Germline-restricted chromosome (GRC) is widespread among songbirds

An unusual supernumerary chromosome has been reported for two related avian species, the zebra and Bengalese finches. This large, germline-restricted chromosome (GRC) is eliminated from somatic cells and spermatids and transmitted via oocytes only. Its origin, distribution among avian lineages, and function were mostly unknown so far. Using immunolocalization of key meiotic proteins, we found that GRCs of varying size and genetic content are present in all 16 songbird species investigated and absent from germline genomes of all eight examined bird species from other avian orders. Results of fluorescent in situ hybridization of microdissected GRC probes and their sequencing indicate that GRCs show little homology between songbird species and contain a variety of repetitive elements and unique sequences with paralogs in the somatic genome. Our data suggest that the GRC evolved in the common ancestor of all songbirds and underwent significant changes in the extant descendant lineages

Генетична оцінка схильності до гіпертрофічної форми гінгівіту у дітей

The study is dedicated to searching for genetic factors that determine the predisposition to children's hypertrophic and catarrhal forms of gingivitis. The study involved children with hypertrophic gingivitis (12 patients) and chronic catarrhal gingivitis (16 patients). Because of the study, it was found that hypertrophic gingivitis and chronic catarrhal gingivitis differed significantly in the distribution of polymorphism genotypes TNFRSF1B, MMP1B and TGFB1 in examined patients. No difference was found between the groups by rs1800629 TNF-alpha-308G>A, rs1800795 IL6-174G>C, rs3024491 IL10-1082G>A and rs1800012 COL1A1 IVS1 2046G>T polymorphisms. The results obtained, in our opinion, should be taken into account in the development of treatment and prevention measures to support the dental treatment of children with hypertrophic gingivitis.Дослідження присвячено пошуку генетичних чинників, що визначають схильність до гіпертрофічної та катаральної форм гінгівіту у дітей. В дослідженні приймали участь групи дітей з гіпертрофічним гінгівітом (12 пацієнтів) та з хронічним катаральним гінгівітом (16 пацієнтів). У результатах проведеного дослідження було виявлено, що гіпертрофічний гінгівіт і хронічний катаральний гінгівіт суттєво відрізнялися за розподілом генотипів поліморфізму TNFRSF1B, MMP1B і TGFB1 у обстежених пацієнтів. Не було знайдено будь-якої різниці між групами за поліморфізмами rs1800629 TNF-alpha-308G>A, rs1800795 IL6-174G>C, rs3024491 IL10-1082G>A та rs1800012 COL1A1 IVS1 2046G>T. Отримані результати, на наш погляд, необхідно враховувати при розробці лікувально-профілактичних заходів супроводження стоматологічного лікування дітей з гіпертрофічним гінгівітом

Состояние тканей ротовой полости у больных гастритом

У хворих на гастрит за даними дослідження дентальних індексів та біохімічних маркерів слини розвиваються запальні процеси в порожнині рота, обумовлені зниженням неспецифічного імунітета та збільшенням ступіня орального дисбіоза.The aim. To determine of the mouth state in gastritis patients. The materials and methods. The dental indices and biochemical markers of inflammation and dysbiosis were determined into saliva of gastritis patients. The dental indices and saliva markers of inflammation increased in gastritis patients. The degree of oral dysbiosis increased too.У больных гастритом по данным исследования дентальных индексов и биохимическим маркерам слюны развиваются воспалительные процессы в полости рта, обусловленные снижением неспецифического иммунитета и увеличением степени орального дисбиоза

Palaeogenomics of Upper Palaeolithic to Neolithic European hunter-gatherers

Modern humans have populated Europe for more than 45,000 years1,2. Our knowledge of the genetic relatedness and structure of ancient hunter-gatherers is however limited, owing to the scarceness and poor molecular preservation of human remains from that period3. Here we analyse 356 ancient hunter-gatherer genomes, including new genomic data for 116 individuals from 14 countries in western and central Eurasia, spanning between 35,000 and 5,000 years ago. We identify a genetic ancestry profile in individuals associated with Upper Palaeolithic Gravettian assemblages from western Europe that is distinct from contemporaneous groups related to this archaeological culture in central and southern Europe4, but resembles that of preceding individuals associated with the Aurignacian culture. This ancestry profile survived during the Last Glacial Maximum (25,000 to 19,000 years ago) in human populations from southwestern Europe associated with the Solutrean culture, and with the following Magdalenian culture that re-expanded northeastward after the Last Glacial Maximum. Conversely, we reveal a genetic turnover in southern Europe suggesting a local replacement of human groups around the time of the Last Glacial Maximum, accompanied by a north-to-south dispersal of populations associated with the Epigravettian culture. From at least 14,000 years ago, an ancestry related to this culture spread from the south across the rest of Europe, largely replacing the Magdalenian-associated gene pool. After a period of limited admixture that spanned the beginning of the Mesolithic, we find genetic interactions between western and eastern European hunter-gatherers, who were also characterized by marked differences in phenotypically relevant variants

Ten millennia of hepatitis B virus evolution

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) has been infecting humans for millennia and remains a global health problem, but its past diversity and dispersal routes are largely unknown. We generated HBV genomic data from 137 Eurasians and Native Americans dated between similar to 10,500 and similar to 400 years ago. We date the most recent common ancestor of all HBV lineages to between similar to 20,000 and 12,000 years ago, with the virus present in European and South American hunter-gatherers during the early Holocene. After the European Neolithic transition, Mesolithic HBV strains were replaced by a lineage likely disseminated by early farmers that prevailed throughout western Eurasia for similar to 4000 years, declining around the end of the 2nd millennium BCE. The only remnant of this prehistoric HBV diversity is the rare genotype G, which appears to have reemerged during the HIV pandemic.Molecular Technology and Informatics for Personalised Medicine and Healt

Palaeogenomics of Upper Palaeolithic to Neolithic European hunter-gatherers

Modern humans have populated Europe for more than 45,000 years. Our knowledge of the genetic relatedness and structure of ancient hunter-gatherers is however limited, owing to the scarceness and poor molecular preservation of human remains from that period. Here we analyse 356 ancient hunter-gatherer genomes, including new genomic data for 116 individuals from 14 countries in western and central Eurasia, spanning between 35,000 and 5,000 years ago. We identify a genetic ancestry profile in individuals associated with Upper Palaeolithic Gravettian assemblages from western Europe that is distinct from contemporaneous groups related to this archaeological culture in central and southern Europe, but resembles that of preceding individuals associated with the Aurignacian culture. This ancestry profile survived during the Last Glacial Maximum (25,000 to 19,000 years ago) in human populations from southwestern Europe associated with the Solutrean culture, and with the following Magdalenian culture that re-expanded northeastward after the Last Glacial Maximum. Conversely, we reveal a genetic turnover in southern Europe suggesting a local replacement of human groups around the time of the Last Glacial Maximum, accompanied by a north-to-south dispersal of populations associated with the Epigravettian culture. From at least 14,000 years ago, an ancestry related to this culture spread from the south across the rest of Europe, largely replacing the Magdalenian-associated gene pool. After a period of limited admixture that spanned the beginning of the Mesolithic, we find genetic interactions between western and eastern European hunter-gatherers, who were also characterized by marked differences in phenotypically relevant variants.Archaeological Heritage Managemen

Palaeogenomics of Upper Palaeolithic to Neolithic European hunter-gatherers

Modern humans have populated Europe for more than 45,000 years(1,2). Our knowledge of the genetic relatedness and structure of ancient hunter-gatherers is however limited, owing to the scarceness and poor molecular preservation of human remains from that period(3). Here we analyse 356 ancient hunter-gatherer genomes, including new genomic data for 116 individuals from 14 countries in western and central Eurasia, spanning between 35,000 and 5,000 years ago. We identify a genetic ancestry profile in individuals associated with Upper Palaeolithic Gravettian assemblages from western Europe that is distinct from contemporaneous groups related to this archaeological culture in central and southern Europe(4), but resembles that of preceding individuals associated with the Aurignacian culture. This ancestry profile survived during the Last Glacial Maximum (25,000 to 19,000 years ago) in human populations from southwestern Europe associated with the Solutrean culture, and with the following Magdalenian culture that re-expanded northeastward after the Last Glacial Maximum. Conversely, we reveal a genetic turnover in southern Europe suggesting a local replacement of human groups around the time of the Last Glacial Maximum, accompanied by a north-to-south dispersal of populations associated with the Epigravettian culture. From at least 14,000 years ago, an ancestry related to this culture spread from the south across the rest of Europe, largely replacing the Magdalenian-associated gene pool. After a period of limited admixture that spanned the beginning of the Mesolithic, we find genetic interactions between western and eastern European hunter-gatherers, who were also characterized by marked differences in phenotypically relevant variants.Molecular Technology and Informatics for Personalised Medicine and Healt

Ten millennia of hepatitis B virus evolution

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) has been infecting humans for millennia and remains a global health problem, but its past diversity and dispersal routes are largely unknown. We generated HBV genomic data from 137 Eurasians and Native Americans dated between ~10,500 and ~400 years ago. We date the most recent common ancestor of all HBV lineages to between ~20,000 and 12,000 years ago, with the virus present in European and South American hunter-gatherers during the early Holocene. After the European Neolithic transition, Mesolithic HBV strains were replaced by a lineage likely disseminated by early farmers that prevailed throughout western Eurasia for ~4000 years, declining around the end of the 2nd millennium BCE. The only remnant of this prehistoric HBV diversity is the rare genotype G, which appears to have reemerged during the HIV pandemic

Quality of life, symptom profile and clinical efficacy of second-line treatment with dasatinib in patients with imatinib-resistant or -intolerant chronic myeloid leukemia: results of 2-year follow-up

The article is focused on the results of the multicenter observational study “Quality of life and symptom profile in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia in chronic phase in long-term follow-up of second-line treatment” (2012–2015). Thirty imatinib-resistant or-intolerant patients with chronic myeloid leukemia in chronic phase were observed in the real-world clinical setting during 24 months after start of second-line treatment with dasatinib. Mean age – 48 years old (SD = 13.1); males / females – 14 / 16; one third of patients were with comorbidity, Charlson Index – 0–5 scores. All the patients received dasatinib in the dosage of 100 mg daily. Study time points – 12, 18 and 24 months after second-line treatment start. Treatment outcomes were analyzed in terms of clinical efficacy and safety as well as in terms of patient-reported outcomes, including quality of life and symptom profile assessment. For quality of life and symptom assessment the SF-36 and CSP-CML questionnaires were used, respectively. Statisticallly significant changes in quality of life and symptom severity were analyzed by generalized estimated equation (GEE). Complete hematological response was observed in 96.3 % patients, complete cytogenetic response – in 66.6 % patients, complete or major molecular response – in 60 % patients. The acceptable tolerability of dasatinib treatment was shown during long-term follow-up: hematological and non-hematological serious adverse events were rare and didn’t lead to treatment discontinuation. Significant improvement of physical functioning, role physical functioning, role emotional functioning, vitality and mental health as compared to base-line parameters was observed (p < 0.05). The severity of a number pronounced symptoms decreased and the proportion of patients with severe symptoms reduced (p = 0.01) after 24 months of second-line treatment start. Quality of life treatment response in terms of stabilization or improvement was registered in 83 % of patients. The data of this real-world study in CML patients are in line with the results of clinical studies in terms of dasatinib treatment efficacy and safety. In addition, they demonstrate the value of patient-reported outcomes to evaluate benefits and risks of long-term dasatinib treatment from patient perspective

Вплив вітамінно-мінерального комплексу «магній активний» на стан тканин пародонта щурів в умовах моделювання метаболічного синдрому

Показано, что витаминно-минеральный комплекс «Магний активный» в условиях моделирования у крыс метаболического синдрома вызывал восстановление уровней общего холестерина и глюкозы, улучшение функционального состояния печени. Кроме того, комплекс снижал содержание триглицеридов, мочевой кислоты, уровень холестерина и увеличивал уровень липопротеидов высокой плотности. Комплекс восстанавливал коллаген и гликопротеины межклеточного матрикса соединительной ткани пародонта крыс, проявлял антиоксидантные свойства и улучшал минеральный обмен, в результате чего существенно снижалась резорбция костной ткани пародонта животных.It was shown that the “Magnesium Active” vitamin-mineral complex caused restoration of levels of total cholesterol and glucose, improvement of the functional state of the liverin ratsunder the conditions of modeling of the metabolic syndrome.The complex reduces triglycerides, uric acid, cholesterol levels and high density lipoproteins, as well.The complex restored collagen and glycoproteins of the extracellular matrix of the rat parodontal connective tissue, showed antioxidant properties and improved mineral metabolism, resulting in substantially decreased parodontalbone resorption of animals.Показано, що вітамінно-мінеральний комплекс «Магній активний» в умовах моделювання у щурів метаболічного синдрому викликав відновлення рівнів загального холестерину і глюкози, поліпшення функціонального стану печінки. Крім того, комплекс знижував вміст тригліцеридів, сечової кислоти, рівень холестерину і збільшував рівень ліпопротеїдів високої щільності. Комплекс відновлював колаген і глікопротеїни міжклітинної матриксу сполучної тканини пародонту щурів, виявляв антиоксидантні властивості і поліпшував мінеральний обмін, в результаті чого істотно знижувалася резорбція кісткової тканини пародонту тварин