Epistemología y política en el discurso pedagógico

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Influencia de la inteligencia emocional en la autoeficacia para el liderazgo

Muchas investigaciones se han centrado en analizar y estudiar los beneficios que la inteligencia emocional podría aportar en temas de capacitación y desarrollo de personal. El objetivo de este estudio es comparar las relaciones que existen entre la inteligencia emocional rasgo de los líderes con algunos procesos emocionales; y cómo éstos procesos influyen en otras variables como la autoeficacia para el liderazgo y el desempeño. La muestra fue de 176 estudiantes de Psicología. Cada uno de ellos fue asignado aleatoriamente a los roles de líder y de seguidor, y fueron distribuidos para conformar equipos. El procedimiento de la investigación se desarrolló a lo largo de tres fases. Los resultados del estudio mostraron que la inteligencia emocional rasgo de los líderes influyó significativamente en la autoeficacia para el liderazgo y también predijo el desempeño final del equipo, aunque en este último caso su influencia es parcial. Esta investigación tiene importantes repercusiones para avanzar en la comprensión de las emociones en el lugar de trabajo.Many researches have focused on analyzing and studying the benefits of emotional intelligence could provide in training and staff development issues. The aim of this study is to compare the relationship between trait emotional intelligence of leaders with some emotional processes and how these processes affect other variables such as leadership self-efficacy, self-efficacy and collective effectiveness of a team. The sample comprised 176 students of Psychology. Each person was randomly assigned the roles of leader and follower and they were distributed to form teams. The research procedure was developed over three phases. The results showed that self-efficacy for leadership significantly influenced self-efficacy in the task of the leader and also predicted the team’s final performance; although in the latter case its influence is only partial. This research has important implications for advancing the understanding of emotions in the workplace

El emprendedor desde el enfoque de la psicología positiva

En el presente trabajo se pretende analizar la conexión entre la psicología positiva y el comportamiento emprendedor. Desde sus orígenes y hasta hace no tanto tiempo atrás, la psicología sólo se centraba en la patología, en la debilidad y en el sufrimiento. Actualmente, el acento se pone sobre el bienestar mental o la calidad de vida para que el ser humano pueda, además de vivir saludablemente, salir fortalecido ante las adversidades o crisis que puedan presentársele. Conceptos propios de la psicología positiva como son resiliencia, motivación o felicidad, son cualidades propias del emprendedor, el cual tiene una sensibilidad especial para detectar oportunidades, movilizar recursos, interconectar información o tener ideas innovadoras. En definitiva, para hallar oportunidades donde otros no las ven o convertir en hechos lo pensado. Tener espíritu emprendedor es hacer las cosas, levantarse con más fuerza cada vez que se cae y ser capaz de convivir con la incertidumbre manteniéndose optimista. Por consiguiente, el estudio del comportamiento y el éxito emprendedor no puede ser correctamente entendido si no se aborda desde la óptica de la psicología positiva.In this paper, we expect to analyse the relationship between Positive Psychology and entrepreneur behaviour. Originally and since no some much time ago, psychology only concentrated in the pathology, weakness and suffering. Nowadays the emphasis is on the mental welfare or quality of life, so that the human being could, in addition of living healthy, get stronger in adversity or crisis that could experience. Typical concepts of Positive Psychology as resilience, motivation and happiness, are qualities of the entrepreneur. The entrepreneur has an special feeling to detect opportunities, mobilize resources, link information or has innovative ideas. In short, to find opportunities where other people don´t see it or make thoughts real. Having entrepreneur´s nature is to do things, to get up with more strength when you have fallen and to be optimist living with uncertainty. Therefore, the study of entrepreneur´s behaviour and sucess can´t be understood if we don´t take the point of view of Positive Psychology

Fish assemblage of two Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile, 1813, meadows with different degrees of conservation

Ictiofauna de dos praderas de Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile con distinto grado de conservación

Characterization of EEG patterns in brain-injured subjects and controls after a Snoezelen® intervention

Producción CientíficaBackground and objective. The aim of this study was to assess the changes induced in electroencephalographic (EEG) activity by a Snoezelen® intervention on individuals with brain-injury and control subjects. Methods: EEG activity was recorded preceding and following a Snoezelen® session in 18 people with cerebral palsy (CP), 18 subjects who have sustained traumatic brain-injury (TBI) and 18 controls. EEG data were analyzed by means of spectral and nonlinear measures: median frequency (MF), individual alpha frequency (IAF), sample entropy (SampEn) and Lempel-Ziv complexity (LZC). Results: Our results showed decreased values for MF, IAF, SampEn and LZC as a consequence of the therapy. The main changes between pre-stimulation and post-stimulation conditions were found in occipital and parietal brain areas. Additionally, these changes are more widespread in controls than in brain-injured subjects, which can be due to cognitive deficits in TBI and CP groups. Conclusions: Our findings support the notion that Snoezelen® therapy affects central nervous system, inducing a slowing of oscillatory activity, as well as a decrease of EEG complexity and irregularity. These alterations seem to be related with higher levels of relaxation of the participants.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (TEC2014-53196-R)Junta de Castilla y León (VA059U13 y BIO/VA08/15

Paper pulp delignification using laccase and natural mediators

aCentro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, E-28040 Madrid, Spain; bCentro de Investigación y Tecnología, ENCE, Carretera de Campañó, Ribeiro Vao, E-36157 Pontevedra, Spain; cInstituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla, CSIC, PO Box 1052,E-41080, Seville, Spain; E-mail address: [email protected] (A.T. Martínez)Three plant phenols, namely acetosyringone syringaldehyde and p-coumaric acid, were selected as laccase redox mediators to investigate the enzymatic delignification of paper pulp (obtained from kraft cooking of eucalypt wood) in combination with peroxide bleaching. The effects of these natural mediators were compared with those obtained using the synthetic mediator 1-hydroxybenzotriazole. p-Coumaric acid only caused minor increase of pulp brightness and did not lowered its kappa number (a rough estimation of the lignin content), whereas the use of acetosyringone or syringaldehyde as laccase mediators enabled over 15 % increase of final brightness and a similar decrease of final kappa number. Pulp delignification by laccase in the presence of the two latter natural mediators was demonstrated by analytical pyrolysis, which does not suffer from interferences by other pulp constituents as kappa number does, showing a preferential removal of lignin marker compounds compared with carbohydrate markers (up to 25% decrease of the corresponding ratio). This technique also revealed a modification of the residual lignin composition in terms of phenylpropane units after the laccase-mediator treatment. The use of laccase in combination with natural mediators, widely available from plant materials and pulping liquors, represents a promising alternative for environmentally-friendly delignification of paper pulp.This study has been funded by two ENCE-CSIC contracts, the Spanish projects AGL2005-01748, CTQ2005-8925-CO2-02/PPQ and BIO2005-2224, and the CSIC project 2006-4-0I-039. Marcel Asther from INRA (Marseille, France) is acknowledged for the P. cinnabarinus strain, and Beldem (Andenne, Belgium) is acknowledged for laccase production. S.C. thanks a R&C contract of the Spanish MEC, and D.I. thanks a I3P Fellowship of the Spanish CSIC.Peer reviewe

Determining the influence of eucalypt lignin composition in paper pulp yield using Py-GC/MS

1)Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla, P.O. Box 1052, 41080-Seville, Spain; 2)ENCE-CIT, Ctra. Campañó, Ribeiro-Vao, 36157 Pontevedra, Spain; 3)Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. E-mail address: [email protected] (J.C. del Río)A set of Eucalyptus globulus woods from different origins and growth conditions, giving a wide range of pulp yields (from 40% to 60%) upon kraft cooking, was analyzed using Py-GC/MS. The carbohydrate-derived compounds and the compounds derived from syringyl (S) and guaiacyl (G) lignin units were analyzed and the lignin/carbohydrate and S/G ratios determined. Eucalypt woods giving higher pulp yield released higher amounts of S-type compounds upon Py-GC/MS. A significant correlation was observed between pulp yield and the lignin composition in terms of the S/G ratio. By contrast, the lignin/carbohydrate ratio obtained by Py-GC/MS, did not show a significant correlation with the pulp yield. This indicates that the lignin composition is a more important parameter influencing pulp yield than the lignin content.This study has been supported by Grupo Empresarial ENCE S.A. and the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología (MCyT) (project AGL2002-00393). A.G. acknowledges a "Ramón y Cajal" contract of the Spanish MCyT.Peer reviewe

Virtual reality training platform for flexible ureterorenoscopy interventions with a minimally invasive surgical robot

The total number of ureteroscopy (URS) interventions during the past years has dramatically increased due to the ongoing technological advances and the benefits associated with these techniques. However, the current URS procedure presents some drawbacks to urologic surgeons. The LITHOS project was created with the main objective of developing a surgical robotic system for flexible ureterorenoscopic lithotripsy interventions, offering a technological solution that meets the real needs of both patients and surgeons in this type of procedures. In this paper, a virtual reality environment for flexible ureterorenoscopy interventions is presented. The proposed environment provides a suitable training platform for surgeons manipulating the surgical robotic system