А T-2 Fusarium toxin kimutatása és mennyiségi meghatározása mikrobiológiai eljárással

Es wurde eine analytische mikrobiologische Methode zum Nachweis und zur quantitativen Bestimmung des T —2 Toxins entwickelt. Bei einer in einem breiten Spektrum durchgeführten Überprüfung wurde eine farblose Alge: Prototheca wickerhamii als Prüfungsorganismus geeigneter Empfindlichkeit ausgewählt. Wird die Bestimmung mit der genormten Agardiffusionsmethode durchgeführt, so ist die Nachweisgrenze des T —2 Toxins 0,1 /tg/Scheibe, und befindet sich der Messbereich im Intervall von 0,3 —3,5 /tg/Scheibe. Mit einer vorangehenden präparativen Dünnschichtchromatographie ergänzt ist die Methode zur Untersuchung des Extraktes von Lebensmittel- und Futtermustern geeignet. Durch eine Kombination der dünnschichtchromatographischen Abtrennung mit mikrobiologischer Entwicklung wurde ein rasches Verfahren zur halbquantitativen Bestimmung des T - 2 Toxins im Bereich von 0,1-2,5 ug/ Flecken ausgearbeitet. An analytical microbiological method was developed for the detection and quantitative determination of the T — 2 toxin. In the course of a screening carried out along a wide spectrum, a colourless alga: Prototheca wickerhamii was chosen as a test microorganism of adequate sensitivity. On carrying out the determination by the standard agar-diffusion method, the detection limit of the T — 2 toxin is 0.1 /ig/disk, and the range of measurement is in the interval 0.3 — 2.5 /ig/disk. Complemented by a previous preparative thin layer chromatographic step, the method is suitable for the investigation of the extracts of food and feed samples. On combining the separation by thin layer chromatography with microbiological development, a rapid procedure was developed for the semiquantitative determination of the T — 2 toxin in the domain 0.1 — 2.5 /tg/spot

Adatok a tejsavas erjesztéssel tartósított zöldparadicsom mikrobiológiai tulajdonságaihoz

Die Verfasser machen auf einen mikrobiologisch bedingten äusserlichen Fehler der durch Milchsäuerefermantation konservierten grünen Tomaten aufmerksam. Im Laufe der Gärung rufen — wahrscheinlich zufolge von Verletzung der Epidermis der Tomaten — die der Fermentationsmikroflora angehörenden Lactobazillen durch Vermehrung unter der Epidermis, Kolonien mit einem Durchmesser von 0,5 — 3 mm hervor und diese enthalten trotz des am Ende der Gärung vorhandenen niederen pH, bzw. der hohen Milchsäurekonzentration, noch lebende Zellen. Diese Kolonien können selbst durch intensives Waschen der Tomatenoberfläche nidht entfernt werden. An exterior deficiency due to microbiological effects observed in green tomatoes preserved by lactic acid fermentation is described. During the fermentation, probably due to lesions in the epidermis of tomatoes, Lactobacillus bacteria pertaining to the microflora of the fermentation are multiplying under the epidermis, and they form colonies of 0.5 —3.0 mm diameter. Though at the end of the fermentation period the pH value is low and the lactic acid concentration is high, still there are viable cells in these colonies which cannot be removed by an intensive washing of the tomato surface. Les auteurs rendent compte sur un défaut d’extérieur ä fond microbiologique des tomates vertes conservées par fermentation lactique. Au cours de la fermentation, probablement dü ä des lésions de l’épiederme des tomates, les bactéries Lactobacillus qui appartiennent ä la microflore de la fermentation, se propagent sous l’épiderme et у torment des colonies de diamétres de 0,5 ä 3 mm. Ces colonies contiennent, malgré le pH faible et la haute teneur en acide lactique en fin de fermentation, encore des cellules vivantes. Ces colonies ne es font éliminer de la surface des tomates merne par lavage intense

Role of Aspergilli and Penicillia in mycotoxin contamination of maize in Hungary

Aspergillus and Penicillium species and their mycotoxins, including aflatoxins, ochratoxins, fumonisins and patulin, are frequently encountered on cereal products. The occurrence of these species and their mycotoxins on maize was investigated in Hungary after harvest in two consecutive years. Surface-sterilized cereal seeds were placed on selective media, and the isolated fungal strains were identified using morphological methods. In 2010 and 2011, 81.94% and 14.33%, respectively, of the samples were found to be contaminated with potentially toxigenic isolates. The species identification of selected isolates was carried out using sequence-based methods. Several Aspergillus flavus isolates were identified, which are potential aflatoxin producers. Other mycotoxinproducing species were also isolated, including black Aspergilli, which potentially produce ochratoxins and fumonisins, and A. clavatus, which produces patulin. In 2010 a large number of Penicillium species occurred in the samples, producing a wide range of mycotoxins. The mycotoxin content of the samples was analysed using the ELISA and HPLC techniques. Aflatoxins were not detected in any of the samples, while ochratoxins and fumonisins were successfully identified in some of the maize seeds.</jats:p

Biodegradation of ochratoxin A for food and feed decontamination

Ochratoxin A (OTA) is one of the most important mycotoxins that is found in food and feed products. It has proven toxic properties, being primarily known for its nephrotoxicity and carcinogenicity to certain animal species. OTA is produced by several species of Aspergillus and Penicillium that can be found in a wide variety of agricultural products, which makes the presence of OTA in these products common. Many countries have statutory limits for OTA, and concentrations need to be reduced to as low as technologically possible in food and feed. The most important measures to be taken to control OTA are preventive in order to avoid fungal growth and OTA production. However, these measures are difficult to implement in all cases with the consequence of OTA remaining in agricultural commodities. Remediation processes are often used to eliminate, reduce or avoid the toxic effects of OTA. Biological methods have been considered increasingly as an alternative to physical and chemical treatments. However, examples of practical applications are infrequent. This review will focus on the (i) known microorganisms and enzymes that are able to biodegrade OTA; (ii) mode of action of biodegradation and (iii) current applications. A critical discussion about the technical applicability of these strategies is presented.Luis Abrunhosa was supported by the grant SFRH/BPD/43922/2008 from Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia-FCT, Portugal. Russell Paterson is grateful for the research position in the FCT framework, Commitment to Science ref. C2008-UMINHO-CEB-2

Functional Movement Screen and Corrective Strategies Relevance in Active Athletes

A sportsérülések kialakulásának megelőzésében segít a funkcionális mozgásminta szűrés, amivel felmérhetőek a funkcionális deficitek. Szakdolgozatomban a Debreceni Labdarugó Akadémia U19-es korosztályát mértem fel az FMS segítségével. Az első mérés alapján személyre szabottan korrekciós gyakorlatokat állítottunk össze, melyek a korlátozottságokra hatottak. Majd 4 hét elteltével visszamértük a változásokat, mely során azt tapasztaltuk, hogy szignifikáns javulás következett be a kezdeti és visszamért értékek között.BSc/BAnépegészségügyimagyarnappalig