AGNIKARMA- A TRENCHANT TECHNIQUE FOR CATHOLICON OF KADARA W.S.R TO CORN

Kadara has been described as one of the Kshudra roga in Sushruta samhita. It is characterized by hard Granthi type swelling. It amounts to great pain and discomfort when pressure is applied. Even though it is not fatal but makes patient suffer a lot of pain. Patient makes great effort to get rid from this. Kadar can be co-related to corn in modern science. But its management in modern science is not satisfactory. In modern science its treatment includes corn cap application and Surgical excision. Excision of corn is very painful procedure. In modern surgery the only form of treatment of corn that affords any reliable prospect of cure is excision. But the surgeries of corn have an unenviable reputation for subsequent chronic wound healing, more hospitalization etc. Generally is recommended that salicylic acid not to be used by people with diabetes, or when there is frail skin or poor circulation (because of concern about how the skin can heal). Sometime salicylic acid can harmful and allergic to skin moreover by these procedure reoccurrence is very common. So keeping these drawbacks of modern science management, Agnikarma mentioned in Ayurveda selected to give new parameter to management of Kadara. In this present study total 30 patients were selected randomly. They were treated by Agnikarma procedure with Pancloha shalaka in a Systematic manner for duration of 15 days with interval of 5 days in 3 sittings. An excision of Kadar is done by Red Hot Panchloha shalkha. Internally Triphala guggulu 2 tab for 5 days with lukewarm water after food was given. Patient was followed up to 60 days of the procedures to observe and note any reoccurrence. Dressing with Jatyadi Ghrita was done daily in OPD of Shalya tantra department. After completion of clinical trial highly significant result were found in parameter like pain, infection and healing period and no reoccurrence was observed by Agnikarma procedure. By these result it can concluded that Agnikarma is an effective remedy for Kadara.

KSHARASUTRA - AN EFFECTIVE TREATMENT MODALITY FOR ARSHAS (HAEMORRHOIDS)

Arsha is one of the prime important disease from Asthamahagada, a group of disease which is to be treated with great difficulty. Arsha is the gift of busy life style with main etiological factor Mithyaaahar-vihar. In modern medical science many techniques like sclerotherapy, cryosurgery, Rubber band ligation, Infrared photo coagulation, Laser therapy, stapled haemorrhoidectomy, Open haemorrhoidectomy etc. are in practice where in the result was found to be in less satisfactory. In this regard to determine a solution for satisfactory cure, the Ksharasutra ligation method in Arsha was studied. In the present study the Apamarga ksharasutra ligation was done on different sizes, shapes and degrees of Arsha. Apamarga ksharasutra was prepared as per standard method described in Ayurvedic texts. A total of 30 patients were selected by simple random sampling method with the complaints of Vibhanda, Raktasrava, Kandu, Pandu. The study revealed the better result of Ksharasutra ligation .It was found that Ksharasutra ligation procedure of Arsha is better alternative because of advantages like minimum hospital stay, no bleeding during or after operation, more acceptability, low cost effective, no post-operative complications etc. Statistically, Ksharasutra ligation for Arsha was found to be highly significant and effective treatment. No adverse effects were noted during follow up period.

Comparison of retinal nerve fiber layer and macular thickness for discriminating primary open-angle glaucoma and normal-tension glaucoma using optical coherence tomography

Purpose The aim of this study was to evaluate the discrimination capabilities of macular and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) thickness parameters as measured using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) between primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and normal-tension glaucoma (NTG). Methods A total of 90 subjects were enrolled: 30 healthy subjects, 30 subjects with POAG and 30 subjects with NTG, consecutively. Retinal nerve fiber layer thickness, macular thickness and volume measurements were obtained with circular and radial SD-OCT scans. All parameters were compared between groups using an analysis of variance test. Areas under receiver-operating characteristic (AROC) curves with sensitivities at specificities greater than or equal to 90 per cent were generated to compare discrimination capabilities of various parameters between POAG and NTG. Results Macular thickness and volume measurements were the highest in normal subjects, followed by NTG and POAG (p < 0.05). Average retinal nerve fiber layer thickness had perfect discrimination for normal-POAG (AROC: 1.000; sensitivity: 100 per cent) and near perfect discrimination for normal-NTG (AROC: 0.979; sensitivity: 93 per cent) as well as NTG-POAG pairs (AROC: 0.900; sensitivity: 60 per cent). Inferior outer macular thickness (IOMT) and total volume were the best macular thickness and volume parameters having similar AROCs and sensitivities between normal and POAG (IOMT, AROC: 0.987; sensitivity: 92 per cent and total volume, AROC: 0.997; sensitivity: 97 per cent), normal and NTG (IOMT, AROC: 0.862, sensitivity: 47 per cent and total volume, AROC: 0.898, sensitivity: 67 per cent) and also between NTG and POAG (IOMT, AROC: 0.910, sensitivity: 53 per cent and total volume, AROC: 0.922, sensitivity: 77 per cent). In each comparison group, there was no statistically significant difference in AROCs between average retinal nerve fiber layer and inferior outer macular thickness, as well as total volume. Conclusions The macular parameters offer comparable performance to pRNFL parameters for the discrimination of NTG and POAG. Average retinal nerve fiber layer thickness, total macular volume and inferior outer macular thickness were the best SD-OCT parameters with superior discriminating capabilities

COLLATED UPSHOT OF INDIGENOUS DRUGS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF PARIKARTIKA W.S.R TO FISSURE-IN-ANO

The deleterious dietetic habit and regimes leads to digestive disturbances; which further leads to disturbances in bowel habits. Among these disorders Parikartika is one in which patient experiences unendurable pain during and after defecation, burning sensation etc. due to agony of pain patient avoids to defecate, hence constipated. Fissure-in-ano afflicts both sexes but males suffer posteriorly while females suffer anteriorly. Until now some drugs were tried as an external application to relieve the pain and healing of the ulcer. This study was conducted to find the efficacy Ayurvedic drug over the standard modern drug. The patients attending OPD &amp; IPD of Jammu Institute of Ayurveda and Research College and Hospital, were the source for study. 30 patients were clinically diagnosed as Parikartika were selected randomly and divided into two groups. Group A: Comprised of 15 patients and they were administered internally with Vedanasthapana Kshaya 1 Pala b.d, Erandbhrshta Haritaki at bed time, local application of Karpoora Ghrita 4 times a day and sitz bath with Panchvalakala Kwatha three times a day and before and after the defecation. Group B: Consisted of 15 patients and were administered internally with Ofloxacin, Ornidazole (200+500mg) combination b.d, Diclofenac sodium (50mg) b.d, Sodium picosulfate 1 tsf bedtime, sitz bath with lukewarm water. Duration of treatment was two months. The patients were followed up fortnightly for a period of two months. Both the groups had shown statistically significant changes. The therapy provided significant relief and healing of ulcer in this study. Therefore prescription from Bhaishjya Ratnawali of Karpoora Ghrita and Pachvalkala Kwatha along with Acharya Charak prescription of Vedanasthapana Kshaya and Anubhutta Yoga of Erandbhrshta Haritaki showed good and alternative result for the modern standard prescription

Cataract among Patients with Renal Transplantation in a Tertiary Care Centre: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study

Introduction: Intensive immunosuppressant therapy after renal transplantation has found to cause systemic and ocular side effects among them is cataracts. Studies on a similar topic have still remained explored in our setting. The aim of the study was to find out the prevalence of cataract among patients with renal transplantation in a tertiary care centre. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among patients of renal transplantation at tertiary care centres from 1 May 2021 to 31 October 2021. The data was collected after the ethical approval from Institutional Review Committee [Reference number: 397(6-11) e2077/078]. Study proforma recorded the number of patients with cataracts, duration of steroid use, mean age and other comorbidities. A convenience sampling method was used. Point estimate and 95% Confidence Interval were calculated. Results: Out of 31 renal transplant patients, 10 (32.26%) (15.80-48.72, 95% Confidence Interval) had cataract. Conclusions: The prevalence of cataract among renal transplantation patients was found to be lower than similar studies done in similar settings

Search for electroweak production of charginos and neutralinos in proton-proton collisions at s \sqrt{s} = 13 TeV

A direct search for electroweak production of charginos and neutralinos is presented. Events with three or four leptons, with up to two hadronically decaying τ leptons, or two same-sign light leptons are analyzed. The data sample consists of 137 fb−1 of proton-proton collisions with a center of mass energy of 13 TeV, recorded with the CMS detector at the LHC. The results are interpreted in terms of several simplified models. These represent a broad range of production and decay scenarios for charginos and neutralinos. A parametric neural network is used to target several of the models with large backgrounds. In addition, results using orthogonal search regions are provided for all the models, simplifying alternative theoretical interpretations of the results. Depending on the model hypotheses, charginos and neutralinos with masses up to values between 300 and 1450 GeV are excluded at 95% confidence level

Measurements of Higgs boson production cross sections and couplings in the diphoton decay channel at s \sqrt{\mathrm{s}} = 13 TeV

Measurements of Higgs boson production cross sections and couplings in events where the Higgs boson decays into a pair of photons are reported. Events are selected from a sample of proton-proton collisions at s √ s = 13 TeV collected by the CMS detector at the LHC from 2016 to 2018, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 137 fb−1. Analysis categories enriched in Higgs boson events produced via gluon fusion, vector boson fusion, vector boson associated production, and production associated with top quarks are constructed. The total Higgs boson signal strength, relative to the standard model (SM) prediction, is measured to be 1.12±0.09. Other properties of the Higgs boson are measured, including SM signal strength modifiers, production cross sections, and its couplings to other particles. These include the most precise measurements of gluon fusion and vector boson fusion Higgs boson production in several different kinematic regions, the first measurement of Higgs boson production in association with a top quark pair in five regions of the Higgs boson transverse momentum, and an upper limit on the rate of Higgs boson production in association with a single top quark. All results are found to be in agreement with the SM expectations

Measurements of Higgs boson production cross sections and couplings in the diphoton decay channel at root s=13 TeV

Measurements of Higgs boson production cross sections and couplings in events where the Higgs boson decays into a pair of photons are reported. Events are selected from a sample of proton-proton collisions at root s = 13TeV collected by the CMS detector at the LHC from 2016 to 2018, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 137 fb(-1). Analysis categories enriched in Higgs boson events produced via gluon fusion, vector boson fusion, vector boson associated production, and production associated with top quarks are constructed. The total Higgs boson signal strength, relative to the standard model (SM) prediction, is measured to be 1.12 +/- 0.09. Other properties of the Higgs boson are measured, including SM signal strength modifiers, production cross sections, and its couplings to other particles. These include the most precise measurements of gluon fusion and vector boson fusion Higgs boson production in several different kinematic regions, the first measurement of Higgs boson production in association with a top quark pair in five regions of the Higgs boson transverse momentum, and an upper limit on the rate of Higgs boson production in association with a single top quark. All results are found to be in agreement with the SM expectations.Peer reviewe

Central Corneal Thickness in Nepalese Glaucoma Patients and Glaucoma Suspects

Purpose: To compare central corneal thickness (CCT) among glaucoma patients, glaucoma suspects, and normal subjects and to determine its association with glaucoma severity in Nepalese population.Methods: This study included 400 eyes (149 glaucoma, 157 glaucoma suspects, 94 controls) of 400 participants examined in a glaucoma clinic and eye OPD in Nepal. CCT was measured by ultrasonic pachymetry.Results: CCT was significantly different among the study groups (P = 0.05), with the thinnest CCT in normal tension glaucoma (NTG) and thickest in ocular hypertension (OHT). CCT (in μm) was thinner in NTG (519.6 ± 31.6; P = 0.06) and primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) (524.5 ± 35.8; P = 0.026) than controls (536.6 ± 28.9); and it was thinner in POAG compared to primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG) (541.3 ± 50.5; P = 0.028) and OHT (559.8 ± 28.1; P = 0.017). In NTG, CCT was thinner compared toGlaucoma suspects (GS) (531.6 ± 35.0; P = 0.038), PACG (P = 0.008), and OHT (P = 0.008).There was no correlation between CCT and visual field defect and CCT was not statistically different between early, moderate and severe POAG groups.Conclusions: We report that CCT in glaucoma suspects is similar to normal subjects and POAG, but thicker than NTG. These data will be important in clinically monitoring glaucoma suspects that are at increased risk of glaucoma. Our results may be population specific and further longitudinal studies are warranted to determine influence of CCT on glaucoma progression in this population.</p

Intraeye retinal nerve fiber layer and macular thickness asymmetry measurements for the discrimination of primary open-angle glaucoma and normal tension glaucoma

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic capability of intraeye retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness and macular thickness (MT) asymmetry measurements for the discrimination of normal tension glaucoma (NTG) and primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). Methods: A total of 90 subjects were enrolled including 30 consecutive healthy subjects, 30 consecutive subjects with POAG, and 30 consecutive subjects with NTG. RNFL thicknesses around the optic disc as well as MT measurements were taken with circular and radial SD-OCT scans. Intraeye retinal and MT asymmetry were calculated as the absolute difference between superior and inferior hemispheres of the eye using posterior pole asymmetry analysis protocol. Analysis of variance was used for comparison and areas under the receiver operating characteristic (AROC) were obtained for different parameters among the three diagnostic groups. Results: There was a significant difference in MT asymmetry for all comparison groups (normal-NTG, p < 0.05; normal-POAG, p < 0.001; and NTG-POAG, p < 0.001). Intraeye retinal nerve fiber thickness asymmetry measurements were not different between the groups (normal-NTG, p < 0.187; normal-POAG, p < 0.056; and NTG-POAG, p < 0.837). The area under ROC curves exceeded 0.800 for all the studied parameters, including the MT asymmetry except for intraeye RNFL thickness asymmetry which had the lowest AROC as well as the least sensitivity for identifying subjects with NTG from normal (AROC = 0.626, sensitivity = 30%); POAG from normal (AROC = 0.644, sensitivity = 37%) and NTG from POAG (AROC = 0.533, sensitivity = 13%). Conclusion: The intraeye MT asymmetry holds significant potential as a distinguishing parameter for NTG and POAG