Molecular mechanisms of cell death: recommendations of the Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death 2018.

Over the past decade, the Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death (NCCD) has formulated guidelines for the definition and interpretation of cell death from morphological, biochemical, and functional perspectives. Since the field continues to expand and novel mechanisms that orchestrate multiple cell death pathways are unveiled, we propose an updated classification of cell death subroutines focusing on mechanistic and essential (as opposed to correlative and dispensable) aspects of the process. As we provide molecularly oriented definitions of terms including intrinsic apoptosis, extrinsic apoptosis, mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT)-driven necrosis, necroptosis, ferroptosis, pyroptosis, parthanatos, entotic cell death, NETotic cell death, lysosome-dependent cell death, autophagy-dependent cell death, immunogenic cell death, cellular senescence, and mitotic catastrophe, we discuss the utility of neologisms that refer to highly specialized instances of these processes. The mission of the NCCD is to provide a widely accepted nomenclature on cell death in support of the continued development of the field

Small family firms and strategies coping the economic crisis. The influence of socio-emotional wealth

In this chapter, the socio-emotional wealth perspective is used to understand how, during phases of economic recession, a company\u2019s family nature can influence its decision-making processes and the implementation of an ambidextrous strategy, as well as its effectiveness. A qualitative analysis based on a case study is presented in this chapter. The analyzed case involves an Italian family-owned small business that faced the recent economic crisis adopting a mix of defensive and offensive strategies. Thanks to this balanced \u2013 ambidextrous \u2013 strategy, the company was able to limit the impact of the crisis and then to recover positive profit margins. This study makes a contribution to the extant literature by shedding light on how the aim of preserving the socio-emotional wealth can influence small family firms\u2019 ability to adopt ambidextrous strategies in order to face an economic recessio