Relevant Competitiveness Studies on Exogenous and Endogenous Factors in SMEs in the Santa Elena Canton

En este estudio se realiza un análisis comparativo de la competitividad en el cantón Santa Elena, identificando sus determinantes y fuentes de variación. Para calcular las medidas de competitividad se realiza un análisis correlacional entre variables identificadas para el efecto, este análisis trata más bien de estudiar la relación entre dos o más variables al mismo tiempo. Teniendo en cuenta el nivel generalmente bajo de competitividad, los resultados principales revelan que muchos Pymes de la muestra tienen margen de mejora en la asignación de recursos por ejemplo. Además, de factores empresariales como la innovación y la sofisticación del entorno empresarial, se identifican aspectos estructurales, como el tamaño del mercado y la calidad de la demanda, y factores sistémicos, como la infraestructura, la salud, la educación, la capacitación laboral y el entorno macroeconómico, como condiciones importantes para aumentar la competitividad.In this study, a comparative analysis of competitiveness in the Santa Elena canton is carried out, identifying its determinants and sources of variation. To calculate the measures of competitiveness, a correlational analysis is carried out between variables identified for the purpose; this analysis rather tries to study the relationship between two or more variables at the same time. Taking into account the generally low level of competitiveness, the main results reveal that many SMEs in the sample have room for improvement in the allocation of resources, for example. In addition, business factors such as innovation and sophistication of the business environment are identified as structural aspects, such as market size and quality of demand, and systemic factors, such as infrastructure, health, education, job training and the macroeconomic environment, as important conditions to increase competitiveness

Development of a passive mini-direct ethanol fuel cell : effect of mea assembly parameters by hot pressure.

This paper presents preliminary results on the design, construction and evaluation of a passive mini direct ethanol fuel cell (DEFC), capillary fed with 2 mol l-1 aqueous ethanol, at a rate of 2.03 μL min-1, and air oxygen in the cathode through an air vent. Parameters such as pressure, temperature and time of manufacturing a membrane-electrode assembly (MEA) by hot-pressure were evaluated. As the electrode holder used a 0.25 cm2 carbon tissue which was deposited on the catalytic layer (C. L.) for both the anode (0.8 mg cm-2 of PtRu/C) and the cathode (0.8 mg cm-2 of Pt/C), Nafi on® 115 membranes were used as the electrolyte. The results show, an average power density of 302 μWcm2 under the best conditions used, a catalytic layer with a Nafi on percentage of 50% at 25 °C. A temperature of 125 °C, a pressure of 49.2 Kg/cm2, and 90 seconds duration were used to obtain the MEA

Development of a Passive Mini-Direct Ethanol Fuel Cell: Effect of Mea Assembly Parameters by Hot Pressure

This paper presents preliminary results on the design, construction and evaluation of a passive mini direct ethanol fuel cell (DEFC), capillary fed with 2 mol l-1 aqueous ethanol, at a rate of 2.03 μL min-1, and air oxygen in the cathode through an air vent. Parameters such as pressure, temperature and time of manufacturing a membrane-electrode assembly (MEA) by hot-pressure were evaluated. As the electrode holder used a 0.25 cm2 carbon tissue which was deposited on the catalytic layer (C. L.) for both the anode (0.8 mg cm-2of PtRu/C) and the cathode (0.8 mg cm -2of Pt/C), Nafi on® 115 membranes were used as the electrolyte. The results show, an average power density of 302 μWcm2 under the best conditions used, a catalytic layer with a Nafi on percentage of 50% at 25 °C. A temperature of 125 °C, a pressure of 49.2 Kg/cm2, and 90 seconds duration were used to obtain the MEA

Narrativas de la queja : hacia la construcción de ciudadanía.

El presente estudio tiene como objetivo identificar, describir y analizar las relaciones que pueden darse entre los procesos narrativos y argumentativos de la queja hacia la construcción de ciudadanía, en estudiantes de Ciclo 1 de cuatro Instituciones Distritales de Bogotá. Es decir, se busca caracterizar las narrativas de la queja para luego determinar de qué modo generan estrategias hacia la formación de un ciudadano crítico y ético.Universidad de San Buenaventura, sede Bogot

Parasitismo intestinal y tuberculosis

Introducción.La tuberculosis es coendémica en áreas con alta prevalencia de parasitismo intestinal. Se ha sugerido que, en pacientes con tuberculosis latente, la parasitosis intestinal por helmintos puede desencadenar progresión hacia la forma pulmonar activa, pero esta relación es controversial.Objetivo. Realizar una revisión narrativa de la literatura respecto a la relación existente entre el parasitismo intestinal y la infección por Mycobacterium tuberculosis.Materiales y métodos. Se llevó a cabo una búsqueda de la literatura publicada en las bases de datos ProQuest, EBSCO, ScienceDirect, Pubmed, LILACS, Embase, Trip Database, SciELO y Cochrane Library, con los términos: [Tuberculosis] AND [Intestinal diseases, parasitic] AND [Helminths]; [Tuberculosis] AND [Intestinal diseases, parasitic]; [Tuberculosis] AND [Helminths] en inglés y con sus equivalentes en español. Esta búsqueda se limitó a revisiones sistemáticas con o sin metaanálisis, estudios de cohorte y casos y controles.Resultados. Se encontraron 1 revisión sistemática, 2 estudios de cohorte y 44 estudios de casos y controles con información relevante para el desarrollo de la presente revisión.Conclusiones. La evidencia disponible fue insuficiente para afirmar que el parasitismo intestinal predispone al desarrollo de la enfermedad tuberculosa. Los estudios realizados hasta ahora han encontrado resultados estadísticamente no significativos.Introduction: Tuberculosis is co-endemic in areas with a high prevalence of intestinal parasites. It has been suggested that intestinal parasitosis by helminths may trigger progression to the active pulmonary form in patients with latent tuberculosis, although this correlation is controversial.Objective: To perform a review of the literature regarding the correlation between intestinal parasites and infection by Mycobacterium tuberculosis.Materials and methods: A literature search was carried out in the ProQuest, EBSCO, ScienceDirect, Pubmed, LILACS, Embase, Trip Database, SciELO and Cochrane Library databases of the terms: [Tuberculosis] AND [Intestinal diseases, parasitic] AND [Helminths]; [Tuberculosis] AND [Intestinal diseases, parasitic]; [Tuberculosis] AND [Helminths], both in English and in Spanish. This search was limited to systematic reviews with or without meta-analysis, cohort studies and case–control studies.Results: One systematic review, 2 cohort studies and 44 case-control studies with relevant information were found for this review.Conclusions: The available evidence was insufficient to affirm that intestinal parasites predispose to developing tuberculous. The studies carried out so far have found statistically insignificant results

The CCP4 suite: integrative software for macromolecular crystallography

The Collaborative Computational Project No. 4 (CCP4) is a UK-led international collective with a mission to develop, test, distribute and promote software for macromolecular crystallography. The CCP4 suite is a multiplatform collection of programs brought together by familiar execution routines, a set of common libraries and graphical interfaces. The CCP4 suite has experienced several considerable changes since its last reference article, involving new infrastructure, original programs and graphical interfaces. This article, which is intended as a general literature citation for the use of the CCP4 software suite in structure determination, will guide the reader through such transformations, offering a general overview of the new features and outlining future developments. As such, it aims to highlight the individual programs that comprise the suite and to provide the latest references to them for perusal by crystallographers around the world.Jon Agirre is a Royal Society University Research Fellow (UF160039 and URF\R\221006). Mihaela Atanasova is funded by the UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC; EP/R513386/1). Haroldas Bagdonas is funded by The Royal Society (RGF/R1/181006). Jose´ Javier Burgos-Ma´rmol and Daniel J. Rigden are supported by the BBSRC (BB/S007105/1). Robbie P. Joosten is funded by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No. 871037 (iNEXTDiscovery) and by CCP4. This work was supported by the Medical Research Council as part of United Kingdom Research and Innovation, also known as UK Research and Innovation: MRC file reference No. MC_UP_A025_1012 to Garib N. Murshudov, which also funded Keitaro Yamashita, Paul Emsley and Fei Long. Robert A. Nicholls is funded by the BBSRC (BB/S007083/1). Soon Wen Hoh is funded by the BBSRC (BB/T012935/1). Kevin D. Cowtan and Paul S. Bond are funded in part by the BBSRC (BB/S005099/1). John Berrisford and Sameer Velankar thank the European Molecular Biology Laboratory–European Bioinformatics Institute, who supported this work. Andrea Thorn was supported in the development of AUSPEX by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (05K19WWA and 05K22GU5) and by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (TH2135/2-1). Petr Kolenko and Martin Maly´ are funded by the MEYS CR (CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_019/0000778). Martin Maly´ is funded by the Czech Academy of Sciences (86652036) and CCP4/STFC (521862101). Anastassis Perrakis acknowledges funding from iNEXT (grant No. 653706), iNEXT-Discovery (grant No. 871037), West-Life (grant No. 675858) and EOSC-Life (grant No. 824087) funded by the Horizon 2020 program of the European Commission. Robbie P. Joosten has been the recipient of a Veni grant (722.011.011) and a Vidi grant (723.013.003) from the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO). Maarten L. Hekkelman, Robbie P. Joosten and Anastassis Perrakis thank the Research High Performance Computing facility of the Netherlands Cancer Institute for providing and maintaining computation resources and acknowledge the institutional grant from the Dutch Cancer Society and the Dutch Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sport. Tarik R. Drevon is funded by the BBSRC (BB/S007040/1). Randy J. Read is supported by a Principal Research Fellowship from the Wellcome Trust (grant 209407/Z/17/Z). Atlanta G. Cook is supported by a Wellcome Trust SRF (200898) and a Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology core grant (203149). Isabel Uso´n acknowledges support from STFC-UK/CCP4: ‘Agreement for the integration of methods into the CCP4 software distribution, ARCIMBOLDO_LOW’ and Spanish MICINN/AEI/FEDER/UE (PID2021-128751NB-I00). Pavol Skubak and Navraj Pannu were funded by the NWO Applied Sciences and Engineering Domain and CCP4 (grant Nos. 13337 and 16219). Bernhard Lohkamp was supported by the Ro¨ntgen A˚ ngstro¨m Cluster (grant 349-2013-597). Nicholas Pearce is currently funded by the SciLifeLab and Wallenberg Data Driven Life Science Program (grant KAW 2020.0239) and has previously been funded by a Veni Fellowship (VI.Veni.192.143) from the Dutch Research Council (NWO), a Long-term EMBO fellowship (ALTF 609-2017) and EPSRC grant EP/G037280/1. David M. Lawson received funding from BBSRC Institute Strategic Programme Grants (BB/P012523/1 and BB/P012574/1). Lucrezia Catapano is the recipient of an STFC/CCP4-funded PhD studentship (Agreement No: 7920 S2 2020 007).Peer reviewe

The CCP4 suite : integrative software for macromolecular crystallography

The Collaborative Computational Project No. 4 (CCP4) is a UK-led international collective with a mission to develop, test, distribute and promote software for macromolecular crystallography. The CCP4 suite is a multiplatform collection of programs brought together by familiar execution routines, a set of common libraries and graphical interfaces. The CCP4 suite has experienced several considerable changes since its last reference article, involving new infrastructure, original programs and graphical interfaces. This article, which is intended as a general literature citation for the use of the CCP4 software suite in structure determination, will guide the reader through such transformations, offering a general overview of the new features and outlining future developments. As such, it aims to highlight the individual programs that comprise the suite and to provide the latest references to them for perusal by crystallographers around the world

General guidelines for the design of BRT routes in the Public Transport Integrated System of Bogotá

Trabajo presentado en: R-Evolucionando el transporte, XIV Congreso de Ingeniería del Transporte (CIT 2021), realizado en modalidad online los días 6, 7 y 8 de julio de 2021, organizado por la Universidad de BurgosThe objective was to establish general guidelines for the design of the BRT route network in Bogotá's Public Transport Integrated System – SITP – in terms of geographical layouts, stop points, and frequencies. The demand for the morning rush hour in a typical business day before COVID-19 was contemplated. The research methodology had three phases. 1) Establish several sets of preliminary guidelines for route network design in the Bogotá BRT System – TransMilenio –. 2) Development of a methodology – based on a transport model implemented in PTV-Visum – to assess different routes scenarios designed following those sets of preliminary guidelines. 3) Application of this assessment methodology to quantify the impact of each set of preliminary guidelines for route network design, thus choosing the best alternatives. The outputs can be divided into two categories. 1) Heuristic processes for the systematic design of routes in the BRT system. 2) Selected guidelines for the design of route network in TransMilenio. This report will be focused on the second category of outputs. Among the conclusions, the BRT services in Bogotá should be designed with a multi-criteria approach, which implies a relatively complex route network. A very simplified route network has proven to be inconvenient. On the other hand, in the short term, it is recommended to maintain diametrical routes to avoid the collapse of central stations due to increased transfers. However, in the medium term, the paradigm must evolve to radial routes design. This approach would make it possible to significantly reduce the minimum required fleet, improving headways, increasing comfort within buses, and/or reducing investment in rolling stock. Furthermore, it has been shown that the radial routes approach would require four new central interchange stations in Bogotá.Special thanks to the Department of Civil Engineering of the National University of Colombia, for their support in this work. Likewise, to the consulting company GSD Plus for providing the modeling software licenses, and to Lisa Losada – PhD Candidate at Purdue University – for her review and comments on this paper

Estudio de viabilidad para la apertura de una nueva sede de la organización médico odontológica nacional integrada en el barrio Juan XXIII

El presente documento contiene la información recolectada para ofrecer un estudio de viabilidad de apertura de una nueva sede de la IPS Organización Médico Odontológica Nacional Integrada Omnisalud S.A en la ciudad de Bogotá específicamente en el Barrio Juan XXIII, para llevar a cabo este documento nos guiamos en las buenas prácticas indicadas por el PMBOK® 6ta edición. Omnisalud S.A es una IPS del Sector de Salud ocupacional, cuya actividad principal es la prestación de servicio de exámenes médicos ocupacionales de ingreso, periódico, egreso e incapacidades a las empresas del sector público y privado, en abril de 2016 inició su plan de expansión al entrar a laborar en la ciudad de Bogotá con la compra de la IPS Laboratorio Clínico Diagnóstico Ana María Vollert ubicada en el barrio El Polo Club, dicha IPS contaba con la habilitación de la Secretaría de Salud de Bogotá para prestar servicios de exámenes médicos ocupacionales, el plan de Omnisalud S.A era entrar a la ciudad de Bogotá comprando una IPS reconocida en el mercado y realizar los trámites para habilitación de IPS nueva en Bogotá dando uso a la infraestructura que tenía ya la IPS habilitada.This document contains the information collected to offer a feasibility study for the opening of a new headquarters of the Omnisalud SA Integrated National Odontological Medical Organization in the city of Bogotá, specifically in the Barrio Juan XXIII, to carry out this document. the good practices indicated by the PMBOK® 6th edition. Omnisalud SA is an IPS of the Occupational Health Sector, whose main activity is the provision of service of occupational medical examinations of admission, periodical, discharge and post incapacities to the companies of the public and private sector, on April, 2016 initiated its plan of expansion when entering to work in the city of Bogotá with the purchase of the IPS Ana Maria Vollert Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory located in the El Polo Club neighborhood, said IPS had the authorization of the Ministry of Health of Bogota to provide medical examination services occupational, the plan of Omnisalud SA was to enter the city of Bogotá by purchasing a recognized IPS in the market and carry out the procedures to qualify for a new IPS in Bogotá, using the infrastructure it had and the IPS enabled