĂŁo para altura de planta e de espiga. A heterose mĂ©dia para peso de espiga variou de -16,1 a 40,3%. Heteroses mĂ©dias com valores positivos e negativos tambĂ©m foram encontradas para outros caracteres. Os resultados obtidos mostraram o potencial em se utilizar germoplasmas exĂłticos para a obtenção de hĂbridos. Sugere-se, apĂłs a escolha dos germoplasma, algum esquema de seleção recorrente para adaptar e melhorar as populaçÔes exĂłticas
Search for Diphoton Events with Large Missing Transverse Energy in 7 TeV Proton-Proton Collisions with the ATLAS Detector
A search for diphoton events with large missing transverse energy is presented. The data were collected with the ATLAS detector in proton-proton collisions at âs=7ââ[square root of s=7] TeV at the CERN Large Hadron Collider and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 3.1ââpb-1 [pb superscript -1]. No excess of such events is observed above the standard model background prediction. In the context of a specific model with one universal extra dimension with compactification radius R and gravity-induced decays, values of 1/R<729ââGeV are excluded at 95% C. L., providing the most sensitive limit on this model to date.United States. Dept. of EnergyNational Science Foundation (U.S.