Contos gauchescos pelo sertão : a personagem no regionalismo

Este trabalho analisa a composição literária das personagens em contos regionalistas da passagem do século XIX para o XX, no âmbito da Literatura Brasileira. Para tanto, além do conjunto de contos selecionados e das obras em que são publicados, analisamos as concepções apresentadas em Os Sertões, de Euclides da Cunha; assim como a maneira como são representadas no texto, a fim de bem compreender – partindo de obra prestigiada e reconhecida de imediato, quando da publicação – sob quais parâmetros se estabelecem as visões correntes sobre a constituição étnica do povo brasileiro (especialmente daquele contingente vivente nos sertões), tal como compreendido no período pelos pensadores envolvidos no debate público sobre o tema, conforme a exposição e tematização realizadas. Este trabalho ocupa-se, pois, da representação das personagens nesses contos representativos do gênero, pressupondo que sejam feitos com, entre outros fins, o de compreender um coletivo humano particular, inserindo-se em um debate que era público e pujante. Debruando-se, afinal, àquele povo, notadamente oriundo de uma parte peculiar do território nacional, caracterizada por ser interiorana, de meio natural inalterado pala ação humana, ou rural; de qualquer maneira, de baixa concentração populacional e parco investimento humano em infraestrutura.This work analyze the literary construction of characters in regionalist short stories (literary genre from Brazilian Literature) from turn of the Nineteenth century to Twenty century. For this, in addition to the set of selected short stories and the works in which they are published, we analyze the concepts presented in Os Sertões by Euclides da Cunha (translated by Samuel Putnam as Rebellion in the Backlands and retranslated, as Backlands The Canudos, by Elizabeth Lowe); as well as the way they are represented in the text, in order to understand well - starting from a prestigious work and recognized immediately, when the publication - under which parameters are established the current views on the ethnic constitution of the Brazilian people (especially of that contingent living in the backlands), as understood in the period by the thinkers involved in the public debate on the subject, according to the exposition and thematization carried out. This work, therefore, deals with the representation of the characters in these tales, representative of the genre, assuming that they are done with, among other purposes, the understanding of a particular human collective, entering into a debate that was public and vigorous. After all, turning to that people, notably coming from a peculiar part of the national territory, characterized by being interior, natural environment unchanged human action, or rural; In any case, of low population concentration and little human investment in infrastructure

Perspectives for integrating human and environmental risk assessment and synergies with socio-economic analysis

International audienceFor more than a decade, the integration of human and environmental risk assessment (RA) has become an attractive vision. At the same time, existing European regulations of chemical substances such as REACH (EC Regulation No. 1907/2006), the Plant Protection Products Regulation (EC regulation 1107/2009) and Biocide Regulation (EC Regulation 528/2012) continue to ask for sector-specific RAs, each of which have their individual information requirements regarding exposure and hazard data, and also use different methodologies for the ultimate risk quantification. In response to this difference between the vision for integration and the current scientific and regulatory practice, the present paper outlines five medium-term opportunities for integrating human and environmental RA, followed by detailed discussions of the associated major components and their state of the art. Current hazard assessment approaches are analyzed in terms of data availability and quality, and covering non-test tools, the integrated testing strategy (ITS) approach, the adverse outcome pathway (AOP) concept, methods for assessing uncertainty, and the issue of explicitly treating mixture toxicity. With respect to exposure, opportunities for integrating exposure assessment are discussed, taking into account the uncertainty, standardization and validation of exposure modeling as well as the availability of exposure data. A further focus is on ways to complement RA by a socio-economic assessment (SEA) in order to better inform about risk management options. In this way, the present analysis, developed as part of the EU FP7 project HEROIC, may contribute to paving the way for integrating, where useful and possible, human and environmental RA in a manner suitable for its coupling with SEA

Low-dose hydrocortisone reduces norepinephrine duration in severe burn patients: a randomized clinical trial

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to assess the effect of low-dose corticosteroid therapy in reducing shock duration after severe burn. METHODS: A placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized clinical trial (RCT) was performed on two parallel groups in the burn intensive care unit (ICU). Patients were randomized to receive either low-dose corticosteroid therapy or placebo for seven days. A corticotropin test was performed at the time of randomization, before the administration of the treatment dose. Thirty-two severely burned patients with refractory shock (>0.5 μg/kg/min of norepinephrine) were prospectively included in the study. RESULTS: We included 12 patients in the hydrocortisone-treated group and 15 patients in the placebo group in the final analysis. Among these patients, 21 were nonresponders to the corticotropin test. Median norepinephrine treatment duration (primary objective) was significantly lower in the corticosteroid-treated versus the placebo group (57 hours versus 120 hours, P = 0.035). The number of patients without norepinephrine 72 hours after inclusion was significantly lower in the treated group (P = 0.003, log-rank test analysis). The total quantities of norepinephrine administered to patients were lower in the hydrocortisone-treated versus the placebo group (1,205 μg/kg (1,079 to 2,167) versus 1,971 μg/kg (1,535 to 3,893), P = 0.067). There was no difference in terms of ICU or hospital length of stay, sepsis incidence, cicatrization or mortality. CONCLUSIONS: In this placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blind clinical trial, we show for the first time that the administration of low-dose hydrocortisone in burn patients with severe shock reduces vasopressor administration. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinicaltrial.gov NCT00149123. Registered 6 September 2005. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13054-015-0740-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users

Ocean circulation in the Toarcian (Early Jurassic), a key control on deoxygenation and carbon burial on the European Shelf

The Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event (T-OAE, ∼183 My) was a long-lasting episode of ocean deoxygenation during the Early Jurassic. The event is related to a period of global warming and characterized by major perturbations to the hydrological and carbon cycles with high rates of organic matter burial in shelf seas. Ocean circulation during the Toarcian and its influence on marine biogeochemical cycles are still not fully understood. Here,we assess the spatial extent of anoxia in the NW Tethys Ocean during the T-OAE, the relationship with ocean circulation and the impact on organic carbon burial, using new and existing sedimentary records from the European Epicontinental Shelf (EES) in combination with general circulation model results. We demonstrate that bottom waters on the southwestern part of the shelf were mainly oxic during the T-OAE, while those in the northeastern basins were mostly anoxic or even sulfidic. Results for two ocean-atmosphere models (FOAM and MITgcm) suggest the presence of a strong clockwise gyre over the EES, which brought oxygenated equatorial waters from the Tethys Ocean to the southern shelf. The northward limb of the gyre was significantly weakened due to the rough bathymetry of the northern shelf, making this relative small region highly sensitive to local ocean stratification. These sluggish ocean dynamics promoted bottom water anoxia and enhanced burial of organic carbon in the northeastern basins, which accounted for 3–5% of the total carbon extracted from the ocean-atmosphere system as recorded by the positive carbon isotope shift

Vers un système de management des connaissances : étude et caractérisation dans le cadre d'une étude en entreprise à structure décentralisée

Nowadays, trying to differentiate from competitors, companies have to create new values, generated by their own capacity to manage knowledge. Companies are able to organize their knowledge flow using complex Knowledge Management Systems. The delivered research aims at caracterizing this kind of system using systemic approach. Our demand was based on the construction of a knowledge management system "analysing table" created on: an ontological definition, founded on three elements (organization, community and information system); a functionnal one, based on the five faces described by Michel Grundstein (identify, preserve, acutalize, valorize and manage); and finally a genetic one, supported by knowledge management system success factors, developped by Agnes Lancini.This analysing table was deployed in Vallourec Group, world seamless steel tubes leader, and two knowledge management systems were implemented and observed.Afin de mieux se différencier vis à vis de la concurrence, l'entreprise doit aujourd'hui développer une nouvelle forme de valeur, liée à sa capacité à mettre en action ses connaissances. Les systèmes de management des connaissances sont des systèmes complexes qui permettent à l'entreprise d'organiser ses flux de compétences. La recherche que nous avons entreprise se destine à caractériser ces systèmes par l'utilisation de l'analyse systémique. Notre démarche s'est fondée sur la mise en place d'une grille de lecture de ces systèmes autour : d'une définition ontologique, autour de trois éléments (organisation, communauté, système d'information) ; d'une définition fonctionnelle, fondée sur les cinq facettes décrites par Michel Grundstein (repérer, préserver, actualiser, valoriser et manager) ; d'une définition génétique, appuyée sur les facteurs déterminants de succès des systèmes de management des connaissances développés par Agnès Lancini.Cette grille de lecture a été déployée auprès du Groupe Vallourec, leader mondial du tube sans soudure, et a permis l'implantation de deux systèmes de management des connaissances et leur observation

Contos gauchescos pelo sertão : a personagem no regionalismo

Este trabalho analisa a composição literária das personagens em contos regionalistas da passagem do século XIX para o XX, no âmbito da Literatura Brasileira. Para tanto, além do conjunto de contos selecionados e das obras em que são publicados, analisamos as concepções apresentadas em Os Sertões, de Euclides da Cunha; assim como a maneira como são representadas no texto, a fim de bem compreender – partindo de obra prestigiada e reconhecida de imediato, quando da publicação – sob quais parâmetros se estabelecem as visões correntes sobre a constituição étnica do povo brasileiro (especialmente daquele contingente vivente nos sertões), tal como compreendido no período pelos pensadores envolvidos no debate público sobre o tema, conforme a exposição e tematização realizadas. Este trabalho ocupa-se, pois, da representação das personagens nesses contos representativos do gênero, pressupondo que sejam feitos com, entre outros fins, o de compreender um coletivo humano particular, inserindo-se em um debate que era público e pujante. Debruando-se, afinal, àquele povo, notadamente oriundo de uma parte peculiar do território nacional, caracterizada por ser interiorana, de meio natural inalterado pala ação humana, ou rural; de qualquer maneira, de baixa concentração populacional e parco investimento humano em infraestrutura.This work analyze the literary construction of characters in regionalist short stories (literary genre from Brazilian Literature) from turn of the Nineteenth century to Twenty century. For this, in addition to the set of selected short stories and the works in which they are published, we analyze the concepts presented in Os Sertões by Euclides da Cunha (translated by Samuel Putnam as Rebellion in the Backlands and retranslated, as Backlands The Canudos, by Elizabeth Lowe); as well as the way they are represented in the text, in order to understand well - starting from a prestigious work and recognized immediately, when the publication - under which parameters are established the current views on the ethnic constitution of the Brazilian people (especially of that contingent living in the backlands), as understood in the period by the thinkers involved in the public debate on the subject, according to the exposition and thematization carried out. This work, therefore, deals with the representation of the characters in these tales, representative of the genre, assuming that they are done with, among other purposes, the understanding of a particular human collective, entering into a debate that was public and vigorous. After all, turning to that people, notably coming from a peculiar part of the national territory, characterized by being interior, natural environment unchanged human action, or rural; In any case, of low population concentration and little human investment in infrastructure