Effects of Glucose Control on Hematological Indices in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus

Aim: We aimed to investigate the effects of diabetes treatment modalities on haematological parameters and leukocyte formula in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Materials and Methods: The study included 102 patients with type 2 diabetes, out of which 51 receiving insulin treatment and 51 receiving oral antidiabetics (OAD). Hemogram data of insulin and OAD treated groups were compared.Results HbA1c levels were 11.12 ± 2.09 mg/dl in insulin group and 7.94 ± 2.1 mg/dl in OAD group p=0.001. Platelet counts were 27866.67 ± 77693 109/L before treatment and 258941.18 ± 69068.2 109/L in OAD group at six months, p: 0.015 whereas; 293011.76 ± 73711.21 109/L before treatment and 289492.86 ± 82631.49 109/L in insulin group at six months p: 0.821. Monocyte counts were 0.47 ± 0.12 109/L before the treatment and 0.57 ± 0.12 109/L in mix insulin therapy subgroup at six months, p:0.004; monocyte percentage was % 6.11 ± 1.74 before the treatment and %7.51 ± 2.57 in mix insulin subgroup at six months p:0.039;  Basophiles counts were 0.1 ±  0.02 109/L before treatment and 0.09 ± 0.04 109/L in intensive insulin therapy subgroup at six months, p: 0.005; Lymphocyte and basophils counts were significantly decreased at six months insulin treatment as compared to the pretreatment values.Conclusion: This study showed that, glucose control effects; blood indices HbA1C, basophiles, eosinophils, platelets and lymphocytes counts

IN VITRO ANTICANCER ACTIVITY AND CYTOTOXICITY OF SOME PAPAVER ALKALOIDS ON CANCER AND NORMAL CELL LINES

Background: The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of in vitro anticancer activity and cytotoxicity of 13 Papaver alkaloids (amurine, armepavine, berberine, isocorydine, isothebaine, macranthine, mecambrine, mecambridine, narkotine, orientalidine, oripavine, salutaridine and thebaine) against the human cervical cancer cell line (HeLa) compared to the normal African green monkey kidney epithelial cell line (Vero) using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Materials and Methods: The Vero and HeLa cell lines were treated with various concentrations (1-300 μg/mL) of alkaloids for 48 h. Values for cytotoxicity measured by MTT assay were expressed as the concentration that causes a 50% decrease in cell viability (IC50) (μg/mL). Results: Berberine and macranthine were the most active alkaloids. Salutaridine exhibited no cytotoxic activity against two types of cell lines. Dose-dependent studies presented IC50 of 12.08 μg/mL and IC50 of 71.14 μg/mL for berberine and IC50 of 24.16 μg/mL and IC50 of >300 μg/mL for macranthine on the HeLa cells and the Vero cells respectively. Conclusion: The degree of selectivity of the compounds can be expressed by its Selectivity Index (SI) value. High SI value (>2) of a compound gives a selective toxicity towards cancer cells (SI = IC50 for normal cells/IC50 for cancer cells). Two alkaloids showed significant SI values, which are 12.42 for macranthine and 5.89 for berberine. Hence, macranthine and berberine display potential to be further exploited in the discovery and development of new anticancer agents