Extracellular matrix hydrogels from decellularized tissues: structure and function

Extracellular matrix (ECM) bioscaffolds prepared from decellularized tissues have been used to facilitate constructive and functional tissue remodeling in a variety of clinical applications. The discovery that these ECM materials could be solubilized and subsequently manipulated to form hydrogels expanded their potential in vitro and in vivo utility; i.e. as culture substrates comparable to collagen or Matrigel, and as injectable materials that fill irregularly-shaped defects. The mechanisms by which ECM hydrogels direct cell behavior and influence remodeling outcomes are only partially understood, but likely include structural and biological signals retained from the native source tissue. The present review describes the utility, formation, and physical and biological characterization of ECM hydrogels. Two examples of clinical application are presented to demonstrate in vivo utility of ECM hydrogels in different organ systems. Finally, new research directions and clinical translation of ECM hydrogels are discusse

Extracellular matrix-derived hydrogels for dental stem cell delivery

Decellularized mammalian extracellular matrices (ECM) have been widely accepted as an ideal substrate for repair and remodelling of numerous tissues in clinical and pre-clinical studies. Recent studies have demonstrated the ability of ECM scaffolds derived from site-specific homologous tissues to direct cell differentiation. The present study investigated the suitability of hydrogels derived from different source tissues: bone, spinal cord and dentine, as suitable carriers to deliver human apical papilla derived mesenchymal stem cells (SCAP) for spinal cord regeneration. Bone, spinal cord, and dentine ECM hydrogels exhibited distinct structural, mechanical, and biological characteristics. All three hydrogels supported SCAP viability and proliferation. However, only spinal cord and bone derived hydrogels promoted the expression of neural lineage markers. The specific environment of ECM scaffolds significantly affected the differentiation of SCAP to a neural lineage, with stronger responses observed with spinal cord ECM hydrogels, suggesting that site-specific tissues are more likely to facilitate optimal stem cell behavior for constructive spinal cord regeneration

Biomaterials and stem cells in spinal cord injury

Spinal Cord Injury is a very serious trauma which can't be effectively cured at present time. The use of ECM hydrogels as supportive and stimulatory milieu and transplantation of stem cells represent promising approaches for SCI therapy. However, current treatments are limited by inefficient delivery of stem cells into the lesion site. Therefore, the aim of this study was the development of SCI treatment using ECM hydrogels and effective stem cell delivery system. The non-invasive magnetic system was designed and used to accumulate SPION-labelled stem cells at a specific site of a SCI lesion. Decellularized porcine SC and UB tissues, synthetic P(HEMA-AEMA) hydrogel with oriented porosity and modified hyaluronic acid HA-PH-RGD were transplanted into a spinal cord lesion of rats with or without stem cells, followed by histological analysis and gene expression analysis. All types of hydrogels integrated into the lesion and stimulated neovascularization and axonal ingrowth into the lesion. There was no significant difference in the tissue infiltration between the plain hydrogels and those seeded with stem cells. However, a subacute injection HA-PH- RGD/Fibrinogen combined with Wharton's jelly-derived human mesenchymal stem cells enhanced axonal ingrowth into the lesion. Significant down-regulation of..

Biomateriály a kmenové buňky při poranění míchy

Spinal Cord Injury is a very serious trauma which can't be effectively cured at present time. The use of ECM hydrogels as supportive and stimulatory milieu and transplantation of stem cells represent promising approaches for SCI therapy. However, current treatments are limited by inefficient delivery of stem cells into the lesion site. Therefore, the aim of this study was the development of SCI treatment using ECM hydrogels and effective stem cell delivery system. The non-invasive magnetic system was designed and used to accumulate SPION-labelled stem cells at a specific site of a SCI lesion. Decellularized porcine SC and UB tissues, synthetic P(HEMA-AEMA) hydrogel with oriented porosity and modified hyaluronic acid HA-PH-RGD were transplanted into a spinal cord lesion of rats with or without stem cells, followed by histological analysis and gene expression analysis. All types of hydrogels integrated into the lesion and stimulated neovascularization and axonal ingrowth into the lesion. There was no significant difference in the tissue infiltration between the plain hydrogels and those seeded with stem cells. However, a subacute injection HA-PH- RGD/Fibrinogen combined with Wharton's jelly-derived human mesenchymal stem cells enhanced axonal ingrowth into the lesion. Significant down-regulation of...Poranění míchy (SCI) je velmi vážné trauma, které v současné době nelze účinně léčit. Použití hydrogelů na bázi ECM jako podpůrného a stimulačního prostředí a transplantace kmenových buněk představují slibné přístupy k léčbě SCI. Současné léčebné postupy však limituje neefektivní transport kmenových buněk do místa léze. Cílem této studie byl proto vývoj léčby SCI pomocí hydrogelů na bázi ECM a účinného systému pro transport kmenových buněk. Byl navržen neinvazivní magnetický systém, který byl následně použit k akumulaci kmenových buněk značených SPION na specifickém místě léze SCI. Decelularizované tkáně prasečí SC a UB syntetický hydrogel P(HEMA-AEMA) s orientovanou porozitou a modifikované HA-PH-RGD kyseliny hyaluronové byly transplantovány do míšní léze potkanů, a to buď s kmenovými buňkami nebo bez kmenových buněk. Následovala histologická analýza a analýza genové exprese. Všechny typy hydrogelů se integrovaly do léze a stimulovaly neovaskularizaci a axonální vrůstání do léze. Nebyl zjištěn žádný významný rozdíl v infiltraci tkáně mezi prostými hydrogely a hydrogely s nasazenými kmenovými buňkami. Subakutní injekce HA-PH-RGD/fibrinogenu v kombinaci s lidskými mezenchymálními kmenovými buňkami získanými z Whartonova želé však zesílila axonální vrůstání do léze. V hydrogelech byla pozorována...Mimofakultní pracovištěUnits out of CU2. lékařská fakultaSecond Faculty of Medicin