1′-Methyl-2-oxo-5′-phenyl­spiro­[indoline-3,3′-pyrrolidine]-4′,4′-dicarbo­nitrile

The title spiro-compound, C20H16N4O, crystallizes with four independent mol­ecules in the asymmetric unit. In all of them, the oxindole unit is planar, the r.m.s. deviations ranging from 0.07 to 0.08 Å, while the pyrrolinyl ring adopts an envelope conformation (with the N atom representing the flap). In the crystal, adjacent mol­ecules are linked by N—H⋯N and N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds

Subconjunctival Myolipoma Confirmed with Immunohistochemical Analysis: A Case Report

Purpose: To report the clinicopathological features of a rare case of subconjunctival myolipoma and its treatment results.Case Report: A 17-year-old female patient referred to our center with a white-pink mass in her left upper bulbar conjunctiva. The lesion extended to the forniceal conjunctiva. The patient had otherwise normal complete ocular examinations and underwent complete surgical excision of the mass due to cosmetic concerns. The tumor was examined with light–microscopy, following hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), Masson-trichrome, and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining.A definite diagnosis of subconjunctival myolipoma was acheived following the pathological assessment. Six months postoperatively, no tumor recurrence was noted, and ocular examinations were within normal limits

Investigation of metabonomics technique by analyze of NMR data, which method is better? Mean center or auto scale?

The factors such as disease can disrupt homeostasis, resulting in perturbations of endogenous biochemicals that are involved in key metabolic profiles. Metabonomics is useful technique to quantitative description of endogenous metabolites present in a biological sample such as urine, plasma and tissue. High resolution 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabonomics is a technique used to analyze and interpret multivariate metabolic data that correlate with changes of physiological conditions. Before any explanation for metabolite data, preprocessing the spectroscopic data is essential. In this paper, we show scaling effects in metabonomics investigation of patients diagnosed with Crohn's and Celiac disease. two techniques of scaling were applied as follows: mean centering and auto scaling. Results reveal that the mean centering is more useful to segregate patients from healthy subjects in the data set of Crohn's and Celiac disease

Prevalence of resistance to colistin, tigecycline and minocycline in Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from clinical samples in 2014

Background: Colonization rate of Acinetobacter baumannii is increasing in hospitalized patients especially in long term hospitalized one and / or who were treat with extended spectrum antibiotics or anticancer. Antibiotic resistance in A. baumannii is considerable because more prevalence of them cause nosocomial infections and can impose high cost to health systems and patients. The aim of this study was determination of tigecycline, minocycline and colistin resistance A. baumannii in selected center in Tehran, Iran. Materials and Methods: This study was descriptive and functional foundation. In this study A. baumannii were collected from Milad, Mofid, Taleghani, Motahari and Loghman hospital, Tehran and transferred to laboratory of pediatric infections research center. Collected bacteria were identified by conventional microbiology tests. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was determined according to CLSI guide line. Tigecycline, minocycline and colistin resistance strains were isolated.  Results: In this study, 105 A. baumannii were collected from five selected hospitals: 48 (46%) from Milad, 33 (31%) from Motahari, 17 (16%) from Loghman, 4 (4%) from Mofid and 3 (3%) from Taleghani hospital. The highest resistance was observed against cefepime and high frequency of carbapenem and minocycline was observed. On the other hand, observed resistance to aminoglycosides was 93% at least. Tigecycline is the most effective antibiotic after colistin. Colistin resistant confirmed just in one isolate by E. test. Conclusion: The results of this study indicated that high rate of antibiotic resistance in A. baumannii even resistant to third and fourth generation of cephalosporin and carbapenem antibiotics. The treatment of MDR strains of A. baumannii become more complicated if the spread of them were not been controlled

A nationwide study of metabolic syndrome prevalence in Iran; A comparative analysis of six definitions

Introduction To integrate and execute a proper preventive plan and reduce the risk of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), policy makers need to have access to both reliable data and a unique definition of metabolic syndrome (MetS). This study was conducted on the data collected by cross-sectional studies of WHO's STEPwise approach to surveillance of NCD risk factors (STEPs) to estimate the national and sub-national prevalence rates of MetS in Iran in 2016. Materials and methods The prevalence of MetS was estimated among 18,414 individuals aged ≥25 years living in urban and rural areas of Iran using various definition criteria; National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III 2004 (ATP III), International Diabetes Federation (IDF), American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (AHA/NHLBI), Joint Interim Statement (JIS). Regional IDF (RIDF) and JIS (RJIS) were defined using ethnicityspecific values of waist circumference for the country. Results National prevalence rate of MetS based on ATP III, IDF, AHA/NHLBI, JIS, RIDF and RJIS criteria were 38.3% (95% CI 37.4-39.1), 43.5% (42.7-44.4), 40.9% (40.1-41.8), 47.6% (46.8-48.5), 32.0% (31.2-32.9), and 40.8% (40.0-41.7), respectively. The prevalence was higher among females, in urban residents, and those aged 65-69 years. MetS was expected to affect about 18.7, 21.3, 20.0, 23.3, 15.7, and 20.0 million Iranians, respectively, based on ATP III, IDF, AHA/NHLBI, JIS, RIDF and RJIS. The two most common components noted in this population were reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels and central obesity. Conclusion High prevalence rate of MetS among Iranian adults is alarming, especially among females, urban residents, and the elderly. The JIS definition criteria is more appropriate to determine higher number of Iranians at risk of NCDs. Proper management and prevention of MetS is required to adopt multiple national plans including lifestyle modifications, medical interventions, and public education on NCDs risk factors

Catalytic applications of waste derived materials

Sustainability has become a watchword and guiding principle for modern society, and with it a growing appreciation that anthropogenic 'waste', in all its manifold forms, can offer a valuable source of energy, construction materials, chemicals and high value functional products. In the context of chemical transformations, waste materials not only provide alternative renewable feedstocks, but also a resource from which to create catalysts. Such waste-derived heterogeneous catalysts serve to improve the overall energy and atom-efficiency of existing and novel chemical processes. This review outlines key chemical transformations for which waste-derived heterogeneous catalysts have been developed, spanning biomass conversion to environmental remediation, and their benefits and disadvantages relative to conventional catalytic technologies

The global burden of cancer attributable to risk factors, 2010-19 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Background Understanding the magnitude of cancer burden attributable to potentially modifiable risk factors is crucial for development of effective prevention and mitigation strategies. We analysed results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 to inform cancer control planning efforts globally. Methods The GBD 2019 comparative risk assessment framework was used to estimate cancer burden attributable to behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risk factors. A total of 82 risk-outcome pairs were included on the basis of the World Cancer Research Fund criteria. Estimated cancer deaths and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) in 2019 and change in these measures between 2010 and 2019 are presented. Findings Globally, in 2019, the risk factors included in this analysis accounted for 4.45 million (95% uncertainty interval 4.01-4.94) deaths and 105 million (95.0-116) DALYs for both sexes combined, representing 44.4% (41.3-48.4) of all cancer deaths and 42.0% (39.1-45.6) of all DALYs. There were 2.88 million (2.60-3.18) risk-attributable cancer deaths in males (50.6% [47.8-54.1] of all male cancer deaths) and 1.58 million (1.36-1.84) risk-attributable cancer deaths in females (36.3% [32.5-41.3] of all female cancer deaths). The leading risk factors at the most detailed level globally for risk-attributable cancer deaths and DALYs in 2019 for both sexes combined were smoking, followed by alcohol use and high BMI. Risk-attributable cancer burden varied by world region and Socio-demographic Index (SDI), with smoking, unsafe sex, and alcohol use being the three leading risk factors for risk-attributable cancer DALYs in low SDI locations in 2019, whereas DALYs in high SDI locations mirrored the top three global risk factor rankings. From 2010 to 2019, global risk-attributable cancer deaths increased by 20.4% (12.6-28.4) and DALYs by 16.8% (8.8-25.0), with the greatest percentage increase in metabolic risks (34.7% [27.9-42.8] and 33.3% [25.8-42.0]). Interpretation The leading risk factors contributing to global cancer burden in 2019 were behavioural, whereas metabolic risk factors saw the largest increases between 2010 and 2019. Reducing exposure to these modifiable risk factors would decrease cancer mortality and DALY rates worldwide, and policies should be tailored appropriately to local cancer risk factor burden. Copyright (C) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license.Peer reviewe