The Relationship of Shopping-Related Decisions with Materialistic Values Endorsement, Compulsive Buying-Shopping Disorder Symptoms and Everyday Moral Decision Making

Background: Compulsive buying-shopping disorder (CBSD) is associated with high materialistic values endorsement and excessive purchasing of consumer goods. A subgroup of individuals with CBSD engage in socially unacceptable behaviors to continue shopping despite negative consequences. This investigation aimed at exploring possible links between ego-oriented shopping-related decisions, materialism, symptoms of CBSD and close-to-everyday moral decision making. Methods: In study 1, patients with CBSD were interviewed to develop a list of conflict situations, capturing typical shopping-related dilemmas. In study 2, the shopping-related dilemmas from study 1, standardized close-to-everyday moral dilemmas, the Material Values Scale and Pathological Buying Screener were administered to a web-based convenience sample (n = 274). Results: The main effects of a moderated hierarchical regression analysis revealed an association of more ego-oriented shopping-related decisions with both higher materialistic values endorsement and more CBSD symptoms, but not with everyday moral decision-making. However, a more egoistic everyday moral decision making style moderated the effect of CBSD symptoms on ego-oriented shopping related decisions. Conclusions: The findings indicate that a more egoistic everyday moral decision making style is not directly linked to domain-specific shopping-related decision making but strengthens the link between symptoms of CBSD and ego-oriented shopping-related decisions

Association of impulsivity with quality of life and well‐being after alcohol withdrawal treatment

Abstract Objectives Impulsivity is related to a higher risk of relapse in alcohol use disorders. However, besides drinking behavior, other recovery outcomes like physical and mental health‐related quality of life are at least as important. The present study aimed to fill a research gap regarding the association of different impulsivity facets with health‐related quality of life and well‐being in alcohol use disorder. Methods Individuals with a primary alcohol use disorder diagnosis (n = 167) were interviewed with standardized self‐report measures at the progressed stage of their withdrawal treatment and 6 weeks thereafter. Multiple regression models were calculated to examine the association of impulsivity, craving, and drinking patterns with health‐related quality of life and well‐being 6 weeks after withdrawal treatment, as well as the predictive role of impulsivity assessed during withdrawal for these two outcomes. Results Craving was associated with health‐related quality of life and well‐being 6 weeks after withdrawal. Likewise, non‐planning and attentional impulsivity were associated with well‐being 6 weeks after withdrawal. Motor impulsivity during withdrawal treatment predicted health‐related quality of life 6 weeks thereafter. Conclusion Impulsivity seems to be negatively related to health‐related quality of life and well‐being in the first weeks after alcohol withdrawal treatment, probably to a higher extent than drinking patterns, but differentiating between its facets seems to be important. These findings emphasize the importance of treatment approaches aiming at reduced impulsivity in the early recovery process

Towards a cross-cultural assessment of binge-watching: Psychometric evaluation of the “watching TV series motives” and “binge-watching engagement and symptoms” questionnaires across nine languages

In view of the growing interest regarding binge-watching (i.e., watching multiple episodes of television (TV) series in a single sitting) research, two measures were developed and validated to assess binge-watching involvement (“Binge-Watching Engagement and Symptoms Questionnaire”, BWESQ) and related motivations (“Watching TV Series Motives Questionnaire”, WTSMQ). To promote international and cross-cultural binge-watching research, the present article reports on the validation of these questionnaires in nine languages (English, French, Spanish, Italian, German, Hungarian, Persian, Arabic, Chinese). Both questionnaires were disseminated, together with additional self-report measures of happiness, psychopathological symptoms, impulsivity and problematic internet use among TV series viewers from a college/university student population (N = 12,616) in 17 countries. Confirmatory factor, measurement invariance and correlational analyses were conducted to establish structural and construct validity. The two questionnaires had good psychometric properties and fit in each language. Equivalence across languages and gender was supported, while construct validity was evidenced by similar patterns of associations with complementary measures of happiness, psychopathological symptoms, impulsivity and problematic internet use. The results support the psychometric validity and utility of the BWESQ and WTSMQ for conducting cross-cultural research on binge-watching

Food Addiction

Zielsetzung: Mit der Entwicklung der Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS) wurden diagnostische Kriterien von Food Addiction (FA) postuliert, die sich zunächst an den sieben DSM-IV-TR-Kriterien für Substanzabhängigkeit orientierten. Mit Einführung des DSM-5 erfolgte eine Revision der Skala (YFAS 2.0), die sich an den 11 Kriterien für Substanzgebrauchsstörungen orientiert. Dieser Beitrag befasst sich mit der YFAS 2.0-basierten Prävalenz von FA bei Personen mit Anorexia Nervosa (AN), Bulimia Nervosa (BN), Binge-Eating-Störung (BES) und Adipositas und der Anwendung experimenteller Paradigmen aus der Suchtforschung bei Ess- und Gewichtsstörungen. Methodik: Fokussierte narrative Überblicksarbeit. Ergebnisse: YFAS 2.0-FA-Diagnosen wurden besonders häufig bei Personen mit BN, BES und/oder Adipositas berichtet. Aus der Suchtforschung bekannte experimentelle Paradigmen wurden für Ess- und Gewichtsstörungen adaptiert und zeigen Parallelen zu Abhängigkeitserkrankungen, oftmals wurde in diesen Studien FA jedoch nicht explizit erfasst. Schlussfolgerungen: Eine Subgruppe von Patient innen mit BN, BES und/oder Adipositas zeigt suchtartiges Essen im Sinne einer YFAS 2.0-FA-Diagnose. Experimentelle Studien legen nahe, dass hier die gleichen Mechanismen bedeutsam sein könnten wie bei Suchterkrankungen. Unklar ist, ob diese auf das Vorliegen von FA zurückzuführen sind. Zukünftige Studien sollten FA systematisch berücksichtigen und den klinischen Nutzen des Konzepts weiter untersuchen

Selbstmitgefühl mediiert den Zusammenhang zwischen dysfunktionalen Persönlichkeitsstilen und der mentalen Gesundheit depressiver Patient_innen

<jats:p> Zusammenfassung. Theoretischer Hintergrund: Ein selbstunsicherer und Borderline-Persönlichkeitsstil scheinen positiv mit Symptomschwere und negativ mit Lebenszufriedenheit bei depressiven Personen zusammenzuhängen. Selbstmitgefühl könnte hierbei eine vermittelnde Rolle spielen. Fragestellung: Die vorliegende Studie untersuchte, ob ein geringeres Selbstmitgefühl den Zusammenhang eines selbstunsicheren bzw. Borderline-Persönlichkeitsstils mit geringerer Lebenszufriedenheit und höherer Symptomschwere vermittelt. Methode: In einer Querschnitts-Erhebung beantworteten 78 ambulante Patient_innen mit Majorer Depression Fragebögen zu Selbstmitgefühl, Lebenszufriedenheit, depressiver Symptomschwere und Persönlichkeitsstilen. Anschließend wurden Mediationsanalysen berechnet. Ergebnisse: Die Ergebnisse implizieren, dass ein geringeres Selbstmitgefühl den Zusammenhang zwischen einem selbstunsicheren Stil und depressiver Symptomschwere vermittelt. Insbesondere eine ausgeprägtere Selbstverurteilung vermittelte den Zusammenhang zwischen einem selbstunsicheren bzw. Borderline-Stil und geringerer Lebenszufriedenheit. Schlussfolgerungen: Selbstmitgefühl zu stärken und insbesondere Selbstverurteilung zu reduzieren könnte bei depressiven Patient_innen mit selbstunsicherem oder Borderline-Stil ein Ansatzpunkt zur Verbesserung der mentalen Gesundheit sein, was in Interventionsstudien untersucht werden sollte. Limitationen der Studie sind das querschnittliche Design und die geringe interne Konsistenz einzelner Selbstmitgefühls-Facetten. </jats:p&gt

Approach and avoidance: Relations with the thin body ideal in women with disordered eating behavior

Recent research suggests that automatic cognitive biases are linked to body dissatisfaction and disordered eating behavior. However, little is known about automatic action tendencies in the field of body image research. The aim of the present study was to examine approach and avoidance biases toward the thin body ideal and normal weight bodies and whether these are pronounced in individuals showing disordered eating behavior. Participants were divided into a group with disordered eating behavior (n = 55) and without disordered eating behavior (n = 45). To assess approach and avoidance tendencies, the Approach-Avoidance Task was used during which the participants were instructed to approach or avoid thin and normal weight body pictures. Our results indicated faster push than pull movements towards thin and normal weight body pictures. However, participants with and without disordered eating behavior did not differ with regard to their reactions. Furthermore, we found positive associations between the avoidance of normal weight body pictures and perceived pressure to confirm to media ideals. Future research is warranted to replicate our findings and to extend our knowledge on approach and avoidance biases toward body pictures in patients suffering from eating disorders