Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome

The sequence of the human genome encodes the genetic instructions for human physiology, as well as rich information about human evolution. In 2001, the International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium reported a draft sequence of the euchromatic portion of the human genome. Since then, the international collaboration has worked to convert this draft into a genome sequence with high accuracy and nearly complete coverage. Here, we report the result of this finishing process. The current genome sequence (Build 35) contains 2.85 billion nucleotides interrupted by only 341 gaps. It covers ∼99% of the euchromatic genome and is accurate to an error rate of ∼1 event per 100,000 bases. Many of the remaining euchromatic gaps are associated with segmental duplications and will require focused work with new methods. The near-complete sequence, the first for a vertebrate, greatly improves the precision of biological analyses of the human genome including studies of gene number, birth and death. Notably, the human enome seems to encode only 20,000-25,000 protein-coding genes. The genome sequence reported here should serve as a firm foundation for biomedical research in the decades ahead

Synthesis and Characterization of Cu(II) and Pb(II) Complexes of trimethoxycarbonyl thiourea ligands

The thiourea derivatives of 2-(3-(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoyl)thioureido)propanoic acid and 3-(3-(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoyl)thioureido)propanoic acid and their Cu(II) and Pb(II) complexes have been successfully synthesized. The structures of the ligands were determined using FTIR, UV, 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The FTIR spectra showed significant stretching vibration of the ligands and complexes that supported the structure. The n → π* transition were shown for ligands and π → π* transition were observed for complexes. The structures for complexes were square planar and the ligands were coordinated to the metal through the carboxylate group and amide

On oscillations in coupled dynamical systems

The paper deals with the problem of destabilization of diffusively coupled identical systems. It is shown that the globally asymptotically stable systems being diffusively coupled may exhibit an oscillatory behavior. It is shown that if the diffusive medium consists of hyperbolically nonminimum phase systems and the diffusive factors exceed some threshold value the origin of the overall system undergoes a Poincaré-Andronov-Hopfbifurcation resulting in oscillatory behavior