Gender Discriminatory Practices in Organisations – Need for Social Work Intervention – A Conceptual Study

Gender inequality has been a historic worldwide phenomenon, a patriarchal invention based on gender assumptions, rooted in culture and gender norms, which promotes subordination and exploitation of woman. This shameful practice of discrimination against women is prevalent everywhere in the world and more so in Indian society. The real enemies behind gender stereotypes are ignorance, intolerance, and stagnant societies that resist change. Presence of gender disparities has been evidenced by many Global as well as national Indexes. According to UNDP’s Gender Inequality Index-2014, India ranks at 127out of 152 countries in the list, just above Afghanistan as far as SAARC countries are concerned.Woman faces discrimination at both home and workplace. Gender discrimination at workplace is an issue of serious concern, as it leads to gender segregation in the workplace in terms of benefits, hours, leave, wages, opportunities and promotions, etc.According to India’s National Sample Survey, the proportion of working women in urban areas has increased from 11.9% in 2001 to 15.4% in 2011. But even in this, the fastest growing proportion is that of domestic housework. In The distribution of worker by Occupations and Gender in India 2011-12 survey, it was noticed that while 9.15% men were working in the positions of directors and chief executives, only 5.08% women were involved in the same.Achieving gender equality is important for workplaces not only because it is 'fair' and 'the right thing to do', but because it is also linked to a country's overall economic and social progress. This study aims at understanding the gender discrimination which exists at different levels and in different kinds at workplaces and conceptualizing effective social work intervention techniques and ideas to decrease the intensity of the problem.

EVALUATION OF ANTICANCER POTENTIAL OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF ALANGIUM SALVIFOLIUM LEAVES IN ANIMAL MODELS

Objective: The present study aims to evaluate the anticancer potential of ethanolic extract of Alangium salvifolium leaves (EASL) against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) in animal model. Methods: The ethanolic extract of A. salvifolium was prepared by continuous method using Soxhlet apparatus. Phytochemical analysis of EASL was conducted. Anticancer activity of the extract was evaluated by EAC model in Swiss albino mice. EASL was administered at the doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight once a day orally for 14 days, after 24 h of tumor inoculation. Results: A. salvifolium leaves extract treatment produced significant decrease in tumor volume and body weight, and increase in total and non-viable cell count, along with elevated life span of EAC-bearing mice. The EASL exhibited potent dose-dependent antitumor activity. Further, the altered hematological parameters such as red blood cells, hemoglobin, and white blood cells levels as well as biochemical parameters such as serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, albumin, and total protein levels in EAC mice were significantly (p<0.05) regained following treatment with EASL. The anticancer potential of EASL can be attributed to the presence of phenols and flavonoids. Conclusion: Results suggest that EASL possesses significant anticancer activity against EAC tumor-bearing Swiss albino mice

Disposing of Duplicate Data with Dynamic PoS for Multi User Environment

Dynamic Proof of Storage (PoS) is a profitable custom that empowers a customer to see the respectability of outsourced reports and invigorate the records in a cloud server with an extraordinarily compelling way. Despite the likelihood that a couple of agents have formed unmistakable dynamic PoS in unit customer circumstances, however the inconvenience in multi-customer conditions has not been asked inside and out. A shrewd multi-customer appropriated capacity structure needs the ensured client side cross-customer deduplication framework, that gives a customer to avoid the exchanging strategy and getting the responsibility for records now, once resulting proprietors of a similar archives have exchanged them to the cloud server. To minimal complex of our data, no other present dynamic PoS will support this system. In this paper, we are talented to exhibit the possibility of deduplicatable dynamic check of limit related propose a saving improvement suggested as DeyPoS, to recognize dynamic PoS and secure cross-customer duplication, meanwhile. Considering the troubles of structure contrasts and individual name period, we tend to abuse an exceptional instrument insinuated as Homomorphic Authenticated Tree (HAT). We have a tendency to show the protection of our advancement

EVALUATION OF ANTICONVULSANT ACTIVITY OF MIMOSA PUDICA ROOT LINN IN SWISS ALBINO MICE

Objective: To evaluate the anticonvulsant activity of ethanolic extract of Mimosa pudica root (EMPR) in experimental mice models.Methods: Ethanolic extract of root parts of Mimosa pudica (EMPR) was prepared by a continuous method using soxhlet apparatus. EMPR in doses of 1000, 2000 mg/kg body wt along with valproate were administrated to albino mice by oral route and anti-epileptic activity was assessed by maximal electroshock (MES) and pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) induced seizure models. Abolition of tonic hind limb extension phase and an increase in seizure latency period, when compared to control group, were taken as a measure of protection in MES and PTZ induced convulsion models respectively.Results: EMPR in the dose of 1000 and 2000 mg/kg body wt of mice showed significant anti-epileptic property in both MES and PTZ induced seizure models. There was a significant abolition of tonic hind limb extension phase in MES model. There was also a significant increase in seizure latency period in PTZ induced seizure model.Conclusion: Results suggest that ethanolic extract of Mimosa pudica roots possess significant anti-epileptic activity. Further investigations are required to determine its active constituents and also its antiepileptic mechanism of action

Inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibition by 1400W limits pain hypersensitivity in a neuropathic pain rat model

Peripheral neuropathic pain (PNP), resulting from injury to or dysfunction of a peripheral nerve, is a major health problem that affects 7–8% of the population. It is inadequately controlled by current drugs and is characterized by pain hypersensitivity, which is believed to be attributable to sensitization of peripheral and CNS neurons by various inflammatory mediators. Here we examined, in a rat model of PNP: (i) whether reducing levels of nitric oxide (NO) with 1400W, a highly selective inhibitor of inducible NO synthase (iNOS), would prevent or attenuate pain hypersensitivity; and (ii) the effects of 1400W on plasma concentrations of several cytokines that are secreted after iNOS upregulation during chronic pain states. The L5 spinal nerve axotomy (SNA) model of PNP was used, and 1400W (20 mg kg−1) was administered i.p . at 8 h intervals for 3 days starting at 18 h post‐SNA. Changes in plasma concentrations of 12 cytokines in SNA rats treated with 1400W were examined using multiplex enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. The SNA rats developed behavioural signs of mechanical and heat hypersensitivity. Compared with the vehicle/control, 1400W significantly: (i) limited development of mechanical hypersensitivity at 66 h post‐SNA and of heat hypersensitivity at 42 h and at several time points tested thereafter; and (ii) increased the plasma concentrations of interleukin (IL)‐1α, IL‐1β and IL‐10 in the SNA rats. The findings suggest that 1400W might exert its analgesic effects by reducing iNOS and altering the balance between the pro‐inflammatory (IL‐1β and IL‐1α) and anti‐inflammatory (IL‐10) cytokines and that therapies targeting NO or its enzymes might be effective for the treatment of PNP

Safety of Levetiracetam in paediatrics: a systematic review

Objective To identify adverse events (AEs) associated with Levetiracetam (LEV) in children. Methods Databases EMBASE (1974-February 2015) and Medline (1946-February 2015) were searched for articles in which paediatric patients (≤18 years) received LEV treatment for epilepsy. All studies with reports on safety were included. Studies involving adults, mixed age population (i.e. children and adults) in which the paediatric subpopulation was not sufficiently described, were excluded. A meta-analysis of the RCTs was carried out and association between the commonly reported AEs or treatment discontinuation and the type of regimen (polytherapy or monotherapy) was determined using Chi2 analysis. Results Sixty seven articles involving 3,174 paediatric patients were identified. A total of 1,913 AEs were reported across studies. The most common AEs were behavioural problems and somnolence, which accounted for 10.9% and 8.4% of all AEs in prospective studies. 21 prospective studies involving 1120 children stated the number of children experiencing AEs. 47% of these children experienced AEs. Significantly more children experienced AEs with polytherapy (64%) than monotherapy (22%) (p<0.001). Levetiracetam was discontinued in 4.5% of all children on polytherapy and 0.9% on monotherapy (p<0.001), the majority were due to behavioural problems. Conclusion Behavioural problems and somnolence were the most prevalent adverse events to LEV and the most common causes of treatment discontinuation. Children on polytherapy have a greater risk of adverse events than those receiving monotherapy

Outcomes of obstructed abdominal wall hernia: results from the UK national small bowel obstruction audit

Background: Abdominal wall hernia is a common surgical condition. Patients may present in an emergency with bowel obstruction, incarceration or strangulation. Small bowel obstruction (SBO) is a serious surgical condition associated with significant morbidity. The aim of this study was to describe current management and outcomes of patients with obstructed hernia in the UK as identified in the National Audit of Small Bowel Obstruction (NASBO). Methods: NASBO collated data on adults treated for SBO at 131 UK hospitals between January and March 2017. Those with obstruction due to abdominal wall hernia were included in this study. Demographics, co-morbidity, imaging, operative treatment, and in-hospital outcomes were recorded. Modelling for factors associated with mortality and complications was undertaken using Cox proportional hazards and multivariable regression modelling. Results: NASBO included 2341 patients, of whom 415 (17·7 per cent) had SBO due to hernia. Surgery was performed in 312 (75·2 per cent) of the 415 patients; small bowel resection was required in 198 (63·5 per cent) of these operations. Non-operative management was reported in 35 (54 per cent) of 65 patients with a parastomal hernia and in 34 (32·1 per cent) of 106 patients with an incisional hernia. The in-hospital mortality rate was 9·4 per cent (39 of 415), and was highest in patients with a groin hernia (11·1 per cent, 17 of 153). Complications were common, including lower respiratory tract infection in 16·3 per cent of patients with a groin hernia. Increased age was associated with an increased risk of death (hazard ratio 1·05, 95 per cent c.i. 1·01 to 1·10; P = 0·009) and complications (odds ratio 1·05, 95 per cent c.i. 1·02 to 1·09; P = 0·001). Conclusion: NASBO has highlighted poor outcomes for patients with SBO due to hernia, highlighting the need for quality improvement initiatives in this group