PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND HPTLC FINGERPRINTING ANALYSIS OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF ERYTHRINA VARIEGATA L. FLOWERS

Objective: Medicinal plants possess phytochemicals that accumulate in various parts of plant like leaves, flowers, vegetables and roots that exert defense mechanism and protect us from various diseases. The present study was carried out to investigate the secondary metabolites and develop HPTLC fingerprinting of Erythrina variegata L.Methods: The Phytochemical screening was analyzed for various extracts by using standard protocols and HPTLC analysis was carried out for the identification of alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, saponin and steroids in the ethanolic extract of Erythrina variegata L. flower.Results: The phytochemicals screening confirms the presence of phyto-constituents in various plant extracts of Erythrina variegata L. The study revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, saponin and steroids in the ethanolic extract of Erythrina variegata L. flower.Conclusion: Based on the study it is concluded that Erythrina variegata L. flower possess phytochemicals like alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, saponin and steroids.Keywords: Erythrina variegata L., HPTLC, Medicinal plants, Phytoconstituents, Secondary metabolite

Nitrofuran residues in animal sourced food: Sample extraction and identification methods – A review

Food being a basic need for life is expected to be harmless on its consumption. However, animals used for food purpose are widely subjected to veterinary drugs for prophylactic and therapeutic purpose. Nitrofuran is a group of drugs which counts for the treatment of gastrointestinal and urinary tract infections in animals. Nitrofurans (NFs) have been reported to have allergic, mutagenic and carcinogenic reactions. This has led to research in development of robust and rapid method for their analysis in animal source food. Nitrofuran analysis requires longer time for sample preparation as the parent compounds need to be derivatized. Derivatization is the technique used to improve analyte characteristics for the separation and to increase method sensitivity. This process in LC-MS/MS and GCMS–/MS could improve compound detection ability. Due to low concentration level of analytes MS/MS techniques yield good repeatability and reproducibility. Derivatization of samples for LC/ESI/MS and GC–MS is a newer approach, but the goals are similar: to improve chromatographic retention or peak shape, eliminate carryover, facilitate sample cleanup, and form a stable derivative for unstable analytes using the MS/MS technique. Current trends in sample preparation have exposed the use of robust and quick processes, affordable separation and detection technologies. This review provides an overview of the most relevant advancements and improvement in the derivatization process and extraction methodologies applied for the analysis of NFs in food products

In Vitro Free Radical Scavenging Activity, Phytochemical Screening and Quantitative Analysis of Passiflora Ligularis Seed

The medicinal properties of plants are due to the presence of chemical substances that produce certain definite physiological action on the human body. The qualitative analysis as well as quantification of phytochemicals of a medicinal plant is regarded as fundamental step in any kind of medicinal plant research. Ethanolic extract of Passiflora ligularis seed was screened for secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, tannins and carbohydrates. Total alkaloid, flavonoid, phenol, saponin and tannin contents were also analysed quantitatively. The preliminary phytochemical screening revealed presence of flavonoids, saponins, tannins, phenols and glycosides. Analysis of the free radical scavenging activity of the extract exposed a concentration dependent antiradical activity resulting from the reduction of radicals to non-radical forms. Findings of the study provided support that crude extract of the plant species contains medicinally important bioactive compounds and justify the use of the plant in the traditional medicine for the treatment of different diseases

Integrating Peer-to-Peer Energy Trading and Flexibility Market With Self-Sovereign Identity for Decentralized Energy Dispatch and Congestion Management

Addressing the trends of digitalization, decentralization, democratization, and decarbonization, local peer-to-peer (P2P) markets have the potential to significantly accelerate decarbonization at the communal level. However, due to an increase in the number of energy consumers, such as electric vehicles or heat pumps, grid congestion can occur since actual low-voltage grids are not designed to transmit large loads. This paper introduces a novel concept for a platform to combine the advantages of P2P trading with the need for secure, automated low-voltage grid control, ensuring effective congestion management. Therefore, a dual local energy market has been developed, comprising a P2P energy market and a flexibility market with the latter ensures preventively managing congestion. Furthermore, mechanisms exist to provide curative, real-time congestion management. Additionally, the platform empowers prosumers, i.e. end users that produce and consume electrical energy, with intelligent market strategies to maximize their financial outcomes by participating in both markets. To provide a secure trading mechanism, the novel concept of Self-Sovereign-Identity is integrated into the platform. The platform is based on a multi-agent-system developed using the Java Development Environment (JADE) in conjunction with the Energy Option Model (EOM) for the effective modelling of energy systems. Tested in a smart grid laboratory at the University of Wuppertal, the platform provides financial gains for prosumers and effectively manages current- and voltage-related grid congestions