Bactericidal properties of experimental dental composites based on dimethacrylate resins reinforced by nanoparticles

The aim of this study was to examine the possibility of replacing a part of the filler in experimental dental composites by nanoparticles with antibacterial potential. Experimental dental composites containing silver nanoparticles deposited on titanium and silica dioxide of different size were analyzed in terms of antibacterial properties. The depth of cure and mechanical properties of composite surface layer were examined. Bactericidal properties were tested according to the LIVE/DEAD cell viability assay. The mechanical properties were determined with a NanoTest 600 instrument. Composites containing silver nanoparticles deposited on titanium dioxide and nanosilica carrier exhibit the strongest antibacterial properties. High content of TiO2 causes strong absorption of light irradiation, which makes their curing process more difficult. Hardness of surface layer increases but the deeper layers of the samples remain uncured. Composites containing nanosilver on titanium dioxide and nanosilica carrier exhibit the highest antibacterial activity. High content of TiO2 causes strong absorption of light irradiation impairing their curing process. The presence of nanosilver changes composite color causing limited light penetration and lower surface hardness

Attachment‑based parent–adolescent interaction linked to visual attention and autonomic arousal to distress and comfort stimuli

In infancy and in the early years of life, emotion regulation and attachment relationships with parents are tightly intertwined. However, whether this link persists into adolescence has not yet been established and requires exploration. This pilot study utilizes an experimental design to assess the patterns of parent–adolescent interactions that are hypothesised to be related to two specific aspects of adolescents’ emotion regulation, namely: visual attention and autonomic arousal to distress and comfort stimuli. Two innovative and ecologically valid methodologies were utilized to assess (a) patterns of attachment-based parent–adolescent interactions among 39 adolescent–parent dyads from the general population, using the Goal-corrected Partnership in Adolescence Coding System (Lyons-Ruth et al. Goal corrected partnership in adolescence coding system (GPACS), 2005) applied to a conflict discussion task; (b) the two aspects of adolescent emotion regulation were assessed with the Visual/Autonomic Regulation of Emotions Assessment (VAREA) (Vulliez-Coady et al. Visual/Autonomic Regulation of Emotions Assessment, VAREA) paradigm, an attachment-related, emotionally arousing experimental procedure, using a distress-then-comfort paradigm, in conjunction to an eye-tracker synchronized with a physiological device that measured gaze and skin conductance response, (SCR), or emotional reactivity. In line with research in infancy, as predicted, markers of secure parent–adolescent interaction were linked to higher amplitude of SCR for distress and comfort pictures, and with longer attention to comfort pictures. On the other hand, parental role-confusion was associated with less time spent on comfort pictures by the adolescent. Overall, this pilot study suggests that interventions supporting collaborative communication between adolescents and their parents, as well as working to reduce parental role-confusion, may improve adaptive adolescent emotion regulation as assessed via physiological measures

Residual Adhesive Removal Methods for Rebonding of Debonded Orthodontic Metal Brackets: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Debonding of orthodontic brackets is a common occurrence during orthodontic treatment. Therefore, the best option for treating debonded brackets should be indicated. This study aimed to evaluate the bond strength of rebonded brackets after different residual adhesive removal methods. This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. PubMed, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library, SciELO, Scopus, LILACS, IBECS, and BVS databases were screened up to December 2020. Bond strength comparisons were made considering the method used for removing the residual adhesive on the bracket base. A total of 12 studies were included for the meta-analysis. Four different adhesive removal methods were identified: sandblasting, laser, mechanical grinding, and direct flame. When compared with new orthodontic metallic brackets, bond strength of debonded brackets after air abrasion (p = 0.006), mechanical grinding (p = 0.007), and direct flame (p < 0.001) was significantly lower. The use of an erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Er:YAG) laser showed similar shear bond strength (SBS) values when compared with those of new orthodontic brackets (p = 0.71). The Er:YAG laser could be considered an optimal method for promoting the bond of debonded orthodontic brackets. Direct flame, mechanical grinding, or sandblasting are also suitable, obtaining clinically acceptable bond strength values

Antibacterial Properties of Calcium Fluoride-Based Composite Materials: In Vitro Study

The aim of the study was to evaluate antibacterial activity of composite materials modified with calcium fluoride against cariogenic bacteria S. mutans and L. acidophilus. One commercially available conventional light-curing composite material containing fluoride ions (F2) and two commercially available flowable light-curing composite materials (Flow Art and X-Flow) modified with 1.5, 2.5, and 5.0 wt% anhydrous calcium fluoride addition were used in the study. Composite material samples were incubated in 0.95% NaCl at 35 ∘ C for 3 days; then dilution series of S. mutans and L. acidophilus strains were made from the eluates. Bacteria dilutions were cultivated on media afterwards. Colony-forming unit per 1 mL of solution (CFU/mL) was calculated. Composite materials modified with calcium fluoride highly reduced ( &lt; 0.001) bacteria growth compared to commercially available composite materials containing fluoride compounds. The greatest reduction in bacteria growth was observed for composite materials modified with 1.5% wt. CaF 2 . All three tested composite materials showed statistically greater antibacterial activity against L. acidophilus than against S. mutans

Effect of Collagen Crosslinkers on Dentin Bond Strength of Adhesive Systems: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

This study aimed to identify the role of crosslinking agents in the resin-dentin bond strength (BS) when used as modifiers in adhesives or pretreatments to the dentin surface through a systematic review and meta-analysis. This paper was conducted according to the directions of the PRISMA 2020 statement. The research question of this review was: "Would the use of crosslinkers agents improve the BS of resin-based materials to dentin?" The literature search was conducted in the following databases: Embase, PubMed, Scielo, Scopus, and Web of Science. Manuscripts that reported the effect on the BS after the use of crosslinking agents were included. The meta-analyses were performed using Review Manager v5.4.1. The comparisons were performed by comparing the standardized mean difference between the BS values obtained using the crosslinker agent or the control group. The subgroup comparisons were performed based on the adhesive strategy used (total-etch or self-etch). The immediate and long-term data were analyzed separately. A total of 50 articles were included in the qualitative analysis, while 45 articles were considered for the quantitative analysis. The meta-analysis suggested that pretreatment with epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), carbodiimide, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), glutaraldehyde, and riboflavin crosslinking agents improved the long-term BS of resin composites to dentin (p ≤ 0.02). On the other hand, the use of proanthocyanidins as a pretreatment improved both the immediate and long-term BS values (p ≤ 0.02). When incorporated within the adhesive formulation, only glutaraldehyde, riboflavin, and EGCG improved the long-term BS to dentin. It could be concluded that the application of different crosslinking agents such as carbodiimide, EDTA, glutaraldehyde, riboflavin, and EGCG improved the long-term BS of adhesive systems to dentin. This effect was observed when these crosslinkers were used as a separate step and when incorporated within the formulation of the adhesive system

Rapid genome editing by CRISPR-Cas9-POLD3 fusion

Precision CRISPR gene editing relies on the cellular homology-directed DNA repair (HDR) to introduce custom DNA sequences to target sites. The HDR editing efficiency varies between cell types and genomic sites, and the sources of this variation are incompletely understood. Here, we have studied the effect of 450 DNA repair protein-Cas9 fusions on CRISPR genome editing outcomes. We find the majority of fusions to improve precision genome editing only modestly in a locus- and cell-type specific manner. We identify Cas9-POLD3 fusion that enhances editing by speeding up the initiation of DNA repair. We conclude that while DNA repair protein fusions to Cas9 can improve HDR CRISPR editing, most need to be optimized to the cell type and genomic site, highlighting the diversity of factors contributing to locus-specific genome editing outcomes.Peer reviewe

Interleukin-33 Signaling Controls the Development of Iron-Recycling Macrophages.

Splenic red pulp macrophages (RPMs) contribute to erythrocyte homeostasis and are required for iron recycling. Heme induces the expression of SPIC transcription factor in monocyte-derived macrophages and promotes their differentiation into RPM precursors, pre-RPMs. However, the requirements for differentiation into mature RPMs remain unknown. Here, we have demonstrated that interleukin (IL)-33 associated with erythrocytes and co-cooperated with heme to promote the generation of mature RPMs through activation of the MyD88 adaptor protein and ERK1/2 kinases downstream of the IL-33 receptor, IL1RL1. IL-33- and IL1RL1-deficient mice showed defective iron recycling and increased splenic iron deposition. Gene expression and chromatin accessibility studies revealed a role for GATA transcription factors downstream of IL-33 signaling during the development of pre-RPMs that retained full potential to differentiate into RPMs. Thus, IL-33 instructs the development of RPMs as a response to physiological erythrocyte damage with important implications to iron recycling and iron homeostasis

We Do Not Like It: A Likert-Type Scale Survey on the Attitudes of a Young Population towards the Transhumanistic Theory of Education

Transhumanists assume that future education may be purely based on technological stimulation. The question is: Do potential clients of education “like” such vision? In order to check this, we asked over one thousand two hundred young Poles to evaluate their identification with the transhumanistic theory of education. The results are quite surprising: its show that they disagree with the assumptions of this theory, while they rather agree with the postulates of more traditional (and no technology-based) concepts of education

Oculomotor and neurophysiological markers of emotional regulation related to attachment in adolescence

Les changements pubertaires peuvent être à l'origine de multiples expériences socio-émotionnelles positives et/ou négatives que les adolescents doiven gérer. Le processus de la régulation émotionnelle (RE) va être grandement sollicité au cours de cette période. La littérature montre que la RE est une fonction psychobiologique dont le développement peut être impacté par divers facteurs environnementaux de l'enfance. Parmi ces facteurs, l'expérienc de l'attachement avec la figure d'attachement y joue un rôle primordial. Cependant, la question cruciale concernant l'impact de l'attachement sur les mécanismes comportementaux et neurophysiologiques des stratégies de RE à l'adolescence reste sous-estimée et les publications à ce sujet sont encore rares. Dans ce contexte, notre étude vise à détem1iner les paramètres oculomoteurs et neurophysiologiques pour les utiliser comme marqueurs potentiel des stratégies de régulation des émotions en fonction du style d'attachement chez les adolescents. Toutefois, la RE est difficilement évaluable avec des outils ne sollicitant que les processus cognitifs conscients des adolescents. À ce titre, il nous a paru nécessaire d'utiliser un dispositif d'eye-tracking synchronisé avec un système de mesure physiologique permet de déterminer les paran1ètres oculomoteurs et neurophysiologiques lors d'exploration des ces images. Cette étude soutient l'hypothèse que l'attachement module des paramètres oculomoteurs et neurophysiologiques des stratégies de la RE Ces résultats pourraient inciter à une nouvelle ligne de recherche afin de proposer une solution thérapeutique dans le contexte de la dysrégulation émotionnelle.Adolescence is a time of increasing vulnerability to intemalizing and extemalizing psychopathologies associated with poor emotion regulation, including depression, anxiety and antisocial behavior. Emotion regulation is the ability to recrui processes to influence emotion generation. It is therefore important to understand how emotion regulation develops at thi time and how this relates to ongoing development in adolescence. In recent years there has been increasing interest in how attachment styles modulate emotion regulation strategies. However, few researches have addressed this question directly in adolescence. The crucial question conceming the behavioral and neurophysiological mechanisms ofregulatior strategies emotions in adolescence remains underestimated. Employing a specific, an ecologically valid paradigm, the current study determines the oculomotor and neurophysiologie patterns as a potential marker of emotion regulation strategies i.e., comfort and proximity seeking as a function ofattachment style in healthy adolescents. The Attachment Scale Interview was used to detennine attachment style (i.e., secure, fearful, enmeshed and avoidant) in eighty-one healthy adolescents. A synchronized eye-tracking and physiologie measurement device was used to determine gaze and neurophysiologie parameters, respectively, on attachment-related pictures issue from The BASP-Ado. Our results show the existence of different profiles of emotional regulation in adolescence. These results could encourage a new line of research in order to offer a therapeutic solution in the context of emotional dysregulation