1,185 research outputs found

    Genograma orientado para a justiça íntima : uma abordagem colaborativa de terapia familiar em contextos de violência íntima

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    Tese de mestrado integrado em Psicologia (Psicologia Clínica da Saúde - Núcleo de Psicologia Clínica Sistémica), apresentada à Universidade de Lisboa através da Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação, 200

    RESPONSABILIDADE CIVIL DO ESTADO: BREVE PANORAMA EVOLUTIVO DO DIREITO BRASILEIRO

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    RESUMO No último século, a responsabilidade civil, antes fundada na culpa do agente, foi paulatinamente se reestruturando desde seus pressupostos até seu alcance. No Brasil, após a Constituição de 1988, todo o ordenamento foi reestruturado e reinterpretado através de seus princípios. Um dos ramos do Direito Civil mais modificado com a absorção dos princípios constitucionais foi o da responsabilidade civil que substituiu a aferição da culpa pela teoria do risco como regra. Nesse diapasão, o Estado também passou a responder pelos atos dos seus agentes, independente da culpa destes e suas ações devem estar sempre lastreadas pelos princípios da legalidade, impessoalidade, moralidade, publicidade e eficiência, dispostos no artigo 37, caput, da Constituição Federal. Ante o exposto, faz-se necessária uma nova postura dos gestores, dos agentes e dos cidadãos. Este artigo visa apresentar uma visão geral da evolução da Responsabilidade Civil do Estado, diante dos anseios sociais e das necessidades advindas com a contemporaneidade, bem como seus pressupostos e excludentes. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Responsabilidade Civil; Administração Pública; Teoria do Risco.  ABSTRACT For the last century, civil responsibility, which before used to be based on the agent’s guilt, little by little has been reorganizing since its premises to its reach. In Brazil, after the 1988’s Constitution, all legal order was reorganized and given new interpretation through its principles. A section of Civil Law that was greatly changed with the vision through constitutional principles was the one of civil responsibility, which changed the measurement of the guilt for the risk theory as a rule. Therefore, the government now also answers for its agent’s acts, no matter if they are guilty, and theirs actions must always be based on the principles of legality, impersonality, morality, publicity and efficiency, as stated in the article 37, caput, of Federal Constitution. That being said, it’s necessary a new behavior from the governors, from the agents, as well as from the citizens. This text intends to show an overview about the evolution of the Government’s Civil Responsibility, before social expectations and needs that come with modern times, its premises and exclusiveness.KEYWORDS: Civil Responsibility; Government; Risk Theory

    Prevalência da infecção pelo vírus da hepatite C em comunidades remanescentes de quilombos no Brasil Central

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    In order to determine the prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in quilombo remnant communities in Central Brazil, 1,007 subjects were interviewed in all 12 communities existing in Mato Grosso do Sul State, Central Brazil. Blood samples were collected and sera were tested for anti-HCV by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Positive samples were retested for confirmation using a line immunoassay and were also subjected to HCV RNA detection. The prevalence of HCV infection was 0.2%. This finding shows a low prevalence of HCV infection in quilombo remnant communities in Central Brazil.Com objetivo de estimar a prevalência da infecção pelo vírus da hepatite C (HCV) em comunidades remanescentes de quilombos no Brasil Central, 1.007 indivíduos foram entrevistados nas 12 comunidades quilombolas existentes no Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil Central. Amostras sanguíneas foram coletadas e os soros testados para anti-HCV pelo ensaio imunoenzimático. As amostras positivas foram testadas pelo ensaio confirmatório "line immunoassay" e também submetidas à detecção do RNA-HCV. A prevalência da infecção pelo HCV foi de 0,2%. Este achado mostra uma baixa prevalência da infecção pelo HCV em comunidades remanescentes de quilombos no Brasil Central

    Liquid-liquid equilibria in aqueous two-phase ethanol/salt systems at different temperatures and their application to anthocyanins extraction

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    Abstract Aqueous two-phase systems (ATPS) are formed by mixtures of chemical species that, under certain conditions, separate into two immiscible phases, with water as the major component in global terms and, at lower concentrations, polymers, salts, ionic liquids and alcohols, depending on the system type. Different parameters influence ATPS equilibrium such as temperature, alcohol carbon chain size, salt type, pH, etc. The present work aimed to obtain the binodal curves for ATPS made up of ethanol, sodium citrate/ammonium sulfate and water at different temperatures (15, 25 and 35 °C) as well as to evaluate the potential of the ethanol/ammonium sulfate system in anthocyanins partition. The results showed that the increase in temperature did not alter the biphasic region in the temperature range investigated, not influencing the formation of phases. Nonlinear equations were satisfactorily fitted to binodal curves data, except for sodium citrate-containing ATPS at 15 °C. Higher concentration of the overall mixture resulted in longer tie-line of ammonium sulphate-containing ATPS. Higher values of partition coefficient and recovery yield of Syzygium cumini fruit anthocyanins were obtained at longer tie-lines

    Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative : an analysis from the conceptions of professionals about their practices

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    RESUMO - Objetivos: Analisar a operacionalização da IHAC no que diz respeito à humanização na promoção do aleitamento materno e ao envolvimento da equipe nas ações relacionadas com a estratégia. Métodos: Pesquisa qualitativa, do tipo estudo de caso, realizada num Hospital Amigo da Criança da rede pública da Paraíba, nordeste do Brasil. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas e encontros de grupos focais com 60 profissionais de saúde de níveis técnico e superior. Em seguida, procedeu-se à análise de conteúdo das narrativas. Resultados: Os profissionais revelaram maior preocupação com o aspecto técnico no incentivo ao aleitamento materno. Foi identificado um distanciamento entre os processos de trabalho desses profissionais e as atividades pró-amamentação desenvolvidas na maternidade, as quais se mostraram predominantemente a cargo do setor de Banco de Leite. Verificou-se também que não há uma apropriação da política de aleitamento materno da instituição, por parte da equipe de saúde, como um instrumento orientador para o desempenho das atividades cotidianas. Conclusões: É necessária a implantação de uma efetiva política de educação permanente e continuada destinada à equipe de saúde da maternidade, que contemple ampla divulgação e discussão com todos os profissionais envolvidos na assistência materno-infantil. Todos estes devem estar preparados para resgatar a prática do aleitamento materno de forma a considerar não somente os aspectos biológicos dessa prática, mas valorizando também questões referentes à humanização.ABSTRACT - Objectives: To analyse the operationalization of the Baby-Friendly Hospital Iniciative (BFHI) as far as the humanization in promoting breastfeeding and staff involvement in activities related to its stragey is concerned. Methods: A case study, qualitative research, was conducted in a Baby-Friendly Hospital from the public system of Paraiba, northeastern Brazil. Semi-structured interviews and meetings with focus groups were conducted featuring 60 technical and top level professionals. This process was followed by the content analysis of the narratives. Results: Professionals showed greater concern with the technical aspects of encouraging breastfeeding. A gap between the work processes between these professionals and the pro- -breastfeeding activities developed in maternity units was identified, which appeared to be predominantly in charge of the milk bank sector. It was also found that there is no appropriation of breastfeeding policy of the institution, by the health team, as a guiding tool to carry out daily activities. Conclusions: It is necessary to implement an effective policy of lifelong learning and education directed to the maternity health care team that contemplates a wide dissemination and discussion with all professionals involved in maternal and infant care, so they can be prepared to rescue the breastfeeding practice considering not only the biological aspects of this practice, but also valuing issues related to humanization.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

    Microbiological quality of raw fish based food products / Qualidade microbiológica de produto alimentícío à base de peixe cru

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    Sashimi is a food product widely produced in traditional Japanese restaurants. It has a high risk of microbial contamination because it comes from raw fish and due the lack of training in Good Handling Practices in most establishments that produce this kind of food. The objective of this work was to evaluate the microbiological quality of salmon-based sashimi produced and marketed in traditional Japanese restaurants in Vitória da Conquista – Bahia, Brazil. This is a quantitative, laboratory and explanatory study. PetrifimTM (3M) dishes were used to evaluate twelve samples of sashimi obtained from four restaurants. The microorganisms analyzed were: total coliforms, thermotolerant (Escherichia coli), Salmonella sp. and Staphylococcus aureus. The results indicated the presence of visible colonies of total coliforms in 10 of the analyzed samples. It was detectable the growth of bacterial colonies of Staphylococcus aureus only in samples A1 and D3. For Escherichia coli and Salmonella sp. there was no visible growth of colonies in the samples evaluated. In view of the results found, detection of bacterial contamination at considerable levels was observed. It is noteworthy that, even if it is within the values recommended by Brazilian legislation, the presence of such microorganisms may be related to the lack of hygiene in the place and/or the manipulator, poor conservation of fish and the lack of good handling practices

    Whole grain bread preserved with lemon juice: a comparative study / Pão integral conservado com suco de limão: um estudo comparativo

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    The use of natural substances for the replacement of chemicals in food conservation is a global trend. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of lemon juice on wholemeal bread conservation and determine shelf time. This is a quantitative, laboratory and explanatory study in which three formulas of the dough with the same composition of ingredients were tested. One formula had the addition of lemon juice at the concentration of 1.75%; other with industrial antifungal at 1.0%; and the last formula without any addition. Analysis of fibers, humidity, pH and titratable acidity were performed. Shelf life for all formulations was evaluated by the visual method until the formation of mold colonies for 5 days. The samples showed similarity in the variation in humidity level (32.4 to 37.9) in relation to time, having a reduction at the first moment and then in the increase of F1 and F2, and F3 remained constant. The  fiber content of the formulations showed a discrepancy between the contents of the evaluated times. The pH of the three formulas was within the desirable range of 4.0 to 7.0 ensuring good quality for the product according to the technical pattern of baking. The acidity variation between formulas followed a common pattern. Shelf life was similar for formulas containing lemon juice and antifungal solution, however the formula without any addition had the shortest shelf time, confirming the efficiency of lemon in the conservation of wholemeal bread.

    Ultrasonographic Diagnosis of Ileal Intussusception in Calf

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    Background: Intussusception, characterized by invagination of an intestinal segment into the lumen of the adjacent segment, is one of the main causes of intestinal obstruction in cattle, and occurs more frequently in calves. The diagnosis of the disease is based on the history, clinical examination, and complementary exams, which are a challenge in this species, especially in calves, in which transrectal palpation is limited. As it is a non-invasive, effective, and low-cost test, ultrasonography could be an important tool in the diagnosis of intestinal obstructions, in which time is essential for the prognosis. Therefore, the objective was to report a case of intussusception in a calf diagnosed by ultrasound.Case: A 4-month-old calf, weaned at 3 months and raised intensively, was treated at the Clínica de Bovinos de Garanhuns, campus of the Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (CBG/UFRPE), with a history of apathy, anorexia, and dyschezia for 3 days. On physical examination, fever, moderate dehydration, tachycardia, tachypnea with polypnea, bilaterally bulging abdomen, sound of fluid on ballottement, ruminal and intestinal hypomotility, and melena were observed. The hematological findings revealed leukocytosis due to neutrophilia (degenerate neutrophils), hypoproteinemia, and hyperfibrinogenemia. The analysis of the ruminal fluid showed compromised microbiota and increased chloride content. The transabdominal ultrasonography demonstrated, in the right ventral region, hypermotile and full small bowel loops and an increase in the volume of the peritoneal fluid. In addition, there was a segment of the small intestine which, in cross-section, showed multiple concentric rings (“onion rings”, “target pattern”, or “bull’s eye”) and adherence to adjacent loops, compatible with intestinal obstruction due to intussusception. Due to the seriousness of the clinical condition and the ultrasound findings, the animal was euthanized and the necropsy revealed focal fibrinous peritonitis and intestinal obstruction due to intussusception in ileum intestinal segments.Discussion: Intussusception has previously been reported in calves, however this is the first report of ultrasound diagnosis of the disease in Brazil. Although the etiology is rarely confirmed, the age group and recent changes in diet (weaning) were predisposing factors. The history, clinical signs, and laboratory tests were similar to those described in cattle with intussusception, however they may be present in other gastrointestinal illnesses. Other authors have also reported that the nonspecificity of the signs and the impossibility of performing transrectal palpation made it difficult to diagnose intestinal obstruction in calves without the use of other diagnostic tools. As it is a non-invasive and accurate technique, ultrasound has been used in ruminants for diagnostic purposes, including intestinal obstructions. In the present case, the main findings are described as the presence of a lesion with the appearance of multiple concentric rings, hypermotile, dilated, and full intestinal loops. The pathological findings were compatible with the ultrasound images and similar to those described by other authors, confirming the diagnosis. The use of ultrasonography as a diagnostic tool in cattle should be expanded, aiming at the early determination of diagnosis and prognosis, to reduce producer costs and animal discomfort. In cases of intussusception, late diagnosis makes treatment unfeasible

    Influência de um ano académico atípico nos níveis de atividade física de alunos de Fisioterapia do 1º ano

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    Introdução: Portugal é um dos países da União Europeia com menor taxa de Atividade Física (AF), com apenas 40% da população ativa. Durante o período universitário, ocorre uma coincidência de aumento da autonomia e tomada de decisão dos alunos e mudanças de hábitos de vida, geralmente associadas à diminuição da prática de AF. Em termos percentuais, 30% dos estudantes universitários são considerados fisicamente inativos. São poucos os estudos sobre os níveis de AF em alunos do ensino superior, nomeadamente no curso de Fisioterapia, e menos ainda que relacionem esta temática com as medidas de contenção impostas, devido à pandemia do COVID-19. Objetivo: Descrição e comparação dos níveis de AF dos alunos matriculados no 1.º ano do Curso de Fisioterapia, no ano letivo 2019/2020. Entender se há diferenças na prática de AF, em diferentes épocas do ano letivo, uma delas é o período de lockdown. Métodos: os dados foram recolhidos por meio do “Questionário Internacional de Atividade Física” (IPAQ). Foi dividido em 3 momentos (período letivo sem avaliações, período de exames e lockdown), sendo um estudo longitudinal. Resultados: Os estudantes de fisioterapia parecem ser ativos quanto ao parâmetro de frequência de AF. Com o lockdown, houve aumento do nível de AF em 20% dos alunos em relação ao período letivo sem avaliações, com 14,3% sendo elevado para nível alto de AF. Destaca-se a grande percentagem de alunos (42,9%) que mantêm nível alto de AF. Houve diferença significativa do 1º para o 2º momento, no nível do IPAQ, com diminuição da AF (p = 0,03) no período de exames. Discussão: No período de exames, embora a carga horária seja menor, parece ter havido uma diminuição dos níveis de AF. No lockdown presume-se que os aspetos foram retirados, o que em uma situação normal comprometeria a prática da AF, levando a melhores resultados em algumas das variáveis. O lockdown não parece ter tido um impacto negativo na AF. Conclusão: O objetivo deste estudo foi alcançado, estabelecendo um ponto de partida para a avaliação dos níveis de AF, em estudantes universitários, no período do COVID-19. Como a amostra é composta por futuros profissionais de saúde, é importante que eles sejam os primeiros a adotar um estilo de vida ativo, promovendo-o assim.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

    Utilização de Discos Policristalinos de Fluorita Natural para Medidas Termoluminescentes de Exposição à Radiação Ultravioleta (RUV) / Use of Polycrystalline Pellets of Natural Fluorite for Thermoluminescent Measures of Exposure to Ultraviolet Radiation (UV)

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    O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a resposta TL da fluorita natural (CaF2) exposta a radiação ultravioleta (RUV). Para isso, fragmentos de um cristal natural de fluorita foram moídos e peneirados em cinco faixas de tamanho classificadas entre 38 e 475 ?m. O efeito do tamanho dos grãos na resposta TL da fluorita foi investigado usando alíquotas de cada faixa de tamanho exposta à luz do Sol e também a luz proveniente de uma lâmpada fluorescente comum. Os resultados mostraram que o sinal TL integrado na região entre 225 °C e 375 °C cresce com o aumento dos grãos de 38 para 300 ?m expostos à luz do Sol. Por outro lado, o sinal TL cresce com o aumento dos grãos de 38 para 150 ?m, quando os grãos são expostos à luz de uma lâmpada fluorescente. Para obter discos policristalinos com diâmetro de 6 mm, a fluorita particulada na faixa 75x150 ?m foi compactada com Teflon na proporção de 1:1. A sensibilidade e a linearidade da resposta TL dos discos de fluorita expostos à radiação UVA (390 nm) e UVB (300 nm) se mostraram adequadas para um futuro uso destes discos como dosímetro TL das radiações ultravioletas.
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