Multiplex blood group typing by cellular surface plasmon resonance imaging

BACKGROUND: Blood-group typing of donors and patients is essential to avoid incompatible transfusions. Transfusion of incompatible RBCs may result in alloimmunization complicating future transfusions or in the presence of antibodies in adverse reactions. With more than 300 blood group antigens identified, it is difficult to provide fully compatible blood. Currently, standard practice is to match for the most immunogenic antigens. While the current agglutination-based RBC-typing methods are reliable for testing a selected number of antigens, they are not easily adaptable for high-throughput multiplex blood typing beyond the current standard. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) is a label-free method to follow molecular—and, very recently, also cellular—interactions in real time. Demonstration of binding of RBCs to blood group antigen-specific antibodies by SPR has already been achieved. Here, we demonstrate the generation of an SPR array equipped with clinically relevant blood group antibodies (A, B, and Rh blood groups). To validate this method, we blindly compared typing of 946 blood donors with results of current diagnostic agglutination-based methods. RESULTS: RBC typing was achieved by monitoring RBC binding to blood group–specific antibodies on the sensor simultaneously within 5 minutes per sample. Regeneration of the chip was robust, allowing for typing of at least 100 samples. The typing results gave a 100% match with classical serology with all antibodies tested besides anti-E/e monoclonals, which gave inconsistent results due to low antibody specificity. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that SPR-based RBC typing for multiple antigens can be realized simultaneously with high-quality antibodies, enabling reduced hands-on time and possibly improving cost efficiency

NaHS reverses the LPS-induced leukocytes infiltration into decidua.

<p>Total density of leukocytes in mice maternal-fetus unit was determined by immunostaining for CD45 (common leukocyte antigen). A. Mice injected with vehicle at 14.5 dpc. B. Mice injected with NaHS(10mg/kg) at 14.5 dpc. C. Mice injected with LPS (0.4mg/kg) at 14.5 dpc. D. Mice injected with LPS (0.4mg/kg) and NaHS (10mg/kg) at 14.5 dpc. Arrow heads indicate positively stained leucocytes. Dec, decidua; Pla, placenta; Myo, myometrium.</p

Updated Molecular Testing Guideline for the Selection of Lung Cancer Patients for Treatment With Targeted Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors: Guideline From the College of American Pathologists, the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer, and the Association for Molecular Pathology

Context: In 2013, an evidence-based guideline was published by the College of American Pathologists, the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer, and the Association for Molecular Pathology to set standards for the molecular analysis of lung cancers to guide treatment decisions with targeted inhibitors. New evidence has prompted an evaluation of additional laboratory technologies, targetable genes, patient populations, and tumor types for testing. Objective: To systematically review and update the 2013 guideline to affirm its validity; to assess the evidence of new genetic discoveries, technologies, and therapies; and to issue an evidence-based update. Design: The College of American Pathologists, the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer, and the Association for Molecular Pathology convened an expert panel to develop an evidence-based guideline to help define the key questions and literature search terms, review abstracts and full articles, and draft recommendations. Results: Eighteen new recommendations were drafted. The panel also updated 3 recommendations from the 2013 guideline. Conclusions: The 2013 guideline was largely reaffirmed with updated recommendations to allow testing of cytology samples, require improved assay sensitivity, and recommend against the use of immunohistochemistry for EGFR testing. Key new recommendations include ROS1 testing for all adenocarcinoma patients; the inclusion of additional genes (ERBB2, MET, BRAF, KRAS, and RET) for laboratories that perform next-generation sequencing panels; immunohistochemistry as an alternative to fluorescence in situ hybridization for ALK and/or ROS1 testing; use of 5% sensitivity assays for EGFR T790M mutations in patients with secondary resistance to EGFR inhibitors; and the use of cell-free DNA to “rule in” targetable mutations when tissue is limited or hard to obtain