Makna Hidup Bagi Narapidana

Menjalani kehidupan sebagai seorang narapidana merupakan suatu bentuk kehidupan yang syarat akan penderitaan. Seorang yang mengalami krisis akan makna dalam kehidupannya, narapidana belum bisa menerima keadaan yang dihadapi, masih mengalami Shock mental, merasa tidak berdaya, bersalah, menyalahkan hidup, berpandangan negatif terhadap masa depan, dan tidak mampu menggali arti dalam hidupnya. Ketika harus menjalani pidana di LP, mereka merasa terkekang karena jauh dari cinta kasih orang-orang terdekatnya. Dalam situasi krisis seperti itu, keberadaan agama yakni pelatihan dzikir sangat penting adanya. Pelatihan Dzikir dapat menjadi resource bagi kebermaknaan hidup pada diri narapidana. Setting penelitian ini di LP (Lembaga Pemasyarakatan) Wirogunan Kelas IIA Yogyakarta. Desainnya penelitiannya kuantitatif melalui eksperimen. Sebanyak 48 narapidana dari 318 orang terpilih sebagai sampel melalui purposive sampling. Kebermaknaan hidup diidentifikasi sebagai variabel terikat, sedangkan pelatihan dzikir sebagai variabel bebas. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan skala model likert, yaitu skala kebermaknaan hidup disusun berdasarkan konsep kebermaknaan hidup dari Viktor Emile Frankl. Observasi dan wawancara digunakan sebagai pendukung, ditambah dengan angket evaluasi pelatihan dzikir dan lembar catatan harian dzikir. Hasilnya ternyata; (1) pelatihan dzikir belum mampu meningkatkan kebermaknaan hidup warga binaan, hal initerlihat dari nilai t yang hanya mencapa -0,934, dengan taraf signifikansi lebih besar dari 0.05, yakni 0,355. Maka dari itu Ha ditolak. Artinya, tidak ada perbedaan kebermaknaan hidup antara hasil pre test dan post tes. (2) Tidak ada perbedaan kebermaknaan hidup antara warga binaan laki-laki dan perempuan setelah pelatihan dzikir dibuktikan bahwa nilai rata-rata kebermaknaan hidup warga binaan laki-laki adalah 68,5 sedangkan perempuan adalah 66,833. Diketahui bahwa nilai t dengan asumsi kedua sampel memiliki varian yang sama yakni 0,789, dengan P (sig) = 0,434. Karena P (sig) 0,355 > 0,05, maka Ha ditolak. Meskipun hipotesis penelitian secara kuantitatif tidak terbukti secara signifikan bukan berarti hasil penelitianmenolak teori bahwa dzikir tidak berpengaruh terhadap kebermaknaan hidup. Hal ini diketahui melalui hasil wawancara, observasi dan angket evaluasi pelatihan dzikir serta lembar catatan harian dzikir. Ternyata pelatihan dzikir mampu meningkatkan kebermaknaan hidup narapidana atau warga binaan laki-laki maupun perempuan

Perancangan Konstruksi Turbin Angin Diatas Hybrid Energi Gelombang Laut

Turbin angin adalah kincir angin yang digunakan untuk membangkitkan tenaga listrik. Prinsip dasar kerjanya yaitu mengubah energi mekanis dari angin menjadi energi putar, lalu putaran kincir digunakan untuk memutar generator, yang akhirnya akan menghasilkan listrik. Turbin angin yang dirancang yaitu diatas floating. Maka diperlukan perancangan konstruksi turbin angin dengan dipilih tipe Vertical Axis Wind Turbine dengan blade yang sudah ada di pasaran dengan merk ‘Richuan\u27. Dengan spesifikasi power 5 KW, dimensi blade (4x0,6) m, jumlah blade 5, tinggi tower 8 m, diameter rotor 2,5 m, kecepatan laju angin 10 m / s, kecepatan angin beroperasi 3-25 m / s, dan 100 rpm. Kemudian konstruksi turbin angin akan digambarkan menggunakan software Solidworks dengan pembuat pemodelan terlebih dahulu. Model yang sudah dibuat kemudian di simulasikan untuk mendapatkan hasil analisa. Beban eksternal untuk di input sebesar 655 N dan 1300 N. Dari hasil simulasi dan analisa turbin angin diperoleh hasil untuk stress von mises sebesar 10,583,224.00 N / m2, displacement sebesar 7.781 mm, strain maksimal yaitu sebesar 3.84126, dan safety factor minimal yaitu sebesar 23.62. Dapat disimpulkan perancangan konstruksi turbin angin ini aman untuk pembebanan yang sudah ditentuka

Telomerase Immortalization of Human Corneal Endothelial Cells Yields Functional Hexagonal Monolayers

Human corneal endothelial cells (HCEnCs) form a monolayer of hexagonal cells whose main function is to maintain corneal clarity by regulating corneal hydration. HCEnCs are derived from neural crest and are arrested in the post-mitotic state. Thus cell loss due to aging or corneal endothelial disorders leads to corneal edema and blindness–the leading indication for corneal transplantation. Here we show the existence of morphologically distinct subpopulations of HCEnCs that are interspersed among primary cells and exhibit enhanced self-renewal competence and lack of phenotypic signs of cellular senescence. Colonies of these uniform and hexagonal HCEnCs (HCEnC-21) were selectively isolated and demonstrated high proliferative potential that was dependent on endogenous upregulation of telomerase and cyclin D/CDK4. Further transduction of HCEnC-21 with telomerase yielded a highly proliferative corneal endothelial cell line (HCEnT-21T) that was devoid of oncogenic transformation and retained critical corneal endothelial cell characteristics and functionality. This study will significantly impact the fields of corneal cell biology and regenerative medicine

The Effect of Layer Orientation on the Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of a Polymer

Rapid Prototyping (RP) is a method used everywhere from the entertainment industry to healthcare. Layer orientation is an important aspect of the final product. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of layer orientation on the mechanical strength and toughness of a polymer. The polymer used was a combination of two materials, ZP 130 and ZB 58, fused together in the Z Corporation Spectrum Z510 Rapid Prototyping Machine. ZP 130 is a powder composed of vinyl polymer (2-20%), sulfate salt (0-5%), and plaster that contains \u3c 1% crystalline silica (50-95%). ZB 58 is a liquid composed of glycerol (1-10%), preservative (sorbic acid salt) (0-2%), surfactant (\u3c 1%), pigment (\u3c 1%), and water (85-95%). After removal from the machine the samples were sealed with Z bond 101 which is Beta-methoxyethyl cyanoacrylate (60-100%). The layer orientations studied were the crack arrestor, crack divider, and short transverse with various combinations of the three, for a total of seven orientations. The mechanical strength was evaluated using tensile testing and three-point bend testing. The toughness was evaluated by Izod impact testing. Five samples for tensile testing and three-point bend testing as well as 15 samples for the Izod impact test for each of the seven orientations were made. The total number of samples was 175. The crack arrestor orientation was the strongest main orientation for the tensile and three-point bend test. Weibull analysis was done on the Izod impact testing due to high variation in the results for the crack arrestor and short transverse directions. It was found that the layer orientation and surface roughness played a significant role in the penetration of the Z bond 101 coating and in the overall strength of the samples

Reach and adoption of a Geriatric Emergency Department Accreditation program in the United States

STUDY OBJECTIVE: The objectives of this study were to describe the reach and adoption of Geriatric Emergency Department Accreditation (GEDA) program and care processes instituted at accredited geriatric emergency departments (EDs). METHODS: We analyzed a cross-section of a cohort of US EDs that received GEDA from May 2018 to March 2021. We obtained data from the American College of Emergency Physicians and publicly available sources. Data included GEDA level, geographic location, urban/rural designation, and care processes instituted. Frequencies and proportions and median and interquartile ranges were used to summarize categorical and continuous data, respectively. RESULTS: Over the study period, 225 US geriatric ED accreditations were issued and included in our analysis-14 Level 1, 21 Level 2, and 190 Level 3 geriatric EDs; 5 geriatric EDs reapplied and received higher-level accreditation after initial accreditation at a lower level. Only 9 geriatric EDs were in rural regions. There was significant heterogeneity in protocols enacted at geriatric EDs; minimizing urinary catheter use and fall prevention were the most common. CONCLUSION: There has been rapid growth in geriatric EDs, driven by Level 3 accreditation. Most geriatric EDs are in urban areas, indicating the potential need for expansion beyond these areas. Future research evaluating the impact of GEDA on health care utilization and patient-oriented outcomes is needed

Laporan Praktek Kerja Lapangan (PKL) di Kelurahan Ujung Kecamatan Semampir Kota Surabaya

Kegiatan yang dilakukan selama Praktik Kerja Lapangan (PKL) diawali dengan identifikasi masalah dengan pengumpulan data primer dan sekunder, penentuan prioritas masalah dengan metode USG (Urgency, Seriousness, and Growth), penentuan akar penyebab masalah dengan pohon masalah yang didapatkan dari metode Fishbone Diagrams dengan Brainstorming, penentuan alternatif solusi melalui Brainstorming bersama Ketua RW 9, Ketua RT 01-10, Kader 1-4, 2 anggota Karang Taruna, tokoh agama dan tokoh masyarakat yang kemudian dilakukan penyusunan rencana program intervensi, implementasi program intervensi kemudian monitoring dan evaluasi. Adapun populasi dalam Kegiatan PKL kelompok III adalah masyarakat di wilayah RT 01-10 RW 9 Kelurahan Ujung, Kecamatan Semampir Surabaya dengan cakupan 130 KK dari total populasi 778 KK. Pelaksanaan PKL dilakukan dari tanggal 2 Januari 2018 hingga 10 Februari 2018, yaitu selama 35 hari. Dari pengumpulan dan analisis data yang telah dilakukan didapatkan masalah kesehatan berupa ASI Eksklusif, penggunaan air bersih, Pemberantasan Sarang Nyamuk (PSN), merokok, rodent dan vektor, gizi (penyajian makanan), aktifitas fisik, flu, hipertensi, ventilasi, pembuangan limbah padat dan limbah cair. Dari berbagai masalah kesehatan tersebut dilakukan prioritas masalah dan didapatkan prioritas masalah berupa masalah pembuangan limbah padat dan limbah cair, rodent dan vector serta Pemberantasan Sarang Nyamuk (PSN) yang mana saling berkaitan dan dirumuskan menjadi satu masalah yakni rendahnya sanitasi lingkungan. Masalah sampah di lingkungan RW 9 meliputi 23,2% warga memiliki tempat sampah akan tetapi tidak kedap air dan tidak tertutup yang menyebabkan munculnya vektor dan rodent. Masyarakt juga membuang limbah cair yang dilairkan ke selokan terbuka sebesar 44,9%. Sebanyak 68,8% vektor dan rodent seperti tikus dan kecoa bersarang dirumah. Masalah lain seperti ABJ <95% yang hanya mencapai 71%. Masalah yang telah menjadi prioritas dicari akar penyebab masalahnya dan didapatkan akar penyebab masalah berupa kurangnya kesadaran dan pengetahuan warga dalam membuang limbah padat dan cair serta pemberantasan vektor dan rodent. Kemudian dilanjutkan dengan penentuan alternatif solusi yang terdiri dari 2 program, yakni program Gerakan Ujung Peduli Lingkungan (GULING) dan Jumantik Junior (JUMANJI). Program GULING sendiri terdiri dari 3 kegiatan, yaitu kegiatan Buka Wawasan Lingkungan (BUWASLU), kegiatan Supertrap Vector Rodent (SUPERTRAP VERO) dan kegiatan Sharing Ilmu bersama Karang Taruna Songo (SIMAK SONGO) dengan sasaran Karang Taruna di wilayah RW 9 Kelurahan Ujung. Kegiatan Sosialisasi materi tentang PSN (SOSIS MANTEP) menjadi bagian dari program JUMANJI dengan sasaran anak SD Al-Ghozali di wilayah RW 9 Kelurahan Ujung. Berdasarkan evaluasi program tersebut kegitan yang mencapai indikator keberhasilan yaitu SUPERTRAP VERO, SIMAK SONGO, SOSIS MANTEP sedangakan untuk BUWASLU tidak berhasil dikarenakan indikator nilai postest tidak tercapai

Readiness for Delivering Digital Health at Scale: Lessons From a Longitudinal Qualitative Evaluation of a National Digital Health Innovation Program in the United Kingdom

Background: Digital health has the potential to support care delivery for chronic illness. Despite positive evidence from localized implementations, new technologies have proven slow to become accepted, integrated, and routinized at scale.Objective: The aim of our study was to examine barriers and facilitators to implementation of digital health at scale through the evaluation of a £37m national digital health program: ‟Delivering Assisted Living Lifestyles at Scale” (dallas) from 2012-2015.Methods: The study was a longitudinal qualitative, multi-stakeholder, implementation study. The methods included interviews (n=125) with key implementers, focus groups with consumers and patients (n=7), project meetings (n=12), field work or observation in the communities (n=16), health professional survey responses (n=48), and cross program documentary evidence on implementation (n=215). We used a sociological theory called normalization process theory (NPT) and a longitudinal (3 years) qualitative framework analysis approach. This work did not study a single intervention or population. Instead, we evaluated the processes (of designing and delivering digital health), and our outcomes were the identified barriers and facilitators to delivering and mainstreaming services and products within the mixed sector digital health ecosystem.Results: We identified three main levels of issues influencing readiness for digital health: macro (market, infrastructure, policy), meso (organizational), and micro (professional or public). Factors hindering implementation included: lack of information technology (IT) infrastructure, uncertainty around information governance, lack of incentives to prioritize interoperability, lack of precedence on accountability within the commercial sector, and a market perceived as difficult to navigate. Factors enabling implementation were: clinical endorsement, champions who promoted digital health, and public and professional willingness.Conclusions: Although there is receptiveness to digital health, barriers to mainstreaming remain. Our findings suggest greater investment in national and local infrastructure, implementation of guidelines for the safe and transparent use and assessment of digital health, incentivization of interoperability, and investment in upskilling of professionals and the public would help support the normalization of digital health. These findings will enable researchers, health care practitioners, and policy makers to understand the current landscape and the actions required in order to prepare the market and accelerate uptake, and use of digital health and wellness services in context and at scale

Estimating Exposome Score for Schizophrenia Using Predictive Modeling Approach in Two Independent Samples: The Results From the EUGEI Study

Exposures constitute a dense network of the environment: exposome. Here, we argue for embracing the exposome paradigm to investigate the sum of nongenetic "risk" and show how predictive modeling approaches can be used to construct an exposome score (ES; an aggregated score of exposures) for schizophrenia. The training dataset consisted of patients with schizophrenia and controls, whereas the independent validation dataset consisted of patients, their unaffected siblings, and controls. Binary exposures were cannabis use, hearing impairment, winter birth, bullying, and emotional, physical, and sexual abuse along with physical and emotional neglect. We applied logistic regression (LR), Gaussian Naive Bayes (GNB), the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), and Ridge penalized classification models to the training dataset. ESs, the sum of weighted exposures based on coefficients from each model, were calculated in the validation dataset. In addition, we estimated ES based on meta-analyses and a simple sum score of exposures. Accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, area under the receiver operating characteristic, and Nagelkerke's R2 were compared. The ESMeta-analyses performed the worst, whereas the sum score and the ESGNB were worse than the ESLR that performed similar to the ESLASSO and ESRIDGE. The ESLR distinguished patients from controls (odds ratio [OR] = 1.94, P < .001), patients from siblings (OR = 1.58, P < .001), and siblings from controls (OR = 1.21, P = .001). An increase in ESLR was associated with a gradient increase of schizophrenia risk. In reference to the remaining fractions, the ESLR at top 30%, 20%, and 10% of the control distribution yielded ORs of 3.72, 3.74, and 4.77, respectively. Our findings demonstrate that predictive modeling approaches can be harnessed to evaluate the exposome

White Noise Speech Illusions: A Trait-Dependent Risk Marker for Psychotic Disorder?

Introduction: White noise speech illusions index liability for psychotic disorder in case-control comparisons. In the current study, we examined i) the rate of white noise speech illusions in siblings of patients with psychotic disorder and ii) to what degree this rate would be contingent on exposure to known environmental risk factors (childhood adversity and recent life events) and level of known endophenotypic dimensions of psychotic disorder [psychotic experiences assessed with the Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences (CAPE) scale and cognitive ability]. Methods: The white noise task was used as an experimental paradigm to elicit and measure speech illusions in 1,014 patients with psychotic disorders, 1,157 siblings, and 1,507 healthy participants. We examined associations between speech illusions and increasing familial risk (control -> sibling -> patient), modeled as both a linear and a categorical effect, and associations between speech illusions and level of childhood adversities and life events as well as with CAPE scores and cognitive ability scores. Results: While a positive association was found between white noise speech illusions across hypothesized increasing levels of familial risk (controls -> siblings -> patients) [odds ratio (OR) linear 1.11, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02-1.21, p = 0.019], there was no evidence for a categorical association with sibling status (OR 0.93, 95% CI 0.79-1.09, p = 0.360). The association between speech illusions and linear familial risk was greater if scores on the CAPE positive scale were higher (p interaction = 0.003; ORlow CAPE positive scale 0.96, 95% CI 0.85-1.07; ORhigh CAPE positive scale 1.26, 95% CI 1.09-1.46); cognitive ability was lower (p interaction < 0.001; ORhigh cognitive ability 0.94, 95% CI 0.84-1.05; ORlow cognitive ability 1.43, 95% CI 1.23-1.68); and exposure to childhood adversity was higher (p interaction < 0.001; ORlow adversity 0.92, 95% CI 0.82-1.04; ORhigh adversity 1.31, 95% CI 1.13-1.52). A similar, although less marked, pattern was seen for categorical patient-control and sibling-control comparisons. Exposure to recent life events did not modify the association between white noise and familial risk (p interaction = 0.232). Conclusion: The association between white noise speech illusions and familial risk is contingent on additional evidence of endophenotypic expression and of exposure to childhood adversity. Therefore, speech illusions may represent a trait-dependent risk marker

Examining the independent and joint effects of genomic and exposomic liabilities for schizophrenia across the psychosis spectrum

Psychosis spectrum disorder has a complex pathoetiology characterised by interacting environmental and genetic vulnerabilities. The present study aims to investigate the role of gene-environment interaction using aggregate scores of genetic (polygenic risk score for schizophrenia (PRS-SCZ)) and environment liability for schizophrenia (exposome score for schizophrenia (ES-SCZ)) across the psychosis continuum