The geology and mineralogy of copper lead, Zinc sulphide veins from Bulancak, Turkey

The Bulancak Cu-Pb-Zn sulphide veins are the best representatives of their type among the varied deposits of the Eastern Pontus Ore Province. Kuroko, vein, stockvjork, prophyry-type copper, skarn-type iron and manganese deposits with subduction related volcanicity have been described from this province by various authors. Petrographic study of the Country rocks, despite their hydrothermal alteration, shows that they are mainly calc-alkaline. Volcanicity took place from Upper (possibly Lower) Cretaceous to Miocene as indicated by intrusives dated at 25 million years. Ore microscopy studies have proved the first occurrence (in Turkey) of Betekhtinite (Cu, Fe)(_21)Pb(_2)S(_15) and Aikinite (PbCuBiS(_3))-Bismithinitre(Bi(_2)S(_3) solid solution minerals. Idaite is reported for the first time from the study area. Field and Laboratory work have shown the structural control of Mn, Fe and Cd distribution in sphalerites. Mn follows a NW-SE trending zone from Kusdere to Kasyatak whereas Fc-Cd distribution follows a SW-NE trending zone between Kovalik Sr. and Kuloglu along Kűçűkgűre Dere (stream), reflecting the dependance on the two major fracture systems in the area. Data based on a study of more than 2500 primary and secondary fluid inclusions in transparent ore and ganque minerals is given, including measurements on the temperature, pressure, density and salinity. The inclusions were moderately saline, salinity varying within the range 13.2 equivalent wf.% NaCl to almost fresh water indicated by a 3 density change from 0.74gm/cm(^3) in the early vein stage to 0.98 at the end of the base metal sulphide stage. These variations way reflect the mixture of deeply circulating meteoric waters with rising, saline, hydrothermal fluids. Homogenization temperatures ranged from ca. 340 C to 80 C. Inclusions in neighbouring early formed quart2 and sphalerite minerals from the same vein show a temperature rise from ca. 230 to 330 C in the early vein stage, and eventually boiling conditions were reached. At a later stage the fluids cooled from 330 C to ca. 80 C. in the base metal stage. The highest temperatures were obtained from the Tekmezar Group Veins, in comparison to the DarikBy Group Veins, indicating a horizontal temperature zoning in which the Bi-content of the aikinitebismuthinite solid solution minerals increases from West (Saridiken Dere) to east (Kornali Dere). Data obtained from isotherms indicates that the ore-bearing fluids rose along NW-SE trending faults. This explains the concentration of veins around the Selmanoglu, Gonurca Dere, and Uzllinltik Dere Faults. Simple cooling of the solutions, pressure fluctuations, density and replacement processes played major roles in the formation of these veins. Fluid inclusion studies combined with geological data, are considered to be useful parameters in mineral exploration to pinpoint the richest part of an orebody. Metal transport and the thermal history of vein mineralisation are discussed in the light of fluid inclusion data

Wind Speed Analysis Using Signal Processing Technique

In this study, wind energy, the formation of this energy, and the necessary stages for the production of electrical energy will be discussed. Then, the countries’ investments in wind energy will be mentioned. In the mathematical background, statistical methods and signal processing methods are used in the calculation of wind energy efficiency. In this chapter, a detailed analysis of the use of wind speed data with signal processing techniques will be made using the hourly wind speed data of Istanbul for the last 10 years. This data will be analyzed by the Fourier method. Afterward, analyses will be made with short-time Fourier transform (STFT) and bi-spectrum analysis method, and these results will be compared. The data obtained from the study can be considered as a framework for the wind farms to be constructed

Ocular surface epithelia contain ABCG2-dependent side population cells exhibiting features associated with stem cells.

When cell populations are incubated with the DNA-binding dye Hoechst 33342 and subjected to flow cytometry analysis for Hoechst 33342 emissions, active efflux of the dye by the ABCG2/BCRP1 transporter causes certain cells to appear as a segregated cohort, known as a side population (SP). Stem cells from several tissues have been shown to possess the SP phenotype. As the lack of specific surface markers has hindered the isolation and subsequent biochemical characterization of epithelial stem cells this study sought to determine the existence of SP cells and expression of ABCG2 in the epithelia of the ocular surface and evaluate whether such SP cells had features associated with epithelial stem cells. Human and rabbit limbal-corneal and conjunctival epithelial cells were incubated with Hoechst 33342, and analyzed and sorted by flow cytometry. Sorted cells were subjected to several tests to determine whether the isolated SP cells displayed features consistent with the stem cell phenotype. Side populations amounting to \u3c1% of total cells, which were sensitive to the ABCG2-inhibitor fumitremorgin C, were found in the conjunctival and limbal epithelia, but were absent from the stem cell-free corneal epithelium. Immunohistochemistry was used to establish the spatial expression pattern of ABCG2. The antigen was detected in clusters of conjunctival and limbal epithelia basal cells but was not present in the corneal epithelium. SP cells were characterized by extremely low light side scattering and contained a high percentage of cells that: showed slow cycling prior to tissue collection; exhibited an initial delay in proliferation after culturing; and displayed clonogenic capacity and resistance to phorbol-induced differentiation; all features that are consistent with a stem cell phenotype

Stationary State Solutions of a Bond Diluted Kinetic Ising Model: An Effective-Field Theory Analysis

We have examined the stationary state solutions of a bond diluted kinetic Ising model under a time dependent oscillating magnetic field within the effective-field theory (EFT) for a honeycomb lattice $(q=3)$. Time evolution of the system has been modeled with a formalism of master equation. The effects of the bond dilution, as well as the frequency $(\omega)$ and amplitude $(h/J)$ of the external field on the dynamic phase diagrams have been discussed in detail. We have found that the system exhibits the first order phase transition with a dynamic tricritical point (DTCP) at low temperature and high amplitude regions, in contrast to the previously published results for the pure case \cite{Ling}. Bond dilution process on the kinetic Ising model gives rise to a number of interesting and unusual phenomena such as reentrant phenomena and has a tendency to destruct the first-order transitions and the DTCP. Moreover, we have investigated the variation of the bond percolation threshold as functions of the amplitude and frequency of the oscillating field.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figure

Clinical results of carotid artery stenting versus carotid endarterectomy

Objective: To review our results of carotid artery stenting (CAS) and carotid endarterectomy (CEA). Methods: We evaluated the medical records of patients undergoing carotid artery revascularization procedure, between 2001 and 2013 in Baskent University Hospital, Ankara, Turkey. Carotid artery stenting or CEA procedures were performed in patients with asymptomatic carotid stenosis (=70%) or symptomatic stenosis (=50%). Demographic data, procedural details, and clinical outcomes were recorded. Primary outcome measures were in 30-day stroke/transient ischemic attacks (TIA)/amaurosis fugax or death. Secondary outcome measures were nerve injury, bleeding complications, length of stay in hospital, stroke, restenosis (ICA patency), and all-cause death during long-term follow-up. Results: One hundred ninety-four CEA and 115 CAS procedures were performed for symptomatic and/or asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis. There is no significant differences 30-day mortality and neurologic morbidity between CAS (13%) and CEA procedures (7.7%). Length of stay in hospital were significantly longer in CEA group (p=0.001). In the post-procedural follow up, only in symptomatic patients, restenosis rate was higher in the CEA group (p=.045). The other endpoints did not differ significantly. Conclusions: Endovascular stent treatment of carotid artery atherosclerotic disease is an alternative for vascular surgery, especially for patients that are high risk for standard CEA. The increasing experience, development of cerebral protection systems and new treatment protocols increases CAS feasibility

Detection of Epileptic Seizure Using STFT and Statistical Analysis

In this study, EEG data from two volunteer individuals, a healthy individual and a patient with epilepsy, were investigated with two different methods in order to distinguish healthy and patient individuals from each other. The data were obtained from a healthy individual and from a patient with epilepsy at the time of epileptic seizure and of seizure-free interval. The data are those of which validity and reliability were proven and were supplied from the data bank records of University Hospital of Bonn in Germany. In the study, the statistical parameters of the collected data were calculated, then the same data were analysed using short-time Fourier transform (STFT) method, and then they were compared. Both statistical parameter results and spectrum analysis results are compatible with each other, and they can successfully detect healthy individuals and epileptic patients at the time of epileptic seizure and seizure-free interval. In this sense, the results were mathematically highly compatible, which offers significant information for the diagnosis of the disease. In the analysis, the variance values were determined as 253.203 for the healthy individual, 806.939 for the patient at seizure-free interval and 6985.755 for that patient at the time of seizure. Accordingly, standard deviation can be said to be quite distinctive in the designation of values. The frequencies of all three cases resulted in 0, 0–5 and 0–20 Hz, respectively, as a result of conducted STFT analysis, which is quite consistent with the results of the statistical analysis parameters

Embedded Commissioning for Building Design

Building Commissioning has a broad scope that extends to all phases of building delivery. We view commissioning as a building delivery embedded process that persistently verifies and validates design intent throughout the building lifecycle process. In the building lifecycle approach, buildings are considered to have cradle-to-grave life spans. They are modeled through a variety of different developmental phases. In this research project, we intend to build the necessary theory and tools to support the embedded commissioning process as a co-function of building lifecycle

The XMM Cluster Survey: the interplay between the brightest cluster galaxy and the intracluster medium via AGN feedback

Using a sample of 123 X‐ray clusters and groups drawn from the XMM Cluster Survey first data release, we investigate the interplay between the brightest cluster galaxy (BCG), its black hole and the intracluster/group medium (ICM). It appears that for groups and clusters with a BCG likely to host significant active galactic nuclei (AGN) feedback, gas cooling dominates in those with T X > 2 keV while AGN feedback dominates below. This may be understood through the subunity exponent found in the scaling relation we derive between the BCG mass and cluster mass over the halo mass range 10 13 < M 500 < 10 15  M ⊙ and the lack of correlation between radio luminosity and cluster mass, such that BCG AGN in groups can have relatively more energetic influence on the ICM. The L X – T X relation for systems with the most massive BCGs, or those with BCGs co‐located with the peak of the ICM emission, is steeper than that for those with the least massive and most offset, which instead follows self‐similarity. This is evidence that a combination of central gas cooling and powerful, well fuelled AGN causes the departure of the ICM from pure gravitational heating, with the steepened relation crossing self‐similarity at T X = 2 keV. Importantly, regardless of their black hole mass, BCGs are more likely to host radio‐loud AGN if they are in a massive cluster ( T X ≳ 2 keV) and again co‐located with an effective fuel supply of dense, cooling gas. This demonstrates that the most massive black holes appear to know more about their host cluster than they do about their host galaxy. The results lead us to propose a physically motivated, empirical definition of ‘cluster’ and ‘group’, delineated at 2 keV.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/91324/1/j.1365-2966.2012.20764.x.pd