Green synthesis and characterization of iron oxide nanoparticles using Coriandrum sativum L. leaf extract

450-454Green nanoparticle synthesis is a promising, eco-friendly and safe approach. In the current study, Iron oxide nanoparticles (FeONPs) were synthesized using aqueous leaf extract of Coriandrum sativum L. Further, the characterization of synthesized FeONPs was performed using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) and differential scanning colorimetry (DSC). The surface plasmon resonance effect confirmed the synthesis of FeONPs. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) revealed mean particle size of FeONPs around 163.5 and polydispersity index 0.091 with a zeta potential of −13.8 mV. Differential scanning colorimetry (DSC) exhibited an endothermic peak at 176.91°C. Vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) analysis showed superparamagnetic properties of iron nanoparticles with a magnetization value of 3.483 emu/g and the results indicated superparamagnetic behavior of prepared iron nanoparticles at room temperature, thus highlighting their potential as magnetically targeted drug delivery system. This biosynthetic method has been proven to be cost-effective, environment friendly and promising for use in biomedical sciences

Anti-inflammatory potential of ginseng for wound healing

© 2022 The Authors. Published by IntechOpen. This is an open access article available under a Creative Commons licence. The published version can be accessed at the following link on the publisher’s website: https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/79331The recovery of skin wounds is a complex biological process involving three basic mechanisms: inflammatory phase, re-epithelialization followed by granulation and tissue remodeling. The interactions between inflammatory cells, fibroblasts, and keratinocytes induce microenvironmental changes at the wound site. Tissue remodeling is initiated by matrix-producing proteins and protease enzymes and collagen fibers in the dermis. A saponin extracted from ginseng, known as ginsenoside, has been shown to accelerate neovascularization in burn wounds in mice. It also increases levels of vascular endothelial growth factor and interleukin (IL-β). IL-β accelerate wound healing by promoting accumulation of macrophages at skin wound sites. Saponins are major active constituents of ginseng. They contain many ginsenosides. The purified ginsenosides or the extracts of ginseng root have been reported to have beneficial effects on damaged skin. For instance, red ginseng root extract protected skin from acute UVB-irradiation. Ginsenoside F1, an enzymatically modified derivative of the ginsenoside Rg1, protected HaCaT against UVB-induced apoptosis. Panax ginseng root extract promotes type I collagen synthesis in human dermal fibroblasts (HDF) via the Smad activation pathway and exhibits antioxidant activity against free radicles including diphenyl-p-picrylhydrazyl treatment. In addition, ginsenoside Rb1 promotes healing process of burn wound by enhancing angiogenesis. Among the various ginsenosides, ginsenoside Rb1 has been found to most potent agent for wound healing.Published onlin

Synthesis and evaluation of 2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-1H-carbazole derivatives as selective acetylcholinesterase inhibitors: Potential anti-Alzheimer’s agents

152-160Alzheimer’s disease is an irreversible, progressive brain disorder that slowly destroys memory and cognition skills. Dysfunction of acetylcholine containing neurons in the brain contributes substantially to the cognitive decline observed in Alzheimer's disease. Hence, our focus is to synthesize cholinesterase inhibitors. A series (22 compounds) of 6- and 9-substituted derivatives of 2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-1H-carbazole have been prepared and in vitro evaluated for acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibition by Ellman’s method. By comparing selectivity with standard drug donepezil, amino derivative 3, methylamino derivative 4 and butyl nitro derivative 17 have been found to be selective AChE inhibitors. Borsche-Drechsel cyclization reaction has been carried out to synthesize 2,3,4,9-tetrahydrocarbazole ring followed by nitration, reduction and derivative synthesis

Synthesis and evaluation of 2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-1H-carbazole derivatives as selective acetylcholinesterase inhibitors: Potential anti-Alzheimer’s agents

Alzheimer’s disease is an irreversible, progressive brain disorder that slowly destroys memory and cognition skills. Dysfunction of acetylcholine containing neurons in the brain contributes substantially to the cognitive decline observed in Alzheimer's disease. Hence, our focus is to synthesize cholinesterase inhibitors. A series (22 compounds) of 6- and 9-substituted derivatives of 2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-1H-carbazole have been prepared and in vitro evaluated for acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibition by Ellman’s method. By comparing selectivity with standard drug donepezil, amino derivative 3, methylamino derivative 4 and butyl nitro derivative 17 have been found to be selective AChE inhibitors. Borsche-Drechsel cyclization reaction has been carried out to synthesize 2,3,4,9-tetrahydrocarbazole ring followed by nitration, reduction and derivative synthesis.

Green synthesis and characterization of iron oxide nanoparticles using Coriandrum sativum L. leaf extract

Green nanoparticle synthesis is a promising, eco-friendly and safe approach. In the current study, Iron oxide nanoparticles (FeONPs) were synthesized using aqueous leaf extract of Coriandrum sativum L. Further, the characterization of synthesized FeONPs was performed using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) and differential scanning colorimetry (DSC). The surface plasmon resonance effect confirmed the synthesis of FeONPs. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) revealed mean particle size of FeONPs around 163.5 and polydispersity index 0.091 with a zeta potential of −13.8 mV. Differential scanning colorimetry (DSC) exhibited an endothermic peak at 176.91°C. Vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) analysis showed superparamagnetic properties of iron nanoparticles with a magnetization value of 3.483 emu/g and the results indicated superparamagnetic behavior of prepared iron nanoparticles at room temperature, thus highlighting their potential as magnetically targeted drug delivery system. This biosynthetic method has been proven to be cost-effective, environment friendly and promising for use in biomedical sciences

Anti-Inflammatory Potential of Ginseng for Wound Healing

The recovery of skin wounds is a complex biological process involving three basic mechanisms: inflammatory phase, re-epithelialization followed by granulation and tissue remodeling. The interactions between inflammatory cells, fibroblasts, and keratinocytes induce microenvironmental changes at the wound site. Tissue remodeling is initiated by matrix-producing proteins and protease enzymes and collagen fibers in the dermis. A saponin extracted from ginseng, known as ginsenoside, has been shown to accelerate neovascularization in burn wounds in mice. It also increases levels of vascular endothelial growth factor and interleukin (IL-β). IL-β accelerate wound healing by promoting accumulation of macrophages at skin wound sites. Saponins are major active constituents of ginseng. They contain many ginsenosides. The purified ginsenosides or the extracts of ginseng root have been reported to have beneficial effects on damaged skin. For instance, red ginseng root extract protected skin from acute UVB-irradiation. Ginsenoside F1, an enzymatically modified derivative of the ginsenoside Rg1, protected HaCaT against UVB-induced apoptosis. Panax ginseng root extract promotes type I collagen synthesis in human dermal fibroblasts (HDF) via the Smad activation pathway and exhibits antioxidant activity against free radicles including diphenyl-p-picrylhydrazyl treatment. In addition, ginsenoside Rb1 promotes healing process of burn wound by enhancing angiogenesis. Among the various ginsenosides, ginsenoside Rb1 has been found to most potent agent for wound healing