The features of online news websites in Bangladesh

The Internet has opened borderless opportunities in the field of journalism and mass communication, especially significant on how journalistic stories will be created and distributed across the multiple platforms. Since 2006 Bangladeshi mainstream news organizations have been transforming and reshaping their strategy towards being a digital-only news outlet. News organizations are now using different features of mobile devices and social media to tell stories and engage with their target audiences. We consider digital-only platforms as a new media, social media and convergence media platforms. Almost each traditional media outlet observed has the analogue or another version on the web. Social media platforms, like Facebook, Twitter, weblogs, Tik Tok have provided the opportunity for the traditional journalists to share news quickly, get feedback from the audience and have two-way communication with the reader. Over the years they have created thousands of new jobs for aspiring journalists. In this article, we analyze the basic features of online news media that exists in contemporary Bangladesh and provide an account of the development trends. We outline the new genres, techniques and use as a sample two most famous online news platforms: The Daily Star and bdnews24. This study is based on both primary and secondary sources of qualitative data to understand the new genres of online news media, challenges and opportunities to work in the ever-changing media landscape

Internet television: past and present

The development of digital technologies has radically changed the direction of the development of modern media. Professional producers of information – newspapers, radio broadcasting, and television – entered the Internet no more than fifteen years ago. The Internet is used by almost all types of media in the world as an additional channel for the transmission and distribution of content. Many media experts see a great future in the Internet media market. In Bangladesh, home to 160 million people, Internet media are already popular and growing rapidly. Internet TV began to function at the beginning of the 21st century. It was created specifically for broadcasting on the network, which requires a high level of technical equipment from both the producer and the content provider and the consumer. Therefore, chronologically, television was the last type of media that entered the Internet. In this report, we analyze the basic features of Internet Television that exists in contemporary Bangladesh and provide an account of the development trends. We analyzed Internet Television broadcasters in Bangladesh, like “ATN Music”, “Popcorn Live”. This study is based on both primary and secondary sources of qualitative data to understand the ability of Internet TV to provide news, qualitive information, together with the challenges and opportunities of it to work in the ever-changing media landscape

Разработка модели экспериментального пародонтита = Development of the model of experimental periodontitis

Nikolaeva A. V., Shnayder S. A. Разработка модели экспериментального пародонтита = Development of the model of experimental periodontitis. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2015;5(12):317-325. ISSN 2391-8306. DOIhttp://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.35463http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/2015%3B5%2812%29%3A317-325http://pbn.nauka.gov.pl/works/682215Formerly Journal of Health Sciences. ISSN 1429-9623 / 2300-665X. Archives 2011–2014http://journal.rsw.edu.pl/index.php/JHS/issue/archive Deklaracja.Specyfika i zawartość merytoryczna czasopisma nie ulega zmianie.Zgodnie z informacją MNiSW z dnia 2 czerwca 2014 r., że w roku 2014 nie będzie przeprowadzana ocena czasopism naukowych; czasopismo o zmienionym tytule otrzymuje tyle samo punktów co na wykazie czasopism naukowych z dnia 31 grudnia 2014 r.The journal has had 5 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Poland parametric evaluation. Part B item 1089. (31.12.2014).© The Author (s) 2015;This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland and Radom University in Radom, PolandOpen Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium,provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercialuse, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper.Received: 10.11.2015. Revised 25.11.2015. Accepted: 16.12.2015. УДК: 616.314.17-008.1-0.2-092.9(086.48):599.323.4UDC: 616.314.17-008.1-0.2-092.9(086.48):599.323.4 РАЗРАБОТКА МОДЕЛИ ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНОГО ПАРОДОНТИТА DEVELOPMENT OF THE MODEL OF EXPERIMENTAL PERIODONTITIS А. В. Николаева, С. А. ШнайдерA. V. Nikolaeva, S. A. Shnayder Государственное учреждение  «Институт стоматологии Национальной Академии Медицинских Наук Украины»SE «The Institute of Stomatology National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine» Реферат В опытах на 14 белых крысах с помощью купренила (D-пеницилламина)  была воспроизведена экспериментальная модель пародонтита. Ксенобиотик купренил вызвал воспалительные явления в тканях пародонта и резорбцию его костных структур. Под влиянием купренила было выявлено разрушение коллагена и снижение уровня ГАГ десны. По данным морфологических исследований выявлено уменьшение объема соединительной ткани слизистой оболочки полости рта; уменьшение числа клеток, синтезирующих компоненты межклеточного вещества. Ключевые слова: купренил, воспалительные явления, резорбция кости альвеолярного отростка, морфологические исследования, фибробласты, соединительная ткань, эпителиальный пласт, белые крысы. A.V. Nikolaeva, S. A. ShnayderSE «The Institute of Stomatology National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine»DEVELOPMENT OF THE MODEL OF EXPERIMENTAL PERIODONTITIS Summary Kuprenil – is a synthetic drug that is used for acute and chronic poisoning metals. Kuprenil has multilateral influence on the metabolism of collagen by blocking its synthesis. Under its influencetake place the binding of transverse collagen fibers. The study of mechanisms of damage MKM periodontal tissue in a play of his inflammatory diseases.The Aim of study was modeling of the experimental periodontitis and in connection with this study of the molecular mechanisms and cytomorphologic changes of metabolic disorders of the extracellular matrix and periodontal buccal mucosa of rats.Materials and methods. The experiments conducted on 14 white rats 1.5-2 months. age. Intact group consisted of 6 rats. The experimental model  of periodontitis was reproduced on the 8 rat  with introductionof the  kuprenil with drinking water in a dose of 20 mg / kg body weight of rats continuing for 55 days.Results and conclusions. Xenobiotic kuprenil caused the inflammation in the periodontal tissues and the resorption of its bone's structures. Under the influence of the kuprenil was revealed the destruction of collagen and GAG reduction of the gums. According to the morphological studies revealed a decrease in volume of the connective tissue of the oral mucosa; reducing the number of cells synthesizing components of the intercellular substance.           Key words: kuprenil, inflammatory effects, resorption of the alveolar bone, morphological studies, fibroblasts, connective tissue, epithelial layer, white rats

Ten millennia of hepatitis B virus evolution

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) has been infecting humans for millennia and remains a global health problem, but its past diversity and dispersal routes are largely unknown. We generated HBV genomic data from 137 Eurasians and Native Americans dated between ~10,500 and ~400 years ago. We date the most recent common ancestor of all HBV lineages to between ~20,000 and 12,000 years ago, with the virus present in European and South American hunter-gatherers during the early Holocene. After the European Neolithic transition, Mesolithic HBV strains were replaced by a lineage likely disseminated by early farmers that prevailed throughout western Eurasia for ~4000 years, declining around the end of the 2nd millennium BCE. The only remnant of this prehistoric HBV diversity is the rare genotype G, which appears to have reemerged during the HIV pandemic

The development trends and features of online news websites in Bangladesh

This article refers to the brief history of the development of online media in Bangladesh starting from the beginnings of the Internet to the contemporary stage. Since 2006 Bangladeshi news organizations have been reshaping their strategy towards being a digital-only news outlet. News organizations are now using different features of mobile devices and social media to tell stories and engage with their target audiences. Today both the digital-only news outlets and mainstream media use QR codes, messengers, social media platforms, which enable them to reach a wider area of audiences. By using yet inexpensive digital tools journalists can easily create and distribute content for digital-only platforms. We consider digital-only platforms as new media, social media, and convergence media platforms. Social media platforms have provided the opportunity for traditional journalists to share news quickly, get feedback from the audience, and have two-way communication with the reader. Previous studies have looked at the genres of online journalism from a western perspective. Little has been done on the topic from the context of Bangladesh. In this article, we analyze the basic features of online news media that exist in contemporary Bangladesh and provide an account of the development trends. We outline the new genres, techniques, and use as a sample two most famous online news platforms: The Daily Star and bdnews24. A series of semi-structured interviews were conducted with 5 different professionals from Journalism and mass media. This study is based on both primary and secondary sources of qualitative data to understand the new genres of online news media, challenges, and opportunities to work in the ever-changing media landscape

Karyotypes and recombination patterns of the Common Swift (Apus apus Linnaeus, 1758) and Eurasian Hobby (Falco subbuteo Linnaeus, 1758)

Abstract Background Meiotic recombination is an important source of genetic variability. Studies on mammals demonstrate a substantial interspecies variation in overall recombination rate, which is dependent mainly on chromosome (2n) and chromosome arm number (FN). Bird karyotypes are very conservative with 2n being about 78–82 and FN being 80–90 in most species. However, some families such as Apodidae (swifts) and Falconidae (falcons) show a substantial karyotypic variation. In this study, we describe the somatic and pachytene karyotypes of the male Common Swift (Apus apus) and the pachytene karyotype of the male Eurasian Hobby (Falco subbuteo) and estimate the overall number and distribution of recombination events along the chromosomes of these species. Methods The somatic karyotype was examined in bone marrow cells. Pachytene chromosome spreads were prepared from spermatocytes of adult males. Synaptonemal complexes and mature recombination nodules were visualized with antibodies to SYCP3 and MLH1 proteins correspondingly. Results The karyotype of the Common Swift consists of three metacentric, three submetacentric and two telocentric macrochromosomes and 31 telocentric microchromosomes (2n = 78; FN = 90). It differs from the karyotypes of related Apodidae species described previously. The karyotype of the Eurasian Hobby contains one metacentric and 13 telocentric macrochromosomes and one metacentric and ten telocentric microchromosomes (2n = 50; FN = 54) and is similar to that described previously in 2n, but differs for macrochromosome morphology. Despite an about 40% difference in 2n and FN, these species have almost the same number of recombination nodules per genome: 51.4 ± 4.3 in the swift and 51.1 ± 6.7 in the hobby. The distribution of the recombination nodules along the macrochromosomes was extremely polarized in the Common Swift and was rather even in the Eurasian Hobby. Conclusions This study adds two more species to the short list of birds in which the number and distribution of recombination nodules have been examined. Our data confirm that recombination rate in birds is substantially higher than that in mammals, but shows rather a low interspecies variability. Even a substantial reduction in chromosome number does not lead to any substantial decrease in recombination rate. More data from different taxa are required to draw statistically supported conclusions about the evolution of recombination in birds

Germline-restricted chromosome (GRC) in the sand martin and the pale martin (Hirundinidae, Aves): synapsis, recombination and copy number variation

All songbirds studied to date have an additional Germline Restricted Chromosome (GRC), which is no

Ultrastructural Abnormalities in Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Neural Stem Cells and Neurons of Two Cohen Syndrome Patients

Cohen syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by VPS13B (COH1) gene mutations. This syndrome is significantly underdiagnosed and is characterized by intellectual disability, microcephaly, autistic symptoms, hypotension, myopia, retinal dystrophy, neutropenia, and obesity. VPS13B regulates intracellular membrane transport and supports the Golgi apparatus structure, which is critical for neuron formation. We generated induced pluripotent stem cells from two patients with pronounced manifestations of Cohen syndrome and differentiated them into neural stem cells and neurons. Using transmission electron microscopy, we documented multiple new ultrastructural changes associated with Cohen syndrome in the neuronal cells. We discovered considerable disturbances in the structure of some organelles: Golgi apparatus fragmentation and swelling, endoplasmic reticulum structural reorganization, mitochondrial defects, and the accumulation of large autophagosomes with undigested contents. These abnormalities underline the ultrastructural similarity of Cohen syndrome to many neurodegenerative diseases. The cell models that we developed based on patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells can serve to uncover not only neurodegenerative processes, but the causes of intellectual disability in general

Ethics of DNA research on human remains: Five globally applicable guidelines

We are a group of archaeologists, anthropologists, curators and geneticists representing diverse global communities and 31 countries. All of us met in a virtual workshop dedicated to ethics in ancient DNA research held in November 2020. There was widespread agreement that globally applicable ethical guidelines are needed, but that recent recommendations grounded in discussion about research on human remains from North America are not always generalizable worldwide. Here we propose the following globally applicable guidelines, taking into consideration diverse contexts. These hold that: (1) researchers must ensure that all regulations were followed in the places where they work and from which the human remains derived; (2) researchers must prepare a detailed plan prior to beginning any study; (3) researchers must minimize damage to human remains; (4) researchers must ensure that data are made available following publication to allow critical re-examination of scientific findings; and (5) researchers must engage with other stakeholders from the beginning of a study and ensure respect and sensitivity to stakeholder perspectives. We commit to adhering to these guidelines and expect they will promote a high ethical standard in DNA research on human remains going forward.Fil: Alpaslan Roodenberg, Songül. Harvard Medical School; Estados Unidos. Universidad de Viena; AustriaFil: Anthony, David. Harvard University; Estados UnidosFil: Babiker, Hiba. Max Planck Institute For The Science Of Human History; Estados UnidosFil: Bánffy, Eszter. No especifíca;Fil: Booth, Thomas. No especifíca;Fil: Capone, Patricia. Harvard University; Estados UnidosFil: Deshpande Mukherjee, Arati. No especifíca;Fil: Eisenmann, Stefanie. Institut Max Planck for Evolutionary Anthropology; AlemaniaFil: Fehren Schmitz, Lars. University of California; Estados UnidosFil: Frachetti, Michael. Washington University in St. Louis; Estados UnidosFil: Fujita, Ricardo. Universidad de San Martín de Porres; PerúFil: Frieman, Catherine J.. The Australian National University; AustraliaFil: Fu, Qiaomei. No especifíca;Fil: Gibbon, Victoria. University of Cape Town; SudáfricaFil: Haak, Wolfgang. Max Planck Institute For The Science Of Human History; AlemaniaFil: Hajdinjak, Mateja. The Francis Crick Institute; Reino UnidoFil: Hofmann, Kerstin P.. Deutsches Archäologisches Institut; AlemaniaFil: Holguin, Brian. University of California; Estados UnidosFil: Inomata, Takeshi. University of Arizona; Estados UnidosFil: Kanzawa Kiriyama, Hideaki. National Museum Of Nature And Science; JapónFil: Keegan, William. University Of Florida. Florida Museum Of History; Estados UnidosFil: Kelso, Janet. Institut Max Planck for Evolutionary Anthropology; AlemaniaFil: Krause, Johannes. Institut Max Planck for Evolutionary Anthropology; AlemaniaFil: Kumaresan, Ganesan. Madurai Kamaraj University; IndiaFil: Kusimba, Chapurukha. University of Florida; Estados UnidosFil: Kusimba, Sibel. University of Florida; Estados UnidosFil: Lalueza Fox, Carles. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas; EspañaFil: Llamas, Bastien. University of Adelaide; AustraliaFil: MacEachern, Scott. University of Duke; Estados UnidosFil: Mallick, Swapan. Harvard Medical School; Estados UnidosFil: Matsumura, Hirofumi. Sapporo Medical University; JapónFil: Morales Arce, Ana Y.. University of Bern; SuizaFil: Motuzaite Matuzeviciute, Giedre. Vilniaus Universitetas; LituaniaFil: Mushrif Tripathy, Veena. Deccan College Post Graduate and Research Institute; IndiaFil: Nakatsuka, Nathan. Harvard Medical School; Estados UnidosFil: Nores, Rodrigo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Antropología de Córdoba. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Filosofía y Humanidades. Instituto de Antropología de Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Ogola, Christine. National Museums Of Kenya; KeniaFil: Okumura, Mercedes. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Patterson, Nick. Harvard University; Estados UnidosFil: Pinhasi, Ron. Universidad de Viena; AustriaFil: Prasad, Samayamantri P. R.. No especifíca;Fil: Prendergast, Mary E.. Rice University; Estados UnidosFil: Punzo, Jose Luis. No especifíca;Fil: Reich, David. Harvard University; Estados Unidos. Harvard Medical School; Estados UnidosFil: Sawafuji, Rikai. The Graduate University For Advanced Studies; JapónFil: Sawchuk, Elizabeth. University of Alberta; CanadáFil: Schiffels, Stephan. Institut Max Planck for Evolutionary Anthropology; AlemaniaFil: Sedig, Jakob. Harvard University; Estados Unidos. Harvard Medical School; Estados UnidosFil: Shnaider, Svetlana. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; FranciaFil: Sirak, Kendra. Harvard University; Estados Unidos. Harvard Medical School; Estados UnidosFil: Skoglund, Pontus. The Francis Crick Institute; Reino UnidoFil: Slon, Viviane. Universitat Tel Aviv; IsraelFil: Snow, Meradeth. University Of Montana Missoula; Estados UnidosFil: Soressi, Marie. Leiden University; Países BajosFil: Spriggs, Matthew. The Australian National University; AustraliaFil: Stockhammer, Philipp W.. Ludwig Maximilians Universitat; Alemania. Institut Max Planck for Evolutionary Anthropology; AlemaniaFil: Szécsényi Nagy, Anna. No especifíca;Fil: Thangaraj, Kumarasamy. Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology; IndiaFil: Tiesler, Vera. Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán; MéxicoFil: Tobler, Ray. University of Adelaide; AustraliaFil: Wang, Chuan Chao. Xiamen University; ChinaFil: Warinner, Christina. Institut Max Planck for Evolutionary Anthropology; Alemania. Harvard University; Estados UnidosFil: Yasawardene, Surangi. No especifíca;Fil: Zahir, Muhammad. Hazara University; Pakistá

Ethics of DNA research on human remains: five globally applicable guidelines.

We are a group of archaeologists, anthropologists, curators and geneticists representing diverse global communities and 31 countries. All of us met in a virtual workshop dedicated to ethics in ancient DNA research held in November 2020. There was widespread agreement that globally applicable ethical guidelines are needed, but that recent recommendations grounded in discussion about research on human remains from North America are not always generalizable worldwide. Here we propose the following globally applicable guidelines, taking into consideration diverse contexts. These hold that: (1) researchers must ensure that all regulations were followed in the places where they work and from which the human remains derived; (2) researchers must prepare a detailed plan prior to beginning any study; (3) researchers must minimize damage to human remains; (4) researchers must ensure that data are made available following publication to allow critical re-examination of scientific findings; and (5) researchers must engage with other stakeholders from the beginning of a study and ensure respect and sensitivity to stakeholder perspectives. We commit to adhering to these guidelines and expect they will promote a high ethical standard in DNA research on human remains going forward