The Growth, Yield and Quality of Elephant Grass (Pennisetum purpureum) Spesific Toleran of Acid Soils by Mutagenesis with Ethylmethane Sulfonate

The purpose of this research was to know the effect of ethylmethane sulfonate (EMS) on the growth, yield and quality of Elephant grass.  The experimental method with completely randomized design (CRD) was applied.  Fifeteens plot area 2 x 3 m2 were used in this experiment.  There were three treatments and five replications. The treatments consisted of R0 = Elephant grass control, R1 = Elephant grass with 0.1% EMS treatment, and R2 = Elephant grass with 0.2% EMS treatment.  The variables were the development (height of plant, the number of leaf, the leaf area and ratio of stem to leaf), yield (forage/plant, forage/plot and dry matter yield and quality (dry matter, crude protein and crude fiber content) of Elephant grass. These results of variance analysis showed that the treatments significantly affected  on  the height of plant, the forage yield/plant and the crude protein content but not significantly affected on the number of leaf, the leaf area, ratio of stem to leaf, forage yield/plot, dry matter yield, dry matter and crude fiber content.Key words : ethylmethane sulfonate, Pennisetum purpureum, growth, yield, quality Animal Production 14(2):87-9

Chemical Composition of Longissimus Dorsi and Biceps Femoris on Different Slaughter Weight of Local Male Sheep Reared in the Village

Quality of meat can be assessed from the change of its chemical components. Characteristics of meat chemical composition depend on species, age, sex, feed, location and function of muscle section in body. The objective of the research was to study meat chemical composition of local male sheep on different slaughter weight and different muscle. Local male sheep which were used as subject research obtained from Temanggung, i.e. healthy male sheep, aged 1.5-12 months; slaughtered at 6 categories of slaughter weight ranging from 5 to 30 kg. The sheep was slaughtered and sampled for chemical composition determination of Longissimus dorsi (LD) dan Biceps femoris (BF). The nested ANOVA was used to analyze data and any differences among the groups were further tested using Duncan Multiple Range Tests (DMRT). The results showed that moisture, ash, fat and cholesterol content of the meat from different slaughtered weight were not significant (P>0.05). The increase of slaughter weight significantly (P0.05). The conclusion of the research were (1) moisture, ash, fat and cholesterol content of local male sheep meat from different slaughtered weight were not significant, but protein and vitamin A content of the meat from different slaughtered weight were significant, (2) chemical composition of local male sheep from LD and BF were not significant. (Animal Production 8(1): 1-7 (2006

Nutrition Quality and Digestibility of Eichhornia crassipes leaf fermented amoniation by in vitro with Trichoderma viride at the various period of fermentation]

A research to study the influence of eichormia crassipes leaf fermented amoniation with Trichoderma viride at time period various of nutrient quality (crude protein and crude fiber), dry matter digestible (DMD) and organic matter digestible (OMD). Research was arranged in completely randomized design (CRD) with four treatment (T0, T2, T4 dan T6 = the period of fermentation 0, 2, 4 and 6 week) and five replications. The parameter that obtained were crude protein, crude fiber, DMD and OMD, the data were variance analized using ANOVA and Duncan multiple range test (DMRT). The results showed that the Eichhornia crassipes leaf fermented by amoniation with Trichoderma viride be able to improve nutrient quality, DMD and OMD by in vitro. Keywords : Eichhornia crassipes, ammoniation, fermentation, digestibilit

The In Vitro Digestibility of Rice Straw Fermented by Different Level of Fortified Rumen and Fermentation Times

This experiment was aimed to study the interactive effect of fortified rumen content levels and fermentation times on the in vitro digestibility of rice straw. Rice straw of Cisadane var. were fermented using different levels of the fortified rumen content (10, 15, and 20% of dry matter) for 4, 6, and 8 weeks. The fermented rice straw then were determined its NDF and ADF contents and its in vitro dry matter and organic digestibility (IVDMD and IVOMD), respectively. The treatments were alloted to completely randomized design with a 3 x 3 of factorial pattern. Data were anlyzed using ANOVA and polynomial orthogonal test were used to study the pattern of each treatment effect. The interactive effect of treatments did not affect the parameters observed significantly, but the fortified rumen content levels increased linearly (P<0.05) the IVDMD and IVOMD of rice straw. The fermentation times increased (P<0.05) the ADF content of rice straw in a quadratic manner. The fortified rumen content level of 20% and fermentation time of 8 weeks improved the in vitro digestibility of rice straw. The data of an experiment from in vitro digestibility is needed to establish this rice straw processing. Keywords : rice straw, fermentation, rumen, digestibility, in vitr

Energy Utilization of Complete Feed with Different Protein-Energy Levels in Male Local Lamb on Feedlot System

59 Energy Utilization of Complete Feed [E. Purbowati et al.] Not all of energy consumed by animal can be digested and utilized by body but some of them will be expelled through feces, urine, methane and heat increment. The objective of the research was to study the energy utilization of complete feed with different protein-energy levels in male local lamb on feedlot system. Twenty four males local lamb, aged around 3 – 5 months with the average body weight of 8,7 – 15,5 kg were used in this experiment. A generalized randomized (completely) block design was used in this study. The complete feed treatments were R1 (CP 14.48% and TDN 50.46%), R2 (CP 17.35% and TDN 52.61%), R3 (CP 15.09% and TDN 58.60%), and R4 (CP 17.42% and TDN 57.46%). The ANOVA was used to analyze data and any differences among groups were further tested using Duncan’s Multiple Range Tests (DMRT). The results showed that the Average Daily Gain (ADG) of lamb fed complete feed treatments were not significantly different (P>0.05) i.e. 145.22, 164.98, 154.92 dan 152.02 g, respectively for R1, R2, R3 and R4. Dry matter (DM) intake of lamb of R1 (937.08 g) and R2 (942.72 g) significantly higher (P<0,05) than these of R3 (796.54 g) and R4 (827.08 g), but digestible dry matter of R1 (48.85%) dan R2 (50.89%) significantlyഊlower (P<0,05) than these of R3 (60.49%) dan R4 (59.77%). The energy intake were not significantly different (P>0.05) among the treatments. Energy intake of R1, R2, R3 and T4 were 12,80, 12,30, 11,46 dan 10,74 MJ, respectively. Digestible energy (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME) (% energy intake) of R1 (52.26 and 45.25%) and R2 (53.52 and 45.03%) were lower (P<0,05) than those of R3 (63.46 and 52.64%) and R4 (64.11 and 58.45%). It was concluded that energy utilization of complete feed with crude protein (15.0 and 17.5%) and energy (50 and 60% TDN) combination in male local lamb on feedlot system were relatively the same. Keywords: energy Utilization, Complete Feed, Different Protein-Energy Levels, Feedlot, Local Lam

The Growth, Yield and Quality of Elephant Grass (Pennisetum purpureum) Spesific Toleran of Acid Soils by Mutagenesis with Ethylmethane Sulfonate

The purpose of this research was to know the effect of ethylmethane sulfonate (EMS) on the growth, yield and quality of Elephant grass.  The experimental method with completely randomized design (CRD) was applied.  Fifeteens plot area 2 x 3 m2 were used in this experiment.  There were three treatments and five replications. The treatments consisted of R0 = Elephant grass control, R1 = Elephant grass with 0.1% EMS treatment, and R2 = Elephant grass with 0.2% EMS treatment.  The variables were the development (height of plant, the number of leaf, the leaf area and ratio of stem to leaf), yield (forage/plant, forage/plot and dry matter yield and quality (dry matter, crude protein and crude fiber content) of Elephant grass. These results of variance analysis showed that the treatments significantly affected  on  the height of plant, the forage yield/plant and the crude protein content but not significantly affected on the number of leaf, the leaf area, ratio of stem to leaf, forage yield/plot, dry matter yield, dry matter and crude fiber content. Key words : ethylmethane sulfonate, Pennisetum purpureum, growth, yield, quality   Animal Production 14(2):87-9

Study on Anoa\u27s Preference to Feed Form Under Ex Situ Conservation

The Anoa is potential to be developed as a meat-producing animal. Studies on its preference to certain feed types and form is essential as an initial effort to conserve and cultivate anoa as livestock using feed processing technology. This study was aimed to evaluate the anoa\u27s feed preference to feed physical form, which was processed through feed processing/preserving technology. Latin square design with 3 treatments, and 3 replications was used in this study. The treatments were three different feed form, i.e. fresh, hay and wafers. Three anoas used as replications. Eating behaviour (eating, rumination upon standing, lying and wallowing), total feed consumptions, total dung, protein and crude fibre content of feed were observed. The results showed that the anoa\u27s feed in the ex situ area could be prepared in the form of wafers with protein content, crude fibre and total digestible nutrient of 8.11, 23.11 and 72.85%, respectively. Total digestible nutrients of wafer-shaped feed was higher than fresh and dry feed (72.85 vs 62.25, 60.88%). It could be recommended that wafer feed could be applied in anoa ex situ conservation and cultivation. (Animal Production 12(3): 150-155 (2010

Study on Anoa\u27s Preference to Feed Form Under Ex Situ Conservation

The Anoa is potential to be developed as a meat-producing animal. Studies on its preference to certain feed types and form is essential as an initial effort to conserve and cultivate anoa as livestock using feed processing technology. This study was aimed to evaluate the anoa\u27s feed preference to feed physical form, which was processed through feed processing/preserving technology. Latin square design with 3 treatments, and 3 replications was used in this study. The treatments were three different feed form, i.e. fresh, hay and wafers. Three anoas used as replications. Eating behaviour (eating, rumination upon standing, lying and wallowing), total feed consumptions, total dung, protein and crude fibre content of feed were observed. The results showed that the anoa\u27s feed in the ex situ area could be prepared in the form of wafers with protein content, crude fibre and total digestible nutrient of 8.11, 23.11 and 72.85%, respectively. Total digestible nutrients of wafer-shaped feed was higher than fresh and dry feed (72.85 vs 62.25, 60.88%). It could be recommended that wafer feed could be applied in anoa ex situ conservation and cultivation. (Animal Production 12(3): 150-155 (2010