Comparative Study of the Bread and Bakery business in Japan and Thailand: A Guideline in Flour and Controlled Temperature for Thai Bakeries

This research shows that Thai bakeries seem to have lesser product quality than Japanese bakeries and that Flour and Controlled Temperature might be critical factors influencing the quality difference between the two countries. Our objective was to identify the critical elements that make Japanese bakeries more successful, considering that Flour and Controlled Temperature are the “Basic Kitchen Principles” used by professional bakers. We conducted a questionnaire and interviewed 20 Japanese bakeries in Niigata city. We recorded the type of flour and monitored the temperatures (i.e.: temperature loggers in 5 professional premises) that are used by professional bakers, and identified significant positive correlations between flour and techniques. Consequently, the results validated that the influence of temperature in the premises and in particular the choice of a quality flour can significantly affect the quality of bakery products. As an outcome of this research, we have provided a flour and temperature guideline that can be used as inspiration for producing quality bakeries

Synthesis of pH dependent chitosan-EPI hydrogel films and their application forin vitro release of promethazine hydrochloride

Chitosan-epichlorohydrin hydrogel films (ChitEPI) were synthesized by using chitosan in the presence of epichlorohydrin (EPI) as a crosslinking agent at various amounts. SEM, FTIR, TGA, and DSC analysis were conducted for the characterization of the hydrogels. The DSC measurements indicate that ChitEPI hydrogels did not exhibit better thermal stability when compared to chitosan. Swelling behavior of Chitosan-EPI hydrogel film is pH dependent and showed a reversible swelling behavior with a fast response. The hydrogels were used for in vitro release of promethazine hydrochloride (PHCl) in pH = 1.2 and pH = 7.4 phosphate buffer solutions (PBS). The release of PHCl synthesized from hydrogels at pH = 7.4 is quite low while at pH = 1.2, the highest value was observed as 49% for ChitEPI600. It has been also found that PHCl release from ChitEPI thin films is mainly controlled by diffusion control mechanism. ChitEPI hydrogels may be used for the delivery of drug in stomach and gastrointestinal tract. (c) 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc

Investigation on microstructural behavior of styroflex /polyaniline blends by WAXS

Abstract Styroflex/polyaniline (STF/PAni) blends were prepared by two routes namely by in situ and thermo mechanical processing method with various PAni compositions, namely, 0, 15, 30, and 45 wt %. The influence of volume fraction of PAni in the blends and synthetic routes of the STF/PAni blends on the volume resistivity and microcrystalline parameters have been investigated. The microcrystalline parameters such as the nanocrystal size (), lattice disorder (g), interplanar distance (dhkl), width of the crystallite size distribution, surface weighted crystal size (Ds), and crystallite area were evaluated from the wide angle X-ray scattering profiles. The different asymmetric column length distribution functions namely, exponential, reinhold, and lognormal distribution methods were employed to probe the microcrystalline behavior of the STF/PAni blends and the results are compared. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 201

Synthesis, characterization, and hoping transport properties of HCl doped conducting biopolymer-co-polyaniline zwitterion hybrids

A series of electrically conductive zwitterion hybrid materials were facilely synthesized with anionic acacia gum (AG) and cationic HCl doped polyaniline WAND through radical copolymerization method. A representative acacia gum-polyaniline hybrid (AG-PANI) was characterized using UV-vis, FTIR, (1)H NMR, and SEM. HCl doped AG-PANI possesses zwitterion character due to the presence of NH(3)(+) on PANI and -COO(-) of AG. The cyclic voltammogram of AG-PANI showed three anodic peaks at 0.20 V, 0.58 V, and 0.64 V along with two cathodic peaks at 0.50 V and 0.40 V with large capacitive background currents. AG-PANI exhibited electrical conductivity that was found dependent on the ratio of aniline to AG, temperature, and pH. Its electrical conductivity versus temperature plot indicated Mott's nearest-neighbor hopping mechanism at the temperature range 83-323 K. The hybridization of AG and PANI yielded eco-friendly advanced functional materials for technological applications