CLIMATE CHANGE, DISASTER RISK REDUCTION AND RESILIENCE

Climate change increases the risks of instability in all its forms, and significantly affects the frequency and intensity of natural threats. In the last two decades, 90 percent of the world\u27s major disasters were caused by events such as heat waves, floods, and weather-related droughts. The 2019 Disaster Risk Assessment for the Republic of Croatia for 10 out of 15 simple risks determined that climate change affected their occurrence. Climate change also affects complex risks, especially in urban areas. Therefore, when assessing the impact of climate change on the environment, it is necessary to consider the impact they have on disaster risks. Disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation have a common area of interest, partly overlapping, and activities to strengthen resilience and to prepare a response system require joint efforts and cooperation

The Contributions of Teacher Humor in EFL Classes in Vietnam: University Students’ Perspectives

According to several studies on English teaching and learning, English as a foreign language (EFL) teachers tend to avoid humor in their classrooms. However, many studies have shown that teachers’ sense of humor plays an essential role in EFL students’ learning process. Therefore, this study utilizing a mixed-method design was conducted to determine students’ perceptions of the impact of teachers’ humor (TH) on their learning. Data were collected through a questionnaire with a five-point Likert scale comprising twenty-one items and semi-structured interviews. The study involved 158 university students in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam. Quantitative data from the questionnaire were analyzed by using SPSS 20.0, and data from the interviews were analyzed according to themes. The survey results revealed that the students showed positive attitudes toward the effects of TH in EFL classrooms, especially reducing boredom (M=4.59), strengthening teacher-student rapport (M=4.53), decreasing sleepiness (M=4.47), promoting students’ cheerfulness (M=4.47), increasing students’ consciousness (M=4.46), and solving conflicts in classrooms (M=4.42). Additionally, non-majored students were appreciated for TH more than their counterparts. Moreover, students’ perceptions positively correlated with their gender. The interviews also showed that cultural factors affected the effectiveness of TH in EFL classes. EFL teachers are encouraged to use TH in their classes in order to foster its benefits. However, careful consideration should be taken before using TH in teaching different students with different learning styles or characteristics

Civil Obligations with Multiplicity of Persons in Roman Law

Проведено дослідження цивільно-правових зобов’язань з множинністю осіб в римському праві. Проаналізовано часткові, солідарні та корреальні зобов’язання. Здійснено розмежування корреальних та солідарних зобов’язань за римським правом.The research of civil obligations with multiplicity of persons in Roman law. Analyses of partial, joint and several, correal obligations. Done distinction between correal obligations - on the one hand and joint and several obligations - on the other hand under Roman law.Проведено исследование гражданско-правовых обязательств с множественностью лиц в римском праве. Проанализированы долевые, солидарные и корреальные обязательства. Осуществлено разграничение корреальных и солидарных обязательств в римском праве

University Students’ Preferable Types of Teacher Humor in English Classes

The current study aimed to explore what types of teacher humor EFL students prefer in their classes. The study was designed as a mixed-method approach, using questionnaires and semi-structured interviews to collect data in two different Vietnamese universities. One hundred fifty-eight university students responded to the survey, and eight out of them were recruited as the participants for the interviews. The study results revealed that the types of jokes (M=4.41), riddles (M=4.08), and language play (M=4.15) were most favored. Besides, the participants' demographic information, including their gender and majors, affected their preferable types of teacher humor. Specifically, males showed more positive attitudes towards teacher humor than their counterparts. In terms of students’ majors, there were differences between non-English majors and English-majored students’ perceptions of irony, teasing, language play, visual and physical humor. Regarding the students’ positive attitudes towards teacher humor, EFL teachers should learn more about valuable strategies for using teacher humor in their classes due to the fact that they do not need to have a sense of humor to use it effectively

The Contributions of Teacher Humor in EFL Classes in Vietnam: University Students’ Perspectives

According to several studies on English teaching and learning, English as a foreign language (EFL) teachers tend to avoid humor in their classrooms. However, many studies have shown that teachers’ sense of humor plays an essential role in EFL students’ learning process. Therefore, this study utilizing a mixed-method design was conducted to determine students’ perceptions of the impact of teachers’ humor (TH) on their learning. Data were collected through a questionnaire with a five-point Likert scale comprising twenty-one items and semi-structured interviews. The study involved 158 university students in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam. Quantitative data from the questionnaire were analyzed by using SPSS 20.0, and data from the interviews were analyzed according to themes. The survey results revealed that the students showed positive attitudes toward the effects of TH in EFL classrooms, especially reducing boredom (M=4.59), strengthening teacher-student rapport (M=4.53), decreasing sleepiness (M=4.47), promoting students’ cheerfulness (M=4.47), increasing students’ consciousness (M=4.46), and solving conflicts in classrooms (M=4.42). Additionally, non-majored students were appreciated for TH more than their counterparts. Moreover, students’ perceptions positively correlated with their gender. The interviews also showed that cultural factors affected the effectiveness of TH in EFL classes. EFL teachers are encouraged to use TH in their classes in order to foster its benefits. However, careful consideration should be taken before using TH in teaching different students with different learning styles or characteristics

The role of the civil protection system in supporting the healthcare system in the fight against COVID-19

Pojava prvog oboljelog u Hrvatskoj bio je dovoljan signal za promptnu reakcije Vlade RH i aktivnog uključivanja Ravnateljstva civilne zaštite i cijelog sustava civilne zaštite u sprječavanje širenja koronavirusa. U ovoj dugoj i neizvjesnoj borbi protiv COVID-19, naglasak je stavljen na aktiviranje nacionalnog i lokalnih stožera civilne zaštite, uspostavu Logističkog centra Ravnateljstva civilne zaštite, sudjelovanje u postavljanju i opremanju dodatnih kapaciteta za potrebe medicinskih ustanova, distribuciju cjepiva i provedbu cijepljenja, pravovremeno i transparentno krizno komuniciranje, kontinuirane nadzore nad provođenjem mjera iz odluka te međunarodnu suradnju u okviru civilne zaštite. Može se reći da je Hrvatska pronašla način kako se uspješno boriti protiv ove zdravstvene krize svjetskih razmjera, čemu je uvelike doprinijela suradnja nacionalnih i lokalnih tijela, stožera civilne zaštite, stručnih radnih skupina i drugih eksperata te građana Republike Hrvatske.The appearance of the first infected person in Croatia was a sufficient signal for the prompt reaction of the Government of the Republic of Croatia and the active involvement of the Civil Protection Directorate and the entire civil protection system in preventing the spread of the coronavirus. During this long and uncertain fight against COVID-19, emphasis was placed on the activation of national and local civil protection headquarters, the establishment of the Logistic Center of the Civil Protection Directorate, the participation in setting up and equipping additional capacities for the needs of medical institutions, the distribution of vaccines and the implementation of vaccinations, timely and transparent crisis communication, continuous supervision over the implementation of measures defined in decisions and on international cooperation within the framework of civil protection. It can be said that Croatia found a way to successfully fight this global health crisis, this was greatly due to by the cooperation of national and local bodies, civil protection headquarters, expert working groups and other experts, and the citizens of the Republic of Croatia

Odrednice stavova prema ženama u vojsci

In recent decades, an increasing number of women are joining the military, which has been historically a male-dominated institution. This study examined attitudes toward women in the military and the factors associated with them. The study was conducted on a random sample of 895 active service members from the Croatian Armed Forces (445 men and 450 women). The study findings indicate a moderately high approval of women in the military, but with the existence of significant gender differences. Men expressed more negative attitudes toward women in the military when compared to women. In addition, the results of the regression analyses indicated that, among men, hostile sexism, satisfaction with professional contacts with women in the military, and professional status were significantly associated with their attitudes toward women in the military. The results also showed that, among women, hostile sexism, frequency of professional contacts with other women, and educational level were significantly associated with their attitudes toward women in the military. The study findings reveal insights into gender relations in the previously unexplored socio-cultural military context, and have implications for research and practice in the Croatian military. However, this study could also contribute to a better understanding of the complexity of gender issues within NATO, and could encourage the development of new theoretical models and cross-cultural research.Posljednjih se desetljeća sve veći broj žena priključuje vojsci, instituciji kojom su povijesno gledano dominirali muškarci. Ovim su istraživanjem ispitane odrednice stavova prema ženama u vojsci, a istraživanje je provedeno na slučajnom uzorku 895 pripadnika djelatnog sastava Hrvatske vojske (445 muškaraca i 450 žena). Nalazi istraživanja ukazuju na umjereno visok stupanj odobravanja žena u vojsci, ali uz postojanje značajnih rodnih razlika. Muškarci su u usporedbi sa ženama izražavali negativnije stavove prema ženama u vojsci. Rezultati regresijskih analiza pokazali su da su među muškarcima hostilni seksizam, zadovoljstvo profesionalnim kontaktima sa ženama u vojsci te profesionalni status značajno povezani s njihovim stavovima prema ženama u vojsci. Rezultati su također pokazali da su kod žena hostilni seksizam, učestalost profesionalnih kontakata s drugim ženama te razina obrazovanja značajno povezani s njihovim stavovima prema ženama u vojsci. Nalazi istraživanja donose uvide u rodne odnose unutar ranije neistraživanog sociokulturnog vojnog konteksta te imaju implikacije za istraživanje i praksu u Hrvatskoj vojsci. Ujedno, mogli bi doprinijeti i boljem razumijevanju složenosti rodnih pitanja unutar NATO-a te potaknuti razvoj novih teorijskih modela i budućih međukulturnih istraživanja

Critical infrastructure protection actualities with emphasis to public water supply

Voda je jedinstven i nezamjenjiv prirodni resurs ograničenih količina i neravnomjerne globalne prostorne i vremenske raspodjele. Iz činjenice da su svi oblici života i sve ljudske aktivnosti više ili manje vezane uz vodu, jasno proizlazi važnost odnosa i zaštita vode. Klimatske su promjene evidentirane, a hidrološki ekstremi poplave i suše sve su izraženiji. Prilagodba klimatskim promjenama trajna je zadaća, za što je nužno na održiv način razvijati i održavati vodnogospodarske i vodnokomunalne objekte i sustave . Osim klimatskih promjena kao rastuće sigurnosne prijetnje po vodne resurse i vodoopskrbnu infrastrukturu - tu su i druge asimetrične prijetnje i izazovi poput cyber napada, namjernih onečišćenja, sabotaža, terorističkih napada, sukoba i dr. Stoga je od prioritetne važnosti pojačavati mjere zaštite vodnih resursa i otpornost distribucijskih vodoopskrbnih infrastruktura kako u svijetu, tako i u Republici Hrvatskoj. Sigurnosne prijetnje po kritičnu infrastrukturu smanjit ćemo primjenjujući pristupe ponajprije vezane uz strategijske i normativne okvire, a zatim kroz sigurnosne planove, programe i ostale aktivnosti koje će se morati provoditi na svim razinama upravljanja i otpornosti kritičnih infrastruktura.Water is a unique and irreplacable, limited natural resource with an uneven global spatial and temporal distribution. The fact that all life forms and all human activities are more or less related to water clearly shows the importance of relations and the protection of water. Climate change has been recorded, and the hydrological extremes of floods and droughts are becoming more pronounced. Adaptation to climate change is an ongoing task, for which it is necessary to develop and maintain water management and water utility facilities and systems in a sustainable way. In addition to climate change as a growing security threat to the water infrastructure, there are other asymmetric threats and challenges such as cyberattacks, deliberate pollution, terrorist attacks, sabotage etc. Economic development and urbanization are leading to a large increase in water demand, and in this respect, water is becoming a limiting factor in development. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to initiate the protection of water resources and the protection of distribution water supply infrastructures in the Republic of Croatia. We will reduce security threats to critical infrastructure by applying approaches primarily related to legislative frameworks and then through plans, programs and other activities that will need to be implemented at all levels of critical infrastructure management

Critical infrastructure protection actualities with emphasis to public water supply

Voda je jedinstven i nezamjenjiv prirodni resurs ograničenih količina i neravnomjerne globalne prostorne i vremenske raspodjele. Iz činjenice da su svi oblici života i sve ljudske aktivnosti više ili manje vezane uz vodu, jasno proizlazi važnost odnosa i zaštita vode. Klimatske su promjene evidentirane, a hidrološki ekstremi poplave i suše sve su izraženiji. Prilagodba klimatskim promjenama trajna je zadaća, za što je nužno na održiv način razvijati i održavati vodnogospodarske i vodnokomunalne objekte i sustave . Osim klimatskih promjena kao rastuće sigurnosne prijetnje po vodne resurse i vodoopskrbnu infrastrukturu - tu su i druge asimetrične prijetnje i izazovi poput cyber napada, namjernih onečišćenja, sabotaža, terorističkih napada, sukoba i dr. Stoga je od prioritetne važnosti pojačavati mjere zaštite vodnih resursa i otpornost distribucijskih vodoopskrbnih infrastruktura kako u svijetu, tako i u Republici Hrvatskoj. Sigurnosne prijetnje po kritičnu infrastrukturu smanjit ćemo primjenjujući pristupe ponajprije vezane uz strategijske i normativne okvire, a zatim kroz sigurnosne planove, programe i ostale aktivnosti koje će se morati provoditi na svim razinama upravljanja i otpornosti kritičnih infrastruktura.Water is a unique and irreplacable, limited natural resource with an uneven global spatial and temporal distribution. The fact that all life forms and all human activities are more or less related to water clearly shows the importance of relations and the protection of water. Climate change has been recorded, and the hydrological extremes of floods and droughts are becoming more pronounced. Adaptation to climate change is an ongoing task, for which it is necessary to develop and maintain water management and water utility facilities and systems in a sustainable way. In addition to climate change as a growing security threat to the water infrastructure, there are other asymmetric threats and challenges such as cyberattacks, deliberate pollution, terrorist attacks, sabotage etc. Economic development and urbanization are leading to a large increase in water demand, and in this respect, water is becoming a limiting factor in development. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to initiate the protection of water resources and the protection of distribution water supply infrastructures in the Republic of Croatia. We will reduce security threats to critical infrastructure by applying approaches primarily related to legislative frameworks and then through plans, programs and other activities that will need to be implemented at all levels of critical infrastructure management

Modern Approaches to the Characterization of the Chronological Framework of the Civil War in Russia

Introduction. The paper examines various approaches of authoritative domestic and foreign researchers to the issues of substantiation and characteristics of the upper and lower chronological boundaries of the Civil War in Russia in the twentieth century, presented by them in scientific publications of the modern period of time. A comprehensive and detailed description of the time of the beginning and end of the Civil War is of great importance for the essential consideration of this extremely complex, contradictory, ambiguous, tragic, but at the same time significant event in the history of our country. Methods and materials. The study used logical analysis, the method of periodization of the historical process in the “historiographic refraction”, the historical-system method and scientific-critical analysis. The sources of this article are scientific studies of domestic and foreign historians of the modern period of time devoted to the issue of the chronological framework of the beginning and end of the Civil War in Russia. Analysis. The article identifies and critically analyzes various points of view of authoritative domestic and foreign researchers on the issues of the time of the beginning and end of the Civil War. The main approaches of historians to the periodization of the time of the beginning and end of the war, which are currently shared by the overwhelming majority of members of the historical scientific community, are characterized. Both general, fully or partially coinciding author’s positions on this issue and completely different approaches of researchers on its characteristics are shown. Objective analysis and scientific criticism have been subjected to the most controversial, from our point of view, views of some domestic and especially foreign historians on these issues, the argumentation of whose positions raises reasonable objections. Results. A scientific and critical analysis of modern historiographical developments of domestic and foreign historians on this issue has shown that there is currently no single, universally recognized point of view on this issue in historiography. This circumstance is due to both the complexity and ambiguity of the justification of the upper and lower chronological boundaries of the Civil War, as well as the existing author’s approaches, each of which has an appropriate scientific theoretical and factual argumentation