Motiváció a zenei nevelésben: a tanulói döntések, a műfaji preferenciák és a külső ösztönzők szerepe az öndeterminációs elmélet alapján

Music education plays a key role in personality development and the formation of social relationships. It is both a means of self-expression and a community-building force, closely linked to the cultural environment and individual motivation. The aim of this research is to provide a comprehensive picture of the factors influencing students' motivation to learn musical instruments and to explore students' attitudes and opinions towards different musical genres. Our research is the first national empirical study to investigate complex relationships: how parents, teachers and peers influence students' interest in learning musical instruments; and the genres they prefer; and how this can be interpreted within the framework of self-determination theory. A better understanding of motivational factors can help to make music education more effective and enjoyable for students. In our quantitative research, we adapted the Motivation for Music Learning questionnaire (Comeau et al., 2019) in a pilot study, which was found reliable for the Hungarian sample. We supplemented the instrument with background questions, including whether students started learning an instrument on their own initiative or on the initiative of their parents. In our second quantitative measurement, we applied the MLM questionnaire to a larger sample. In addition, we used a self-developed questionnaire to compare the opinions of students (N=1159), both instrumental learners and non-learners, which helped reveal motivational differences. A novel feature of our questionnaire was the inclusion of pre-defined videos to explore students' attitudes towards musical genres. The qualitative phase of the study consisted of interviews with teachers, student teachers, parents and instrumental music students. The aim of the interviews was to gain a deeper understanding of the factors influencing motivation, such as teaching methods, family background and personal experiences. Interviews with experienced teachers and student teachers also covered career motivation. In summary, our results show that parents, teachers and peers play a crucial role in maintaining motivation, but the proportion of incentives varies with age. Students who start to learn an instrument on their own initiative have stronger intrinsic motivation. However, intrinsic and extrinsic incentives interact. It is worth noting that intrinsic commitment to learning an instrument is not related to favoring the subject of vocal music, and no significant differences were found between boys' and girls' motivation. Pupils significantly preferred popular genres to classical or folk music, regardless of age group and gender. The interviews suggest that autonomy is achieved through choice. Competence is the second basic need where positive feedback is crucial. The final basic need is related to bonding and belonging, with communication being an essential element. Dropout can be attributed to a lack of support for these basic psychological needs. There are many factors behind the choice of teaching, instrumental learning and instrument choice, but one of the most important, apart from internal incentives, is the influence of family and parents. There is a difference between the career preferences of current teachers and those of future teachers. Our complementary research approach enabled a complex investigation of the motivational background of instrumental learning, thereby yielding novel insights into the field of music learning motivation. Our findings may contribute to supporting music teachers and parents in motivating students, thus promoting long-term commitment to instrumental learning

Kapcsolatok és koncepciók: A csehszlovák és magyar állambiztonság viszonyának alakulása a CSKP-n belüli koncepciós eljárások alapján, 1948–1954

This PhD dissertation aims to present the fluctuating relations between the Czechoslovak and Hungarian state socialist state security services in the earliest period of their relationship by focusing on the Czechoslovak political trials. The cooperation between the two services was indeed volatile. They established their unofficial and official connection quite late, only in 1947–1948. After the expulsion of Yugoslavia from the Cominform, the search for the ‘enemy within the party’ created the chance of a major cooperation between them in the case of Noel Field in 1949. However, the mutual efforts to unveil the ‘enemy’ showed a significant drop, mostly since the main actor in the relationship, Hungarian state security colonel Ernő Szücs was murdered during his own constructed case in 1950. From that point onward, even though there were many instances where the Czechoslovak political proceedings had Hungarian aspects, there was no collaboration between the two services to create a joint ‘investigation’ – as they did previously in the Field-case. To give a broader context for the analysis of the two services’ relations, the dissertation uses the methods of comparative and transnational history to highlight the similarities and differences between the two main political trials and the two state security services in Czechoslovakia and Hungary. Using archival sources from Czech, Hungarian, and Slovak archives, the doctoral work examines the earliest instances of connections, brings new perspectives and information to the Field-case, reveals Szücs’s relations to his Czechoslovak colleagues, and analyses four Czechoslovak political trials and their Hungarian aspects. These trials are examined as case examples supporting the theory about the setback in the relations after 1950, but they also highlight other reasons for this beside Szücs’s death. As a result, the dissertation gives a more nuanced inquiry into the topic’s already existing, yet deficient and fragmented historical knowledge, and presents new information, approaches, contexts, and interrelations of the rarely discussed relations between the two neighbouring countries’ state security services

Az ember pszichológiai rezilienciája: Egzisztenciális válasz a törékenység tapasztalatára

The dissertation develops a philosophical-anthropological reinterpretation of resilience, arguing that contemporary psychological models, while increasingly complex, remain largely confined to adaptive and functional frameworks that overlook the existential and transcendence-oriented dimensions of human existence. It contends that resilience cannot be reduced to adaptation or recovery, but should be understood as an existential response grounded in meaning-making, freedom, and self-interpretation, particularly in the face of crisis. The analysis is based on the works of Viktor E. Frankl, Martin Buber, and Henri Bergson. Frankl provides the existential foundation of resilience through the concept of meaning-oriented freedom; Buber reveals its relational structure through the complementary notions of emuna and pistis; while Bergson conceptualizes resilience as a dynamic, processual reorganization shaped by the interplay of stability and change and by the continuity of lived time. The dissertation argues that resilience fundamentally depends on the experience of continuity -the capacity to sustain a coherent life narrative despite disruption - emerging not only at the individual level but within communal, cultural, and religious frameworks of meaning. Consequently, resilience is interpreted as a psychological, normative, and spiritual phenomenon. These theoretical insights are further explored through two case studies: the analysis of papal texts and the relationship between minority rights and democracy. The study’s main contribution lies in demonstrating that resilience requires philosophical deepening and can only be fully understood within the existential, relational, and transcendent horizon of human life

Development of health psychological intervention methods in breast surgery care

Our results from STUDY 1 suggest that the period before adjuvant oncological treatment, following primary breast surgery, is an optimal time window to implement a multidisciplinary health promotion intervention for malignant breast cancer patients. The findings of this study highlight the complex role and impact of a multidisciplinary health promotion intervention, emphasising its educational value and its support for improving patients' health behaviours during recovery from malignant breast cancer. Our results from STUDY 2 provide evidence that the illness narratives interpreted within Frank's theoretical framework include the patient's emotions about the disease process, his or her activity or lack of activity in the recovery process, in other words, the patient's psychological adjustment, which is related to emotional and mood states, stress levels, and perceptions of the illness, all of which are specific to the recovery process, in this case, to the postoperative state. The Emotional Graph of Illness Trajectory explores and constructs an emotion-focused disease narrative, by which can help to restore a sense of personal control and reduce feelings of suffering, which are intrapersonal needs that are fundamentally damaged when facing a severe illness